Introduction to Vulvar Intraepithelial

What is/are Vulvar Intraepithelial?

Vulvar Intraepithelial - Vulvar intraepithelial lesions are a heterogenic group of diseases, which can be easily misdiagnosed. ^[1] Vulvar intraepithelial lesion was the risk factor of anal precancerous lesions (χ2=4. ^[2] This study examined the expression of LAG-3 and GAL-3 alongside programmed cell death ligand-1 expression in invasive SCC and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) by immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. ^[3] This systematic scoping review and meta-synthesis aimed to compare and contrast the experience of body image in the benign conditions of endometriosis, polycystic ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[4] However, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and chronic lichen sclerosus were apparent. ^[5] CONCLUSIONS VaIN can occur alone or be concomitant with cervical or vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[6] 1–3 Other diagnoses to consider in presentations similar to our patient’s include skin tags, condylomata, molluscum contagiosum, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and acquired lymphagiectasia. ^[7] 2) Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (0. ^[8] Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), a precancerous lesion, is difficult to treat by excision or ablation due to high recurrence rates. ^[9] The high prevalence of the HR-HPV in apparently benign lesions shows that warts should have histological analysis to exclude vulvar cancer and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[10] In the wide local excision of the scar specimen, 11 patients (46%) had no residual disease left, 8 patients (33%) had only vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VINIII), 4 patients (17%) had carcinoma in situ with focal invasion and 1 patient (4%) had invasive carcinoma within the second specimen, resected with clear margins. ^[11] Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia on the background vulvar LS without co-existing carcinoma was found being of both types in 1. ^[12] Five to eighteen percent of biopsies of vulvar intraepithelial lesions can have unsuspected stromal invasion on the final specimen. ^[13] SCC in the genital region in particular is recognized to be caused by HPV infection, and intraepithelial lesions of the penis and vulva are termed penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), respectively. ^[14] Laser ablation, though expensive and not commonly available, is very effective for cervical lesions extending to vaginal fornices and also for vaginal and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasias. ^[15] 1 It primarily affects post-menopausal women; its precursor lesions are vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), in particular the "differentiated" subtype, and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. ^[16] Preliminary data on patients with pre-existing anogenital warts, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is promising. ^[17] Results We assessed benign vulvar lesions such as folliculitis, condylomata acuminatum, lichen sclerosus and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[18] Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is a chronic precancerous condition of the skin of the vulva, with different malignant potential and clinical course. ^[19] Imiquimod has been proven to be effective in the regression of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). ^[20] Each type is associated with several conditions ranging from benign (such as common warts) to more severe conditions such as genital warts, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma of cervical epithelial cells. ^[21] Left untreated, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) can progress to invasive cancer; with longterm progression of approximately 10% [2]; risk is highest in those who smoke, have multifocal disease or are immunocompromised [1]. ^[22] Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a premalignant condition of the vulva, which is increasingly becoming common especially during the fifth decade of life. ^[23] The true precursor of cancer associated with lichen sclerosus (LS) is vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), differentiated type. ^[24] Background: The impact of lesion focality and centricity in relation to patient outcome and disease recurrence of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is an understudied area of research, especially in immunocompromised women. ^[25]

vulvar squamous cell

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma arises from precursor lesions: vulvar intraepithelial neoplasias (VIN). ^[1] Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) develops from high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN). ^[2] Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) comprises two distinct etiopathological subtypes: i) Human papilloma virus (HPV)-related VSCC, which arises via the precursor high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL); and ii) HPV-independent VSCC, which arises via precursor, differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), driven by TP53 mutations. ^[3] Histological diagnosis of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), the precursor of human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), can be challenging, as features of dVIN may mimic those of non-dysplastic dermatoses. ^[4] Current clinical and histological classifications are unable to determine the risk of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) in high‐grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), making prognostic biomarkers highly needed. ^[5] dVIN: Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasm LS: Lichen sclerosus VAAD: vulvar acanthosis with altered differentiation vLS: vulvar lichen sclerosus vSCC: vulvar squamous cell carcinoma INTRODUCTION Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, idiopathic inflammatory disorder with a predilection for the vulva, perineum, and perianal skin. ^[6] Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a pre-malignant condition of the vulvar skin that is found in 50% to 70% of patients with vulvar squamous cell cancer and is regarded as a precursor of vulvar tumors. ^[7] Introduction: One major form of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC) is associated with detectable high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and is often accompanied by usual-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). ^[8] For vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), a local excision can be performed, whereas for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), more radical procedures are mandatory. ^[9] Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a precursor to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and is defined histopathologically by the presence of atypia. ^[10] High-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, a precursor lesion to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, is subdivided into 2 types, classic or usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (CVIN) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (DVIN). ^[11] Introduction/Background High-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is the precancerous state of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). ^[12]

