Acid Metabolites(산 대사 산물)란 무엇입니까?
Acid Metabolites 산 대사 산물 - Inadequate muscle perfusion can lead to anaerobic glucose metabolism and the building up of acid metabolites, predominantly lactic acid, lowering pH and the depletion of buffering capacities of body fluids (5, 21, 23). [1] However, the experimental samples of concrete are almost lacking carbon compounds because the acid metabolites of microfungi interfere with its formation. [2] The incorporation of nanoscale ACP can reduce the inflammatory response caused by the acid metabolites of PLLA scaffolds, reduce the expression of procalcification factors in the body, and inhibit tissue calcification. [3] However, the acid metabolites of PLA degradation can accelerate the degradation process, resulting in tissue inflammation and postoperative allergy. [4] The sample preparation method illustrated here may be adopted for determination of other circulating ester drugs and their acid metabolites in rodents. [5] Toxicokinetics of alpha-CP in adult hens showed that alpha-CP was rapidly metabolized to acid metabolites, which could be further metabolized and excreted. [6]부적절한 근육 관류는 혐기성 포도당 대사 및 산 대사 산물, 주로 젖산의 축적으로 이어질 수 있으며, pH를 낮추고 체액의 완충 능력을 고갈시킬 수 있습니다(5, 21, 23). [1] 그러나 콘크리트의 실험 샘플은 미세균류의 산 대사 산물이 형성을 방해하기 때문에 탄소 화합물이 거의 부족합니다. [2] 나노 스케일 ACP의 통합은 PLLA 지지체의 산 대사 산물로 인한 염증 반응을 감소시키고 체내 석회화 인자의 발현을 감소시키며 조직 석회화를 억제할 수 있습니다. [3] 그러나 PLA 분해의 산 대사 산물은 분해 과정을 가속화하여 조직 염증과 수술 후 알레르기를 유발할 수 있습니다. [4] 여기에 설명된 시료 준비 방법은 설치류에서 순환하는 다른 에스테르 약물과 이들의 산 대사 산물을 측정하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. [5] 성체 암탉에서 알파-CP의 독성 동태학은 알파-CP가 산 대사산물로 빠르게 대사되어 추가로 대사 및 배설될 수 있음을 보여주었습니다. [6]
short chain fatty 짧은 사슬 지방
Several studies in humans and animal models have demonstrated an association between gut microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids, and bile acid metabolites (amino acid breakdown products) with CVD. [1] Microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial bile acid metabolites, have been shown to modulate innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and inflammation. [2] Among these metabolites short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, and bile acid metabolites/pathways show strong preclinical evidence for involvement in various aspects of brain function and behaviour. [3] There were significant changes in the concentrations of short-chain fatty-acid metabolites, confirming the potential of the tested ingredients to stimulate bacterial metabolism. [4] The bacterial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as non-SCFAs like amino acid metabolites (AAMs) and bacterial amyloids are described in particular. [5] Orally delivered inulin-gel treatments increased the relative abundances of key commensal microorganisms and their short-chain-fatty-acid metabolites, and led to enhanced recall responses for interferon-γ+CD8+ T cells as well as to the establishment of stem-like T-cell factor-1+PD-1+CD8+ T cells within the tumour microenvironment. [6] Stool samples were analyzed for short-chain fatty acids, and primary/secondary bile acid metabolites by mass spectrometry. [7] Conclusions: Intestinal dysbiosis was associated with altered short-chain fatty acid metabolites in children with sepsis, but these findings were not linked directly to mitochondrial or immunologic changes. [8] Gut microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and amino acid metabolites, have been shown to play a significant role in HF. [9] A correlation analysis between changed probiotics and intestinal short-chain fatty acid metabolites after phototherapy showed that acetic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, and propionic acid decreased; these metabolites were significantly