Bond Forming Reaction
결합 형성 반응

Bond Forming Reaction(결합 형성 반응)란 무엇입니까?

Bond Forming Reaction 결합 형성 반응 - The development of C(sp 3 )-H functionalizations of free carboxylic acids has provided a wide range of C-C and C-Y (Y = heteroatom) bond-forming reactions that both complement and expand upon what can be achieved through conventional methods. ^[1] Capitalizing on the operational simplicity and use of efficient C−C and C-X bond-forming reactions, this protocol of combining NHC-catalyzed and radical-initiated reactions enables the assembly of bridged aromatic ring-fused oxazocine derivatives with versatile functional and structural diversity. ^[2] Our findings provide direct evidence for a role of a SPASM domain auxiliary cluster and consolidate rEAS as a mechanistic paradigm for rSAM enzyme-catalyzed carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions. ^[3] In this study, 2,3-dicyanopyrazino phenanthrene (DCPP), a commodity chemical that can be prepared at an industrial scale, was used as a photocatalyst in lieu of Ru or Ir complexes in C-X (X = C, N, and O) bond-forming reactions under visible-light irradiation. ^[4] Here, we report alanine carbastannatranes AlaSn as a universal synthon in various C-C and C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions. ^[5] In this perspective, a focused discussion on some recent advancements in C–Br bond-forming reactions is presented. ^[6] Apart from common ionic C—N bond-forming reactions (i. ^[7] Here, we present the invention of a facile, visible light-mediated decarboxylative C(sp3)-N bond-forming reaction by employing abundant carboxylic acids as the feedstock and a commercial diazirine as a nitrogen donor. ^[8] This one-pot deoxyfluorination amide bond-forming reaction gives ready access to amides in yields of ≤94%. ^[9] A useful carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction in which aldehyde and alcohol functional groups are obs…. ^[10] However, the engagement of allylic C–C bond-forming reaction without introducing extraneous functional groups and stoichiometric oxidant or reductant has proved difficult. ^[11] , C–N, C–O, C–S and C–Se) bond-forming reactions. ^[12] The recent expansion of these mechanistically-different methods have enabled the use of various gaseous alkanes for the development of different bond-forming reactions, including C-C, C-B, C-N, C-Si and C-S bonds. ^[13] The first example of a carbodiimide-mediated P-C bond-forming reaction is described. ^[14] This represents the first example of a tandem isomerization followed by one C-O and two C-C bond-forming reactions in one pot. ^[15] After the application of rCalB-mclIBs into a promiscuous carbon–carbon bond-forming reaction, the MBH and the Aldol products could be obtained simultaneously. ^[16] The synthetic applications of AEE towards intermolecular bond-forming reactions include metal-catalyzed, cycloaddition and heterocycles formation as well as in the field of natural products synthesis. ^[17] Fructose-6-phosphate aldolase (FSA) is an important enzyme for the C-C bond-forming reactions in organic synthesis. ^[18] The resultant aryl radicals are applied for C-C, C-P, and C-B bond-forming reactions with excellent chemoselectivity and efficacy under external sacrificial agent-free conditions. ^[19] In this mini review, we describe typical mechanisms of the protease-instructed peptide assembly via bond-cleaving or bond-forming reactions, and outline biomedical applications of the peptide assemblies, such as drug depot, sustained release, controlled release, gelation-regulated cytotoxicity, and matrix construction. ^[20] Devising artificial photoenzymes for abiological bond-forming reactions is of high synthetic value but also a tremendous challenge. ^[21] Second, this denitrative coupling protocol was applied to various bond-forming reactions, namely, Buchwald-Hartwig amination, etherification, and hydrogenation reactions. ^[22] Simple copper salts serve as catalysts to effect C-X bond-forming reactions in some of the most utilized transformations in synthesis, including the oxidative coupling of aryl boronic acids and amines. ^[23] In this review, we emphasize the recent synthetic advances of late-stage C(sp2)-N and C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond-forming reactions under metal-free conditions using diaryliodonium salts as arylating reagent and its applications to the synthesis of new arylated bioactive heterocyclic compounds. ^[24] Heck cross-coupling reaction (HCR) is one of the few transition metal catalyzed CC bond-forming reactions, which has been considered as the most effective, direct, and atom economical synthetic method using various catalytic systems. ^[25] Conceptuality and practicality aside, these transformations have even offered the possibility of modulating and dictating the site-selectivity pattern, thus providing not only new vistas when