squamous cell carcinoma

Objectives: Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is implicated as a precursor to HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (SCCV). ^[1] Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 76 % of vulvar cancer with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia being an important precursor. ^[2] For vulvovaginal ulcerations, the more common etiologies of infection, aphthae, and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia/squamous cell carcinoma must be also considered. ^[3] It is occasionally associated with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) of the differentiated type and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. ^[4]

squamous intraepithelial lesion

• HPV-associated squamous intraepithelial lesions (formerly known as vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia of the usual / classic type) represent the majority (90%) of precursors. ^[1]

grade squamous intraepithelial

In conclusion, HPV-negative intraepithelial cervical precancerous lesions exist, either as highly differentiated keratinized intraepithelial proliferations reminiscent of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, or undifferentiated basaloid intraepithelial lesions with occasional p16ink4a block staining resembling high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. ^[1]

Differentiated Vulvar Intraepithelial

Differentiated dysplasia, known from differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, is hitherto not used in oral dysplasia grading. ^[1] Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is a premalignant lesion that is known to progress rapidly to invasive carcinoma. ^[2] Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) develops from high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN). ^[3] Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) comprises two distinct etiopathological subtypes: i) Human papilloma virus (HPV)-related VSCC, which arises via the precursor high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL); and ii) HPV-independent VSCC, which arises via precursor, differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), driven by TP53 mutations. ^[4] In conclusion, HPV-negative intraepithelial cervical precancerous lesions exist, either as highly differentiated keratinized intraepithelial proliferations reminiscent of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, or undifferentiated basaloid intraepithelial lesions with occasional p16ink4a block staining resembling high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. ^[5] Objectives: Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is implicated as a precursor to HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (SCCV). ^[6] The precursor lesion of this type is differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) usually occurring in postmenopausal women (Bornstein et al. ^[7] Histological diagnosis of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), the precursor of human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), can be challenging, as features of dVIN may mimic those of non-dysplastic dermatoses. ^[8] dVIN: Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasm LS: Lichen sclerosus VAAD: vulvar acanthosis with altered differentiation vLS: vulvar lichen sclerosus vSCC: vulvar squamous cell carcinoma INTRODUCTION Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, idiopathic inflammatory disorder with a predilection for the vulva, perineum, and perianal skin. ^[9] All biopsies were microscopically examined for classic dysplasia (CD) (WHO definition oral epithelial dysplasia) and differentiated dysplasia (DD) known from differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[10] VIN is subdivided into two types, high grade-squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), which differ by pathogenesis and clinical course. ^[11] The most common type occurs in elderly women and leads to mostly differentiated keratinizing VSCC in a background of lichen sclerosus and often differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[12] Although the most recognized form of HPV-independent vulvar lesion is differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, recent explorations have elucidated new precursors. ^[13] Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) associated with intraepithelial neoplastic spread and with usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN) has not been studied. ^[14]

Grade Vulvar Intraepithelial

Current clinical and histological classifications are unable to determine the risk of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) in high‐grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), making prognostic biomarkers highly needed. ^[1] Bolstered by the preclinical foundation he helped build, Melief recently began applying the SLP vaccine approach in the clinic, where the strategy first demonstrated efficacy in patients with HPV16þ high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN3), a form of premalignant disease. ^[2] High-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, a precursor lesion to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, is subdivided into 2 types, classic or usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (CVIN) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (DVIN). ^[3] Results: Gynecological examination and biopsy revealed high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) positive for HPV 16 treated with laser vaporization. ^[4] Introduction: High-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN3) is a common pathologic diagnosis. ^[5] Introduction/Background High-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is the precancerous state of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). ^[6] 0%) usual type high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN, HSIL), 4 (8. ^[7] OBJECTIVES To estimate the frequency of abnormal surveillance cytology leading to high-grade dysplasia after surgical management for high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vulvar cancer and to determine whether prior hysterectomy reduces this risk. ^[8]