correlated with Bifidobacterium (p<0. [10] Germ-free marmosets exhibited low levels of faecal short-chain fatty acids, bile acid metabolites, plasma and faecal immunoglobulins, and enlarged caecum in contrast-enhanced X-ray. [11] These included short-chain fatty acid, bile acid, tryptophan, sphingolipid, benzoic acid, and cinnaminic acid metabolites, as well as fucose and ethanolamine. [12]인간 및 동물 모델에 대한 여러 연구에서 TMAO(트리메틸아민-N-옥사이드), 단쇄 지방산 및 담즙산 대사물(아미노산 분해 산물)과 같은 장내 미생물 대사 산물과 CVD 간의 연관성이 입증되었습니다. [1] 단쇄 지방산(SCFA) 및 미생물 담즙산 대사 산물을 포함한 미생물 대사 산물은 선천 면역, 적응 면역 및 염증을 조절하는 것으로 나타났습니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4] 박테리아 대사 산물 단쇄 지방산(SCFA)과 아미노산 대사 산물(AAM) 및 박테리아 아밀로이드와 같은 비-SCFA가 특히 설명됩니다. [5] nan [6] nan [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10] nan [11] nan [12]
Fatty Acid Metabolites 지방산 대사 산물
Chronic elevations in fatty acid metabolites termed prostaglandins can be found in circulation and in pancreatic islets from mice or humans with diabetes and have been suggested as contributing to the β‐cell dysfunction of the disease. [1] Collectively, these results demonstrated that Ffar2 deficiency significantly altered profiles of fatty acid metabolites and gut microbiome, which might promote colorectal cancer development. [2] Endogenous PPAR ligands are fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites. [3] 93), p Conclusions In this sample, tryptophan and omega-3 fatty acid metabolites were significantly related to LLD outcomes; these metabolites may play a role in the pathophysiology of LLD. [4] We assess the role of fatty acid metabolites, mainly SCFA and lactate, in onset of infection and virulence of the fungal pathogen. [5] We constructed the map by focusing on ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid metabolites and their respective metabolic pathways, with manual curation of referenced information from public databases and relevant studies. [6] These data suggest that the antibacterial substances in LRS are carbohydrates and/or fatty acid metabolites. [7] After LPS exposure, levels of 38 and 75 metabolites, mainly glycerophospholipid and fatty acid metabolites, were altered in maternal serum and male fetal liver, respectively. [8] Conclusions: Intestinal dysbiosis was associated with altered short-chain fatty acid metabolites in children with sepsis, but these findings were not linked directly to mitochondrial or immunologic changes. [9] Animals with low residual feed intake presented changes in energy production, represented by carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolites, and decreased carcass fat deposition and protein turnover. [10] A correlation analysis between changed probiotics and intestinal short-chain fatty acid metabolites after phototherapy showed that acetic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, and propionic acid decreased; these metabolites were significantly correlated with Bifidobacterium (p<0. [11] The overall production for both types of cells and various fatty acid systems were characterized by a high proportion of the omega-3 fatty acid metabolites (PGE3+PGI3) compared to the omega-6 counterpart (PGE2+PGI2). [12] Acylcarnitines, fatty acid metabolites, have been associated with type 2 diabetes risk in cross-sectional studies of mostly Caucasian subjects, but prospective studies on their link to prediabetes in diverse populations are lacking. [13] linoleic acid (LA) into bioactive and other fatty acid metabolites that are not toxic to the bacteria themselves, but the mechanism of this conversion is not clear. [14] OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship of plasma fatty acid metabolites as biomarkers of the 'mild-asthma' phenotype and lung function