controlling the selectivity of bond-forming reactions at specific sites within the side chain but also new knowledge in retrosynthetic analysis when accessing carboxylic acids and amide backbones. ^[26] The regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of oxazolidinones via a Pd-catalyzed vicinal C-N/C-Cl bond-forming reaction from internal alkenes of allylic carbamates is reported. ^[27] Transition metal-catalyzed C-S bond-forming reactions have successfully overcome the obstacles associated with traditional organosulfur compound syntheses such as stoichiometric use of metal-catalysts, catalyst-poisoning and harsh reaction conditions. ^[28] Thus, these species can photochemically trigger strategic bond-forming reactions, including their direct aromatic C-H functionalization. ^[29] We report the first highly diastereo- and enantioselective C–C bond-forming reaction of racemic α-branched ketones to construct tertiary alcohols with adjacent stereocenters. ^[30] Besides their traditional role as electrophiles, N-sulfonyl ketimines possess α-Csp3-H protons, and thus behave as potential carbonucleophiles, where they can undergo several C-X (X = C, N and O) bond-forming reactions with different types of electrophiles under various conditions to form a wide range of fascinating asymmetric and non-asymmetric versions of fused heterocycles, carbocycles, spiro-fused skeletons, pyridines, pyrroles, etc. ^[31] Palladium complexes can promote a variety of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions with high chemo-, enantio-, and diastereoselectivity. ^[32] Our approach combines chemoselective bond-forming reactions and one-pot operations to forge an overall efficient synthesis. ^[33] These new paramagnetic phosphorus compounds proved to be useful reagents in C–C and C=C bond-forming reactions and in functional group transformation reactions, namely, reduction, phospha-Brook rearrangement, and Regitz diazo transfer reactions. ^[34] The ion-pair of TBA+ and reactant anion is generated and can be transferred into the organic phase, initiating the bond-forming reaction. ^[35] This review will highlight these advances in the field of multiple-bond-forming reactions, one-pot synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles, enantioselective construction of densely functionalized molecules, and total synthesis of natural products. ^[36] A new and general Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed C-C bond-forming reaction of 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)-endoperoxy ketals with silyl ketene acetals, silyl enol ethers, allyltrimethylsilane, and trimethylsilyl cyanide has been developed via the reactive peroxycarbenium ions, affording a wide range of complicated 3,3,6,6-tetrasubstituted 1,2-dioxenes bearing adjacent quaternary carbons and 3-acetyl/allyl/cyano functional groups in good yields at room temperature. ^[37] Molecular catalysts have served as models to understand its mechanism, in particular the O–O bond-forming reaction, which is still not fully understood. ^[38] In this Perspective, we first review the early discovery of Ce(OAc)4-mediated oxidative transformations to emphasize the importance of Ce(IV)-OAc bond homolysis in various C-C bond-forming reactions and its relation to recent developments. ^[39] The present review summarizes ultrasound-promoted useful organic transformations involving both carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (N, O, S) bond-forming reactions in the absence or presence of varying catalytic systems, reported during the period 2016-2020. ^[40] Optimization of the reaction conditions revealed that the use of the alkaline metal amide, potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS), as an additive was most effective, and enantioselective and atom economical carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions at the benzylic positions of unactivated alkylarenes was achieved without using any transition-metal catalyst. ^[41] This short review summarizes recent progress on transition-metal-catalyzed C–C bond-forming reactions based on C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H additions to nitriles. ^[42] A one-pot peptide bond-forming reaction has been developed using unprotected amino acids and peptides. ^[43] , in 'Ultrasound-Promoted Organic Synthesis A Recent Update' considered the inherent properties of ultrasonication to minimize wastes as well as to reduce energy or reaction time and nicely presented an interesting overview on ultrasoundpromoted organic transformations involving both C-C, C-N, C-O, and C-S bond-forming reactions [23]. ^[44] Asymmetric addition reactions such as aldol reaction, Michael addition, and Mannich addition reactions are important carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions and have been employed in the synthesis of a broad range of biologically important molecules.