Type Vulvar Intraepithelial

Based on our findings, we undertook a phase II randomised control trial (RCT) to evaluate if Veregen® is also effective in the treatment of usual-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN), a pre-malignant lesion associated with high-risk HPV infection. ^[1] Introduction: One major form of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC) is associated with detectable high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and is often accompanied by usual-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). ^[2] P16 immunohistochemistry has been widely used in facilitating the diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related usual type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasm. ^[3] Differentiated-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is a non-human papilloma virus (HPV)-related precursor lesion to vulvar squamous carcinoma. ^[4] AFX: atypical fibroxanthoma dVIN: differentiated-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia UPS: undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma INTRODUCTION The term atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) was first used in 1963 by Helwig et al to indicate a typically nodular ulcerative tumor arising on sun-exposed skin of the head and neck of the elderly. ^[5]

Background Vulvar Intraepithelial

Introduction/Background Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is termed premalignant situation of the vulva. ^[1] Introduction/Background Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia’s (VIN) comprise a heterogeneous disease entity and have an ambiguous vulvar squamous cancer (VSCC) risk. ^[2]

Squamou Vulvar Intraepithelial

No standard screening programs are manageable to detect vulvar carcinoma or its precursor lesions, and therefore gynecologists, dermatologists, and other healthcare providers in the field of vulvar disorders should be aware of the clinical features, behavior, and management of the premalignant vulvar lesions, squamous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). ^[1] Therefore, the gynecologists, dermatologists, and other healthcare providers in this field should be familiar of the clinical features and detection of the different premalignant vulvar lesions: squamous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, vulvar Paget disease, and melanoma in situ. ^[2]

Exophytic Vulvar Intraepithelial

AIMS We aimed to characterize a large cohort of non-invasive, HPV and p53-independent verruciform lesions, such as "vulvar acanthosis with altered differentiation" (VAAD), "differentiated exophytic vulvar intraepithelial lesion" (DEVIL) and "verruciform lichen simplex chronicus" (vLSC). ^[1] Differentiated Exophytic Vulvar Intraepithelial Lesion (DEVIL) has been characterized as a precursor in this latter category. ^[2]