including airway inflammation in children. [15] Finally, MPYS interacts with fatty acid metabolites acyl-CoA, lysophosphatidic acid, phosphatidic acid, and diglyceride at the steady-state. [16] SSc-PAH patients had increased levels of fatty acid metabolites including lignoceric acid and nervonic acid, as well as kynurenine, polyamines, eicosanoids/oxylipins and sex hormone metabolites relative to IPAH. [17] Glyphosate excretion was positively associated to an increased bacterial species richness, as well as to fatty acid metabolites and phosphate levels. [18] Activation of PPARs, through endogenous fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites or synthetic compounds, has been demonstrated to have lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic actions. [19] Although polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of several disorders, their contribution to IBD is yet to be understood. [20] However, the changes to blood fatty acid metabolites in sheep as a result of alterations to the feeding regimen are unknown. [21] The interchange of information from one cell to another relies on the release of hundreds of different molecules including small peptides, amino acids, nucleotides, RNA, steroids, retinoids, or fatty acid metabolites. [22] Fatty acid metabolites were determined using gas and ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. [23] The first section deals with the interactions in vitro, looking specifically at the role of cell wall components, quorum sensing molecules, phenazines, fatty acid metabolites and competition for iron in the interaction. [24] MethodsGas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) was used to find the potential target fatty acid metabolites of MYCN. [25] In the samples of extraction solvent Formula 2 (F2), 66 metabolites were characterized, and fatty acid metabolites were extracted. [26] Network analyses revealed groups of interrelated amino acid, acylcarnitine, and fatty acid metabolites associated with all three newborn outcomes. [27] Inversely, weight regain was correlated with elevated fatty acid metabolites and decreased serine, glycine, threonine, phenylalanine, alanine, TCA cycle metabolites, and glutamate metabolism. [28] TRPA1, TRPM2, and TRPM8 are nonselective Ca2+-permeable cation channels which regulate calcium pathways under oxidative stress, whereas TRPV4 can be activated by oxidative, osmotic, and thermal stress as well as different fatty acid metabolites. [29] Under the impact of a HC diet, the fatty acid metabolome was solely elevated in female WAT, whereas, the fatty acid metabolites in BAT showed a similar trend in the male and female offsprings. [30] A more detailed analysis of these 104 features allowed for the putative identification of 49 compounds, which were clustered into 6 functional groups: 1) energy metabolism; 2) vitamins; 3) hormones and signaling molecules; 4) lipid derivatives, fatty acid metabolites, and membrane components; 5) amino acid/protein metabolism; and 6) microbial metabolites. [31] Metabolomic analysis shows that in response to MetAP2 inhibitor treatment, fatty acid metabolites in brown adipose tissue increase transiently and subsequently decrease to basal or below basal levels, suggesting an effect on fatty acid metabolism in this tissue. [32] Modulation of available fatty acid sources is thought to affect cellular physiology through a variety of mechanisms, including through alterations to the profile of oxygenated free fatty acid metabolites, called oxylipins, produced in a cell type specific manner. [33] Herein, we assessed the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites by infective and noninfective stages of Leishmania and further explored the