Introduction to Vaccine Immunogenicity

This overview, together with the published efficacy data in the prevention of herpes zoster and the vaccine immunogenicity, provides useful medical information and supports the use of the recombinant zoster vaccine in an immunocompromised population at an increased risk of herpes zoster.

Here, we provide a promising approach to improve DNA vaccine immunogenicity for protecting common carp from A.

The formulation of delivery systems to specifically target mannose receptors, which are overexpressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs), is considered a suitable strategy to improve the DNA vaccine immunogenicity.

Influenza has good treatment options and prevention strategies, although these are hampered by resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors and lower vaccine immunogenicity in the transplant population.

Liver transplant (LT) recipients are at risk for lower vaccine immunogenicity and were not included in the registration trials.

This study aimed to assess the qualitative SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity among PLWH after vaccination.

Relevant preclinical non-human primate models used for testing HCMV vaccine immunogenicity are rhesus and cynomolgous monkeys.

This study investigates influenza vaccine immunogenicity among participants who had been monitored for 9 years for clinical influenza infection or seroconversion.

In this study, rats were immunized with fractional-dose of Sabin-derived IPV combined with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP-sIPV) intradermally with hollow microneedle devices called MicronJet600 and the vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy were evaluated and compared with those of full-dose intramuscular immunization.

These in turn may augment or antagonize vaccine immunogenicity.

Influenza VLPs are non-infectious nanoparticles that can elicit effective vaccine immunogenicity in hosts.

Randomized controlled trials for COVID-19 vaccines included few patients with kidney disease, therefore vaccine immunogenicity is uncertain in this population.

From an efficacy standpoint, it is likely that some of these DMARDs will diminish COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity, raising the need to study these practical questions as soon as possible.

However, data on vaccine immunogenicity are needed for the 40 million people living with HIV (PWH), who may have less functional immunity and more associated co-morbidities than the general population.

Methods: Using published immunogenicity data of the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine, we examined the value of tailored-dose vaccination strategies, using a modeling approach that incorporates age-related vaccine immunogenicity, social contact patterns, population structure, Covid-19 case and death rates in the U.

While the effect of RNA on vaccine immunogenicity is well studied, the role of biomaterials in saRNA vaccine effectiveness is under investigated.

Various factors can influence vaccine immunogenicity, with obesity being one factor implicated in varied responses.

In this vaccine immunogenicity study in mice, we examined key variables of responses to a P.

However, to be useful as a flavivirus prophylactic vaccine platform in humans, a method would need to be found to enhance DNA vaccine immunogenicity without the need for the cumbersome and expensive equipment involved with electroporation.

Rituximab has the most substantial impact on vaccine immunogenicity, which is most profound when vaccinations are given at shorter intervals after rituximab dosing.

Characterizing the impact of the vaccination schedule on the induction of B and T cell immune responses is critical for improving vaccine immunogenicity.

The secondary outcome was vaccine immunogenicity.

To fill the data gap for vaccine immunogenicity in NH residents, we examined antibody levels after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to spike, receptor binding domain (RBD) and for virus neutralization in 149 NH residents and 111 health care worker controls.

Using these inherently nonimmunogenic vehicles we can tailor the vaccine immunogenicity by inclusion of co-formulated adjuvants such as oligodeoxynucleotides with CpG motifs (CpG-ODN).

Background Strategies to increase nucleic acid vaccine immunogenicity are needed to move towards clinical applications in oncology.

Background Data on vaccine immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 are needed for the 40 million people globally living with HIV who might have less functional immunity and more associated comorbidities than the general population.

This leads to activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells for elimination of cancer cells, and it establishes the feasibility to combine cancer vaccine with HMAs to enhance vaccine immunogenicity.

We assessed vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy in both mice and non-human primates (NHPs).

OBJECTIVES We aimed to quantify real-world vaccine immunogenicity in ocrelizumab recipients.

Future studies should focus on better understanding of the cellular immune response to vaccination and strategies to enhance vaccine immunogenicity in pediatric SOT patients.

LPD could significantly enhance pandemic influenza 2009 H1N1 vaccine immunogenicity and protective efficacy as compared with needle-based intradermal delivery in murine models.

Although circulating antibodies induced by vaccination are believed to be the main mediators of protection against infection, evaluation of avidity of antibodies and memory B cell responses are critical for a better understanding of the vaccine immunogenicity mechanisms.

However, both immunosuppressive treatment and IBD can affect its vaccine immunogenicity.

The section on Influenza presents a review of determinants of vaccine immunogenicity (Wen, p 2706), a survey of vaccine coverage in Belgian HCWs (Samyn, p 2719), and a commentary on the vaccination of pregnant women (Maltezou, p 2723).

To improve HIV-1 vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy, we recently evaluated pox-protein vaccination using a next generation liposome-based adjuvant, Army Liposomal Formulation adsorbed to aluminum (ALFA), in rhesus monkeys and observed 90% efficacy against limiting dose mucosal SHIV challenge in male animals.

These assays can be used to assess viral tropism, vaccine immunogenicity, efficacy of antiviral compounds (incl.

However, further clinical trials should be done to better understand how various factors can influence vaccine immunogenicity as the presence of virus mutations, age factors, and the presence of an immunocompromised state.

Alternative VLP or nanoparticle platforms that reduce the amount of scaffold antigen and increase the amount of the target CSP antigen present in particles may enhance vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy.

These NA viral pseudotypes (PV) possess stable NA activity and can be utilized as target antigens in in vitro assays to assess vaccine immunogenicity.

Use of low-dose prednisolone or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs did not significantly impact on vaccine immunogenicity, although there was anecdotal evidence of reduced immunogenicity in patients receiving high-dose prednisolone/methylprednisolone and pulse cyclophosphamide.

To improve oral subunit vaccine immunogenicity and to prevent the state of oral tolerance, application of mucosal adjuvants might be a promising approach.

PubMed and EMBASE were searched up to 4 January 2021 to identify studies of vaccine immunogenicity in patients treated with anti-CD20 therapy, including patients with hematologic malignancy or autoimmune disease.

Interassay and interlaboratory validation and standardization of assays will support efforts to better understand antibody kinetics and longevity of humoral immune responses postillness, surrogates of immune protection, and vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy.

Expert opinion Adjuvants are used as a part of vaccine formulation to boost vaccine immunogenicity and antigen delivery.

Methods: We conducted a prospective assessment of mRNA-based vaccine immunogenicity in 133 adults with CIDs and 53 immunocompetent controls.

Dialysis patients are at risk for lower SARS-CoV-2-vaccine immunogenicity than the normal population.

There is a growing scientific interest in vaccine adjuvants that enhance vaccine immunogenicity.

The mean fold antibody increase (MFI), seroprotection rate (protection rate, PR), and seroconversion rate (response rate, RR) were calculated to assess vaccine immunogenicity.

Vaccination may be important for infection prevention, but there are limited data on vaccine immunogenicity in this population.

The Hepatitis segment reports on Band T-cell receptor profiles following HBV vaccination of adults (Zhao, p 3203), predicting Hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity in hemodialysis patients (Feng, p 3214), and bibliometric trends in hepatitis A research (Ahmad, p 3221).

Serological methods are employed to evaluate vaccine immunogenicity prior to licensure.

A prolonged primary series, with month 6 dose, significantly improved vaccine immunogenicity both post-primary series and longitudinally on annual titers.