vulvar intraepithelial neoplasium

• HPV-associated squamous intraepithelial lesions (formerly known as vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia of the usual / classic type) represent the majority (90%) of precursors. ^[1] Differentiated dysplasia, known from differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, is hitherto not used in oral dysplasia grading. ^[2] Background Usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN) is a premalignancy caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly type 16. ^[3] This study examined the expression of LAG-3 and GAL-3 alongside programmed cell death ligand-1 expression in invasive SCC and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) by immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. ^[4] Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is a premalignant lesion that is known to progress rapidly to invasive carcinoma. ^[5] Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) develops from high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN). ^[6] Importance Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) represents an increasingly common, yet challenging diagnosis that shares many common risk factors with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[7] This systematic scoping review and meta-synthesis aimed to compare and contrast the experience of body image in the benign conditions of endometriosis, polycystic ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[8] Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) comprises two distinct etiopathological subtypes: i) Human papilloma virus (HPV)-related VSCC, which arises via the precursor high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL); and ii) HPV-independent VSCC, which arises via precursor, differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), driven by TP53 mutations. ^[9] In conclusion, HPV-negative intraepithelial cervical precancerous lesions exist, either as highly differentiated keratinized intraepithelial proliferations reminiscent of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, or undifferentiated basaloid intraepithelial lesions with occasional p16ink4a block staining resembling high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. ^[10] Objectives: Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is implicated as a precursor to HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (SCCV). ^[11] The precursor lesion of this type is differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) usually occurring in postmenopausal women (Bornstein et al. ^[12] However, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and chronic lichen sclerosus were apparent. ^[13] CONCLUSIONS VaIN can occur alone or be concomitant with cervical or vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[14] 1–3 Other diagnoses to consider in presentations similar to our patient’s include skin tags, condylomata, molluscum contagiosum, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and acquired lymphagiectasia. ^[15] Histological diagnosis of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), the precursor of human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), can be challenging, as features of dVIN may mimic those of non-dysplastic dermatoses. ^[16] Current clinical and histological classifications are unable to determine the risk of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) in high‐grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), making prognostic biomarkers highly needed. ^[17] 2) Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (0. ^[18] All biopsies were microscopically examined for classic dysplasia (CD) (WHO definition oral epithelial dysplasia) and differentiated dysplasia (DD) known from differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[19] Here, we set out to examine the consequences of EGCG treatment on the growth of HPV18-immortalised foreskin keratinocytes (HFK-HPV18) and an authentic HPV18-positive vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) clone, focusing on its ability to influence cell proliferation and differentiation and to impact on viral oncogene expression and virus replication. ^[20] Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), a precancerous lesion, is difficult to treat by excision or ablation due to high recurrence rates. ^[21] Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 76 % of vulvar cancer with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia being an important precursor. ^[22] Based on our findings, we undertook a phase II randomised control trial (RCT) to evaluate if Veregen® is also effective in the treatment of usual-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN), a pre-malignant lesion associated with high-risk HPV infection. ^[23] Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a pre-malignant condition of the vulvar skin that is found in 50% to 70% of patients with vulvar squamous cell cancer and is regarded as a precursor of vulvar tumors. ^[24] Introduction: One major form of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC) is associated with detectable high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and is often accompanied by usual-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). ^[25] The high prevalence of the HR-HPV in apparently benign lesions shows that warts should have histological analysis to exclude vulvar cancer and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[26] In the wide local excision of the scar specimen, 11 patients (46%) had no residual disease left, 8 patients (33%) had only vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VINIII), 4 patients (17%) had carcinoma in situ with focal invasion and 1 patient (4%) had invasive carcinoma within the second specimen, resected with clear margins. ^[27] Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia on the background vulvar LS without co-existing carcinoma was found being of both types in 1. ^[28] For vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), a local excision can be performed, whereas for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), more radical procedures are mandatory. ^[29] For vulvovaginal ulcerations, the more common etiologies of infection, aphthae, and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia/squamous cell carcinoma must be also considered. ^[30] Bolstered by the preclinical foundation he helped build, Melief recently began applying the SLP vaccine approach in the clinic, where the strategy first demonstrated efficacy in patients with HPV16þ high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN3), a form of premalignant disease. ^[31] SCC in the genital region in particular is recognized to be caused by HPV infection, and intraepithelial lesions of the penis and vulva are termed penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), respectively. ^[32] VIN is subdivided into two types, high grade-squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), which differ by pathogenesis and clinical course. ^[33] Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a precursor to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and is defined histopathologically by the presence of atypia. ^[34] It is occasionally associated with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) of the differentiated type and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. ^[35] High-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, a precursor lesion to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, is subdivided into 2 types, classic or usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (CVIN) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (DVIN). ^[36] 1 It primarily affects post-menopausal women; its precursor lesions are vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), in particular the "differentiated" subtype, and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. ^[37] The most common type occurs in elderly women and leads to mostly differentiated keratinizing VSCC in a background of lichen sclerosus and often differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[38] Vulvar smear cytology revealed intermediate vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and patient underwent wide excision biopsy. ^[39] Preliminary data on patients with pre-existing anogenital warts, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is promising. ^[40] Results: Gynecological examination and biopsy revealed high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) positive for HPV 16 treated with laser vaporization. ^[41] Differentiated-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is a non-human papilloma virus (HPV)-related precursor lesion to vulvar squamous carcinoma. ^[42] Results We assessed benign vulvar lesions such as folliculitis, condylomata acuminatum, lichen sclerosus and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. ^[43] Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is a chronic precancerous condition of the skin of the vulva, with different malignant potential and clinical course. ^[44] Imiquimod has been proven to be effective in the regression of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). ^[45] Although the most recognized form of HPV-independent vulvar lesion is differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, recent explorations have elucidated new precursors. ^[46] Introduction/Background Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is termed premalignant situation of the vulva. ^[47] Introduction: High-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN3) is a common pathologic diagnosis. ^[48] No standard screening programs are manageable to detect vulvar carcinoma or its precursor lesions, and therefore gynecologists, dermatologists, and other healthcare providers in the field of vulvar disorders should be aware of the clinical features, behavior, and management of the premalignant vulvar lesions, squamous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). ^[49] Introduction/Background High-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is the precancerous state of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). ^[50]

vulvar intraepithelial lesion

Vulvar intraepithelial lesions are a heterogenic group of diseases, which can be easily misdiagnosed. ^[1] Vulvar intraepithelial lesion was the risk factor of anal precancerous lesions (χ2=4. ^[2] AIMS We aimed to characterize a large cohort of non-invasive, HPV and p53-independent verruciform lesions, such as "vulvar acanthosis with altered differentiation" (VAAD), "differentiated exophytic vulvar intraepithelial lesion" (DEVIL) and "verruciform lichen simplex chronicus" (vLSC). ^[3] Differentiated Exophytic Vulvar Intraepithelial Lesion (DEVIL) has been characterized as a precursor in this latter category. ^[4] Five to eighteen percent of biopsies of vulvar intraepithelial lesions can have unsuspected stromal invasion on the final specimen. ^[5]

vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma arises from precursor lesions: vulvar intraepithelial