Introduction to Vaccine Induced Antibody

In conclusion, we have developed an assay that has proven its clinical relevance in the large-scale evaluation of effective neutralizing antibody responses to VOC after natural infection and that can be applied to the characterization of vaccine-induced antibody responses and of the potency of human monoclonal antibodies.

Methods: This ongoing, Pan-India, Cross-sectional, Coronavirus Vaccine-induced Antibody Titre (COVAT) study is being conducted amongst HCW, with or without past history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that escape convalescent and vaccine-induced antibody responses has renewed focus on the development of broadly protective T cell-based vaccines.

One-Sentence Summary mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced antibody responses are a mechanistic correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHP.

While antigen dose had some effect on Fc-effector profiles, both antigen dose and boosting significantly altered overall titers, neutralization and Fc-effector profiles, driving unique vaccine-induced antibody fingerprints.

In conflict with this process is the ability that many viruses have to mutate their antigens to escape infection- or vaccine-induced antibody memory responses.

In this study, vaccine-induced antibody levels were compared with the antibodies developed in naturally infected HCWs.

Vaccine-induced antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S) were assessed in serum using the semi-quantitative Elecsys Anti-SARSCoV-2 immunoassay (Roche).

Protective HPV vaccine-induced antibody titres can be detected up to 12 years after vaccination.

ACOV2S showed absence of any baseline noise indicating high specificity detecting vaccine-induced antibody response.

Both antigen dose and boosting significantly altered neutralization titers and Fc-effector profiles, driving unique vaccine-induced antibody fingerprints Combined differences in antibody effector functions and neutralization were associated with distinct levels of protection in the upper and lower respiratory tract.

These results have implications for understanding natural and vaccine-induced antibody-mediated protective immunity to malaria.

Our results provide insights into the dynamics-driven mechanisms of immunogenicity associated with coronavirus S proteins, and present a new approach to characterize and screen potential mutant candidates for immunogen design, as well as to characterize emerging natural variants that may escape vaccine-induced antibody responses.

Here, we compared monocyte enzymatic function, innate and adaptive immune cell phenotype, and vaccine-induced antibody responses between HEU and HUU infants.

Methods A Pan-India, Cross-sectional, Coronavirus Vaccine-induced Antibody Titre (COVAT) study was conducted that measured SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike binding antibody quantitatively, 21 days or more after the first and second dose of two vaccines in both severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) naïve and recovered HCW.

For the first time in the history of vaccination, a global immunization program has started at a time of intense pandemic activity characterized by high virus transmission, facilitating selection of variants potentially able to escape the vaccine-induced antibody response.

Yet, the kinetics and compositional patterns of vaccine-induced antibody responses to the original strain and emerging variants of concern remain largely unknown.

Thus, we have developed an assay that can evaluate effective neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants of concern after natural infection and that can be applied to characterize vaccine-induced antibody responses or to assess the potency of monoclonal antibodies.

We investigated the mRNA vaccine-induced antibody responses against the referent WIV04 (Wuhan) strain, circulating variants, and human endemic coronaviruses in 168 naïve and previously infected people at three-time points.

Results showed that housing mice and rats in either conventional (non-controlled) or specific pathogen-free (SPF, sterile barrier maintained) environment did not affect vaccine-induced antibody responses against oxycodone and fentanyl, nor their efficacy against oxycodone- and fentanyl-induced antinociception, respiratory depression, and bradycardia.

Within the trial, we evaluated for the first time the potential impact of malaria and helminth infection on vaccine-induced antibody responses in Tanzanian girls.

Objective: To determine whether adverse effects caused by vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine are associated with the magnitude of vaccine-induced antibody levels.

It is unclear how vaccine-induced antibody levels quantitatively compare to the wide spectrum induced by natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with vaccine-induced antibody response.

Plasma total immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes (IgY, IgM, IgA) levels and vaccine-induced antibody titers against NDV, IBV, and AMPV were determined from 2 to 18 weeks post-infection (wpi).

Studying bNAb development during natural HIV-1 infection can inform vaccine design, however, it is unclear to what extent vaccine-induced antibody responses to Env are comparable to those induced by natural infection.

Results Vaccine-induced antibody titers were equivalent in pregnant and lactating compared to non-pregnant women (median [IQR] 5.

While antigen dose had some effect on Fc-effector profiles, both antigen dose and boosting significantly altered overall titers, neutralization and Fc-effector profiles, driving unique vaccine-induced antibody fingerprints.

We conducted a single center prospective study to identify the clinical and immunological features associated with vaccine-induced antibody response in 53 participants before and after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.

Using MVA-HIV vaccination of WT and IFNAR1–/– mice as a model, we report that type I IFN signaling promotes humoral immunity in MVA vaccination, including vaccine-induced antibody, B-cell, and Tfh responses.

Recently, SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, some of which have shown decreased susceptibility to neutralization by vaccine-induced antibody, most notably the B.

Methods: A Pan-India, Cross-sectional, Coronavirus Vaccine-induced Antibody Titre (COVAT) study was conducted that measured SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike binding antibody quantitatively, 21 days or more after the first and second dose of two vaccines in both severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) naive and recovered HCW.

Here we report SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibody and T cell responses in patients treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF), a commonly used biologic in inflammatory diseases, compared to patients treated with vedolizumab, a gut-specific antibody targeting integrin a4b7 that does not impair systemic immunity.

Based on these results, we built a scoring model to quantify the inflammation reactions and found that the high score of ISAR indicates the strong vaccine-induced antibody level.

The vaccine-induced antibody responses of both receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG and neutralizing antibodies were assessed in all patients, with a positive antibody response being defined as the presence of either IgG anti-RBD or neutralizing antibodies.

Vaccine induced antibody responses against divergent group 2 hemagglutinins, nucleoprotein and matrix protein 1 as well as robust T-cell responses to the nucleoprotein and matrix protein 1 were detected.

These data indicate that the vaccine induced antibody affinity maturation in both HIV+ and HIV- men and will likely result in long-term protective immune responses.

Indeed, the AJP001‐Ang II vaccine induced antibody production against Ang II in BALB/cA mice but not in C57BL/6 mice.

We show that one dose of the pandemic vaccine induced antibody responses sufficient for providing seroprotection and that the vaccine induced T cell responses.

However, the vaccine induced antibody showed 10-fold (peak) and 32-fold (prechallenge) weaker binding to the challenge virus (SHIV1157ipd3N4) V1V2 and failed to bind to the challenge virus V2 HS due to a single amino acid change.

The results of this study demonstrated that CDNs induced differential innate activation and enhanced vaccine induced antibody responses in both young and aged mice.