role of these metabolites in macrophage polarization. [34] Network analyses revealed groups of interrelated amino acid, acylcarnitine, and fatty acid metabolites associated with all three newborn outcomes. [35] Aims(1) To characterize the patterns of bioactive ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in alcohol use disorder and alcoholic hepatitis patients and (2) to identify associations of serum oxylipins with clinical parameters in patients with alcohol-related liver disease. [36] Modulations in energy metabolites including NADH, AMP, ADP, ATP, carbohydrate, terpenoids, fatty acid metabolites, diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), and l‐carnitine advocate major metabolic rearrangements. [37] The current review summarizes relevant scientific literature regarding the role of dietary fat, distinct fatty acids, and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in ALD, and highlights recent advances in the field. [38] The results obtained from the present study showed the maturity dependent increase in the sugar and fatty acid metabolites, capsaicinoids, ascorbic acid and phenol content, and antioxidant activities. [39] Metabolites most important to class separation (top 5% by Random Forest (RF) of 594 qualified metabolites) included elevated amino acid and long-chain fatty acid metabolites, and reduced hexose monophosphate shunt metabolites in the resistant cohort. [40] The Arabidopsis ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) protein is a decarbonylase that converts fatty acid metabolites into alkanes. [41] A 5-h exposure to 100 µM Mn, a time before any cell death occurred, resulted in decreases in energy and fatty acid metabolites (hexose-1,6 bisphosphate, acyl carnitines). [42] Recent evidences indicated that adipocytes can secrete fatty acid metabolites, such as palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME), which is able to cause vasorelaxation and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. [43] Of all the electrolytes, serum potassium showed the most significant associations with individual fatty acid metabolites and specific enrichment of fatty acid pathways. [44]프로스타글란딘이라고 하는 지방산 대사 산물의 만성 상승은 당뇨병이 있는 마우스 또는 인간의 췌도 및 순환계에서 발견될 수 있으며 질병의 β-세포 기능 장애에 기여하는 것으로 제안되었습니다. [1] 종합적으로, 이러한 결과는 Ffar2 결핍이 지방산 대사 산물과 장내 미생물군유전체의 프로필을 크게 변경하여 결장직장암 발병을 촉진할 수 있음을 보여주었습니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6] nan [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10] nan [11] nan [12] nan [13] nan [14] nan [15] nan [16] nan [17] nan [18] nan [19] nan [20] nan [21] nan [22] 지방산 대사 산물은 기체 및 질량 분석과 결합된 초고압 액체 크로마토그래피를 사용하여 결정되었습니다. [23] 첫 번째 섹션에서는 세포벽 구성 요소, 정족수 감지 분자, 페나진, 지방산 대사 산물 및 상호 작용에서 철 경쟁의 역할을 구체적으로 살펴보고 시험관 내 상호 작용을 다룹니다. [24] 방법 가스 크로마토그래피-질량 분석기(GC-MS)를 사용하여 MYCN의 잠재적인 표적 지방산 대사 산물을 찾았습니다. [25] 추출용매 화학식 2(F2)의 시료에서 66개의 대사산물을 특성화하였고 지방산 대사산물을 추출하였다. [26] 네트워크 분석은 세 가지 신생아 결과와 관련된 상호 연관된 아미노산, 아실카르니틴 및 지방산 대사 산물 그룹을 밝혀냈습니다. [27] 역으로, 체중 증가는 지방산 대사 산물 증가와 세린, 글리신, 트레오닌, 페닐알라닌, 알라닌, TCA 회로 대사 산물 및 글루타메이트 대사 감소와 상관 관계가 있습니다. [28] TRPA1, TRPM2 및 TRPM8은 산화 스트레스 하에서 칼슘 경로를 조절하는 비선택적 Ca2+ 투과성 양이온 채널인 반면, TRPV4는 산화 스트레스, 삼투압 스트레스, 열 스트레스 및 다양한 지방산 대사 산물에 의해 활성화될 수 있습니다. [29] HC식이 요법의 영향으로 지방산 대사체는 여성 WAT에서만 상승한 반면 BAT의 지방산 대사 산물은 남성과 여성 자손에서 비슷한 경향을 보였습니다. [30] 이 104가지 기능에 대한 보다 자세한 분석을 통해 49가지 화합물을 식별할 수 있었습니다. 이 화합물은 6가지 기능 그룹으로 분류되었습니다. 1) 에너지 대사; 2) 비타민; 3) 호르몬 및 신호전달 분자; 4) 지질 유도체, 지방산 대사 산물 및 막 성분; 5) 아미노산/단백질 대사; 및 6) 미생물 대사 산물. [31] 대사체 분석은 MetAP2 억제제 치료에 대한 반응으로 갈색 지방 조직의 지방산 대사 산물이 일시적으로 증가하고 후속적으로 기저 수준 또는 기저 수준 이하로 감소하여 이 조직의 지방산 대사에 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여줍니다. [32] 이용 가능한 지방산 공급원의 조절은 세포 유형 특정 방식으로 생산되는 옥시리핀이라고 하는 산소화된 유리 지방산 대사산물의 프로필 변경을 포함하여 다양한 메커니즘을 통해 세포 생리학에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각됩니다. [33] 여기에서, 우리는 Leishmania의 감염 및 비감염 단계에 의한 다중불포화 지방산 대사산물의 생합성을 평가하고 대식세포 분극에서 이러한 대사산물의 역할을 추가로 조사했습니다. [34] 네트워크 분석은 세 가지 신생아 결과와 관련된 상호 연관된 아미노산, 아실카르니틴 및 지방산 대사 산물 그룹을 밝혀냈습니다. [35] nan [36] nan [37] nan [38] nan [39] nan [40] nan [41] nan [42] nan [43] nan [44]
