Introduction to Within Trials

We found that in the Paired, but not Unpaired group, an alcohol approach reaction was conditioned to houselight illumination, and the level of cue-conditioned reactivity predicted drinking behavior within trials.

There was no evidence of heterogeneity, even within trials that used minimal residual disease to guide therapy.

These adaptations were highly dynamic and could vary across individuals, days, trials, and even within trials.

However, it is unclear whether the same or different mechanisms underlie this serial dependence across and within trials.

Indirect comparisons of all regimens were simultaneously compared using random-effects network meta-analyses (NMA) which maintains randomisation within trials.

Digital interventions have not been widely used in relapse prevention and, therefore, little is currently known about their likely implementation—both within trials and beyond.

Conclusions The main concerns described by participants in a drug trial for chronic breathlessness cross multiple health domains supporting a model of total breathlessness and the inclusion of multi-domain measures within trials.

We excluded trials or conditions within trials that were not randomised, included additional non-parenting material (eg, child-focused interventions), or were abbreviated, non-standard versions of the usual Incredible Years intervention of 12-14 weekly sessions.

However, patient heterogeneity within trials and in clinical practice should be considered when interpreting these results.

Purpose To review the use and/or reporting of strategies to enhance and assess intervention fidelity within trials of infant feeding interventions to prevent childhood obesity, and their association with study quality, effectiveness, and publication year.

Within trials, neuronal signals transitioned from experienced reward to risk (risk updating) and from risk to upcoming choice (choice computation).

The risk of bias within trials is of concern and we were unable to use the majority of data reported in the included trials.

Here we show that, in the prefrontal cortex, this shared inter-neuronal variability is highly flexible, decreasing across tasks as cognitive demands increase and within trials in epochs of maximal behavioral demand.

5 × 10−8: continuous variables within trials were heterogeneous, p = 1.

In the PD-L1 ≥ 50% subgroup, additional follow-up within trials of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy and pembrolizumab monotherapy are needed to better define cost-effectiveness between these comparators.

The current status of qualitative methods within trials undermines the enormous insights qualitative approaches contribute to our understanding of the impact interventions have on human health.

However, the inferences from NMAs that some antidepressants are more effective or acceptable than others are not always consistent with direct head-to-head comparisons of drugs within trials.

The number of locations, years, and replications within trials required to achieve a certain level of heritability (i.

However, within trials, large moment-to-moment fluctuations of the DV are observed.

In this paper, a single-step factor analytic linear mixed model is developed for plant breeding MET data sets that incorporates molecular marker data, appropriately accommodates non-genetic sources of variation within trials and models VEI.

Multilevel regression models were used with patients nested within trials, and trial included as a random effect.

Risk ratios as relative measures of effect for direct comparisons within trials (all objectives) and proportions as absolute measures of effect for indirect comparisons across trials (for objectives 2 and 3) will be calculated.

Multilevel models were used to account for clustering within trials and patients over time, correcting for relevant confounders.

Indirect comparisons of all regimens were simultaneously compared using random-effects network meta-analyses (NMA) which maintains randomisation within trials.

Multi-level models were used to account for clustering of patients within trials and for repeated measurements within patients over time.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences between or within trials for completion time for Stroop and TMT part A.

Additionally, male backspace availability was not a limiting factor, and polyandry was observed within trials.

Digital interventions have not been widely used in relapse prevention and, therefore, little is currently known about their likely implementation—both within trials and beyond.

In static conditions, we calculated the average CoP ML position and between and within trials variabilities.

In this article, we describe the research methods underpinning the “QuinteT” (Qualitative Research Integrated Within Trials) approach to understand and address RCT recruitment difficulties.

Patient characteristics were balanced within trials and overall.

We found that only for G-saccades, the variability in spike rate across trials decreased, the regularity of spike timings within trials increased, the neural activity increased earlier from baseline and had a concurrent reduction of LFP beta band power.

Because of this, the marginality of a site has to be considered when evaluating climate sensitivity of provenances within trials.