Amino Acid Metabolites 아미노산 대사 산물
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that obese children with asthma would have: 1) poorer clinical outcomes over 12 months, 2) decreased responsiveness to systemic corticosteroid administration, 3) greater markers of systemic inflammation and 4) unique amino acid metabolites associated with oxidative stress. [1] The bacterial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as non-SCFAs like amino acid metabolites (AAMs) and bacterial amyloids are described in particular. [2] Altered microbial metabolism was represented by bile acids and aromatic amino acid metabolites. [3] 0), including 18 kinds of amino acid metabolites, 9 kinds of lipid metabolites, 5 kinds of exogenous compounds, 4 kinds of nucleotide metabolites, 3 kinds of peptides, 1 kind of vitamin(pantothenic acid) and 1 kind of coenzyme(gulonic acid). [4] LAAO catalyzes the oxidative deamination of specific L-amino acids with the generation of hydrogen peroxide and L-amino acid metabolites. [5] Gut microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and amino acid metabolites, have been shown to play a significant role in HF. [6] Through metabolic pathway prediction, electronic senses and metabolite analysis, the relationships among the rice varieties used for preparation and the bacterial microbiota, flavor, and organic acid/amino acid metabolites in zha-chili were elucidated. [7] In this regard, we found that male and female GBM patient tissues differ in their metabolite profiles and that male GBM exhibit a higher abundance of amino acid metabolites. [8] We conclude that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein PERM1 regulates homeostasis of lipid and amino acid metabolites in mitochondria. [9] RESULTS A total of 19 differential metabolites were identified, including 6 amino acid metabolites, 2 carnitines, 2 lipid metabolites and 9 other metabolites. [10] Among them, exposure to ACR caused glycolysis/gluconeogenesis attenuation by decreasing levels of glycolytic intermediates, reduced the rate of the TCA cycle, while elevating levels of several amino acid metabolites and lipid metabolites. [11] Filaggrin is degraded by caspase-14, calpain 1, and bleomycin hydrolases into amino acids and amino acid metabolites such as trans-urocanic acid and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, which are pivotal natural moisturizing factors in the SC. [12] We found that many lipid and amino acid metabolites differentiated IRIS from non-IRIS conditions prior to antiretroviral therapy and during the IRIS event, implicating the association between oxidative stress, tryptophan pathway, and lipid mediated signaling and the development of IRIS. [13] To our knowledge, this is the first time that advanced NMR profiling has been used to identify relevant and specifically altered lipid and amino acid metabolites in BC serum samples, which could be used for early and reliable diagnosis and prognosis. [14] This correlated with relative abundance of a sizable number of fecal amino acid metabolites, some not previously associated with the gut microbiota. [15] Diacyclglycerols and amino acid metabolites were positively correlated, and sphingolipids and long-chain fatty acids were negatively correlated with serum fTLI, respectively. [16] Based on the SERS peak analysis, abnormal glycolysis, DNA/RNA, and amino acid metabolites were found to be potential biomarkers for identifying patients with adrenal tumors, while metabolites related to disordered protein catabolism and excessive hormone secretion were expected to further differentiate functioning adrenal tumors from nonfunctioning adrenal tumors. [17] A panel of amino acid metabolites and central metabolism intermediates significantly correlated with the relative abundances of 8 species of bacteria were identified in the preterm group. [18] The decrease in some amino acid metabolites in the original group fed without gums was attributed to poor body condition. [19] Conclusions: Urinary amino acid metabolites were significantly altered in children with ASD. [20] Furthermore, several downstream amino acid metabolites are also important biological mediators of immune response regulation. [21] Metabolite profiles in patients with FM differed from the comparison group in energy, lipid and amino acid metabolites reflecting heightened oxidative stress, inflammation, and tryptophan degradation in patients with FM. [22] A number of molecular families are known to be shaped by the microbiome including short-chain fatty acids, indoles, aromatic amino acid metabolites, complex polysaccharides, and host lipids; such as sphingolipids and bile acids3–11. [23] Importantly, intestinal microbiome was necessary for PBDE-mediated decreases in branched-chain and aromatic amino acid metabolites, including 3-indolepropionic acid, a tryptophan metabolite recently shown to be protective against inflammation and diabetes. [24] Sixteen metabolites, including amino acid metabolites Imidazolelactate and N-Acetylornithine, changed significantly between NGT, T2D and T2D-DN. [25] Introduction The aim of this work was to optimize the formulation composition of DanHong injection and to study the disturbance of microscopic components of cerebral ischemia in amino acid metabolites and metabolic pathways. [26] The 13C-MFA model, which incorporated the measured extracellular fluxes and the parallel labeling mass isotopomer distributions (MIDs) for five glycolysis, four tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and three intracellular amino acid metabolites, predicted lower glycolysis fluxes in the high lactate cultures. [27] Serum concentrations of lipid and amino acid metabolites, concentrations of TCA cycle intermediates, lipid metabolites and amino acid metabolites in livers from DQ and XGLL were higher than those from other three regions. [28] Urinary amino acid metabolites were determined by stable isotopic dilution analysis liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. [29] Integrated pathway analysis results showed that protein secretion gene set was associated with amino acid metabolites in response to 10 μM Mn, while oxidative phosphorylation gene set was associated with energy, lipid, and neurotransmitter metabolites at 100 μM Mn. [30] The gut microbiome secretes bioactive metabolites (reactivated estrogens, short chain fatty acids, amino acid metabolites, or secondary bile acids) that modulate breast cancer. [31] In addition, the reductions in TCA cycle and amino acid metabolites during cartilage maturation illustrate the plasticity of chondrocyte metabolism during development. [32] RESULTS We identified 34 additional compounds (l-amino acid metabolites, phenolic acids, d-amino acids, keto acids, etc. [33] The 13C-MFA model, which incorporated the measured extracellular fluxes and the parallel labeling mass isotopomer distributions (MIDs) for five glycolysis, four tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and three intracellular amino acid metabolites, predicted lower glycolysis fluxes in the high lactate cultures. [34] The structures and bioactivities of three unprecedented fused 5-hydroxyquinoxaline/alpha-keto acid amino acid metabolites (baraphenazines A-C, 1-3), two unique diastaphenazine-type metabolites (baraphenazines D and E, 4 and 5) and two new phenazinolin-type (baraphenazines F and G, 6 and 7) metabolites from the Himalayan isolate Streptomyces sp. [35] Irinotecan induced a global metabolic change in patient plasma, as represented by elevations of circulating purine/pyrimidine nucleobases, acylcarnitines, and specific amino acid metabolites. [36] Cod and salmon intake did not affect serum and urine concentrations of 3-methylhistidine, and only marginally affected concentrations of free amino acids and amino acid metabolites. [37] The abundance of 53 amino acid metabolites and 89 lipid metabolites was altered in RES compared with CON (p ≤ 0. [38] The amino acid metabolites were linked with transcripts of immune or acute phase response signaling, whereas the carbohydrate metabolites were highly enrich in cholesterol biosynthesis transcripts. [39] We have therefore introduced 13C-carbonyl labeled acetyl groups as probes into amino acid metabolites using a simple reaction protocol. [40] citri-aurantii cells, a total of 53 distinct metabolites 9 were up-regulated and 44 were down-regulated were found, including 16 lipid metabolites, 6 carbohydrate metabolites, 2 amino acid metabolites, 5 alcohols, 2 glycoside metabolites, and 3 ketone metabolites, etc, and these metabolites are involved in 25 major metabolic pathways. [41] In this work, a method of high‐speed MEKC with LIF detection was developed to rapidly analyze the amino acid metabolites released by C. [42] Finally, LR exerted a major impact on the plasma metabolome, upregulating amino acid metabolites formed via the urea, tricarboxylic acid, and methionine cycles and increasing tryptophan metabolism. [43] Compounds and pathways affected included bile acids and microbial derived amino acid metabolites, increases in lipid classes of the glycerophospholipid, glycerolipids, cholesterol, phopsholipids, and most pronounced, the class of sphingolipids. [44]목적 우리는 천식이 있는 비만 어린이가 1) 12개월 동안 더 나쁜 임상 결과, 2) 전신 코르티코스테로이드 투여에 대한 반응성 감소, 3) 전신 염증의 더 큰 마커 및 4) 산화 스트레스와 관련된 고유한 아미노산 대사 산물을 가질 것이라고 가정했습니다. [1] 박테리아 대사 산물 단쇄 지방산(SCFA)과 아미노산 대사 산물(AAM) 및 박테리아 아밀로이드와 같은 비-SCFA가 특히 설명됩니다. [2] nan [3] nan [4] nan [5] nan [6] nan [7] nan [8] nan [9] nan [10] nan [11] nan [12] nan [13] nan [14] nan [15] nan [16] nan [17] nan [18] nan [19] nan [20] nan [21] FM 환자의 대사 산물 프로필은 FM 환자의 산화 스트레스, 염증 및 트립토판 분해 증가를 반영하는 에너지, 지질 및 아미노산 대사 산물에서 비교 그룹과 다릅니다. [22] 짧은 사슬 지방산, 인돌, 방향족 아미노산 대사 산물, 복합 다당류 및 숙주 지질을 포함한 많은 분자 패밀리가 미생물군집에 의해 형성되는 것으로 알려져 있습니다. 스핑고지질 및 담즙산과 같은 3-11. [23] 중요하게도, 장내 미생물군유전체는 최근 염증과 당뇨병을 예방하는 것으로 밝혀진 트립토판 대사산물인 3-인돌프로피온산을 포함한 분지쇄 및 방향족 아미노산 대사산물의 PBDE 매개 감소에 필요했습니다. [24] 아미노산 대사물 Imidazolelactate와 N-Acetylornithine을 포함한 16개의 대사물은 NGT, T2D 및 T2D-DN 사이에서 유의하게 변화했습니다. [25] 서론 이 연구의 목적은 DanHong 주사제의 제형 구성을 최적화하고 아미노산 대사 산물 및 대사 경로에서 대뇌 허혈의 미세한 구성 요소의 교란을 연구하는 것입니다. [26] 5개의 해당과정, 4개의 TCA(트리카르복실산 회로) 및 3개의 세포내 아미노산 대사산물에 대해 측정된 세포외 플럭스와 병렬 표지 질량 동위체 분포(MID)를 통합한 13C-MFA 모델은 높은 젖산 배양액에서 더 낮은 해당과정 플럭스를 예측했습니다. . [27] DQ 및 XGLL의 간에서 지질 및 아미노산 대사 산물의 혈청 농도, TCA 회로 중간체, 지질 대사 산물 및 아미노산 대사 산물의 농도는 다른 세 지역의 농도보다 높았습니다. [28] 소변의 아미노산 대사 산물은 안정 동위원소 희석 분석 액체 크로마토그래피-탠덤 질량 분석법에 의해 결정되었습니다. [29] 통합 경로 분석 결과에 따르면 단백질 분비 유전자 세트는 10μM Mn에 대한 반응으로 아미노산 대사 산물과 관련이 있는 반면 산화적 인산화 유전자 세트는 100μM Mn에서 에너지, 지질 및 신경 전달 물질 대사 산물과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났습니다. [30] 장내 미생물군집은 유방암을 조절하는 생리활성 대사산물(재활성화된 에스트로겐, 단쇄 지방산, 아미노산 대사산물 또는 2차 담즙산)을 분비합니다. [31] 또한 연골 성숙 중 TCA 주기와 아미노산 대사물의 감소는 발달 중 연골세포 대사의 가소성을 설명합니다. [32] nan [33] nan [34] nan [35] nan [36] nan [37] nan [38] nan [39] nan [40] nan [41] nan [42] nan