Introduction to Two Photon Laser

What is/are Two Photon Laser?

Two Photon Laser - Two-photon lasers use near-infrared pulse lasers that are less invasive and permit deep tissue penetration. ^[1] In neuroscience the use of a microelectrode array allows the detection of neuroelectric signals with high temporal resolution in a confined space within the tissue, while two-photon laser scanning microscopy provides high spatial resolution in a wide region of interest. ^[2] Here, we use conventional two-photon laser scanning and diffraction-limited, high-speed spot two-photon imaging to resolve AP-evoked calcium dynamics in the AIS with high spatiotemporal resolution. ^[3] This is realized by combined dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (DP-CARS) and two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of CO. ^[4] The evaluation was performed by measurement of metabolic activity, viability, quantification of two-photon laser scanning microscopy and measurement of the proangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor in the supernatant. ^[5] The results of two-photon laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that PAHs were mainly distributed in the vascular cylinder, epidermal cells, vascular bundles, epidermis and vein tissues, and this was independent of As speciation and treatment. ^[6] Various trials using upconversion NPs, two-photon lasers, X-rays, and bioluminescence have provided clues for efficient methods of light delivery to deep tissue. ^[7] The use of biomaterials allows for the generation of active biophysical signals for directing SCs fate through 3D micro-scaffolds, such as the one named “Nichoid”, fabricated with two-photon laser polymerization with a spatial resolution of 100 nm. ^[8] This protocol describes a novel technique to investigate the microcirculation dynamics underlying the pathology in the small intestine of neonatal mice using two-photon laser-scanning microscopy (TPLSM). ^[9] This work may be of significance for its potential applications in TPF detection and two-photon laser. ^[10] The integration of photochromism into thiol-ene photo-clickable resins enables rapid two-photon laser processing of highly complex microstructures and facile postmodification using a series of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct (DASA) photoswitches with different excitation wavelengths. ^[11] Formation of brain metastases was followed by repetitive two-photon laser scanning microscopy. ^[12] Experimental verifications were performed using two-photon laser direct writing, and chiral imaging in the infrared wavelength range of 3–5 µm was successfully realized via lock-in thermography. ^[13] Here, we examined the effect of capillary stimulation with PGE2 on upstream arteriolar diameter using an ex vivo capillary-parenchymal arteriole preparation and in vivo cerebral blood flow measurements with two-photon laser-scanning microscopy. ^[14] The second method involved a two-photon laser confocal scanning microscope to selectively irradiate the photoresponsive DNA probes confined in single living cells via two-photon irradiation (λ = 740 nm). ^[15] Two-photon laser polymerization (TPP) is a state-of-the-art technology that allows for the submicron-resolution printing of freeform 3D objects to be harnessed in various applications, including physics, biology, medicine, and materials science. ^[16] Herein, we transform a recently designed horizontal Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic system into a two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) system that measures the edge neutral density of the plasma in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). ^[17] The purpose of the present study is to check if the diameters measured from large-scale angiographic image data of two-photon laser scanning fluorescent microscopy (2PLSM) are correctly determined with a custom-written MATLAB software and to investigate how the measurement errors can be reduced, such as at the junction areas of capillaries. ^[18] We exploit two-photon laser writing to fabricate 3D biocompatible proteinaceous microstructures (∼1 to 50 𝜇m in lateral size) with tunable elasticity and photo-thermal activity in the near-infrared. ^[19] The paper proposes to unify the two-photon laser and induced cooperative scattering Raman lasing in which the flying ensemble of two-level excited radiators are coupled with the bimodal cavity field in nonlinear two-photon and scattering interactions. ^[20] It is challenging for stereolithography systems to print submicron features without two-photon lasers. ^[21] The tibialis anterior (TA) muscle microcirculation was imaged using intravenously infused rhodamine b isothiocyanate dextran fluorescent dye via two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) and dye extravasation at 3 and 7 days post-AL quantified to assess microvascular permeability. ^[22] Two-photon laser scanning microscopy revealed that enforced Etv2 expression restored normal vessel morphology after 5-FU mediated vessel injury. ^[23] In summary, the proposed two-photon laser based fabrication platform serves as robust toolkit for the preparation of accurate RPS pore constructs. ^[24] Recent studies, using state-of-the-art technologies, including sophisticated in vivo inducible genetic approaches in combination with two-photon laser scanning microscopy, allow the follow-up of endogenous hematopoietic stem cells' behavior in their habitat. ^[25] In this work, the two-photon laser-induced fluorescence technique (TPLIF) was applied to measure the concentration profile of atomic hydrogen in low-pressure laminar premixed flames. ^[26] The performance of quasi-spherical gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to cause cell damage, as irradiated by a two-photon laser, is studied. ^[27] Laser sources for photoacoustic microscopy, photoacoustic tomography, and optical coherence tomography will be developed to enable the design of a two-photon laser scanning optical coherence photoacoustic microscopy system and an optical coherence photoacoustic tomography system. ^[28] Two-photon laser scanning microscope (TPLSM) provides outstanding optical three dimension section properties and it has been widely used in fundamental science and biomedical application. ^[29] In this work, the second harmonic generation was investigated in colloidal solution of CdSe nanoplatelets with two and three monolayers of CdS shell in the case of the two-photon laser excitation of the light-hole – electron transition (1lh-e). ^[30] Atomic oxygen is measured via femtosecond, Two-Photon Laser Induced Fluorescence (fs-TPLIF) to avoid photolytic interference. ^[31] Importantly, Ru-OTE can be directly photo-activated using a two-photon laser (800 nm) for efficient drug release and near-infrared PDT. ^[32] By combining two-photon laser ablation of the inferior olive (IO) and long-term non-invasive imaging of “the whole brain” at a single-cell resolution, we succeeded in visualization of the morphological changes occurring in the IO neuron population and showed at a single-cell level that structural remodeling of the olivocerebellar circuit occurred in a relatively short period. ^[33] In this paper, we discuss a new prospective of chaotic behaviors of a two-photon laser with multi-intermediate states. ^[34] We also scaled down these tools in the aim to better control stem cell function in our models, by applying two-photon laser polymerization to fabricate micro scaffolds for cell expansion. ^[35] Using two-photon laser direct writing technology, a metasurface with π/2 phase gradient nanopillar was fabricated on a 170 μm thick borosilicate glass substrate. ^[36] This strategy involves the functionalization of photopolymers before their patterning by two-photon laser writing to fabricate micro- and nanostructures that selectively attract colloidal NPs with suitable ligands, allowing their precise immobilization and organization even within complex 3D structures. ^[37] CO mole fraction is measured by means of quantitative CO two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (CO-LIF) using a temperature dependent calibration acquired in an adiabatic pressurized laminar flame. ^[38] The proposed helical microswimmers are fabricated by 3D nanoprinting technology based on two-photon laser absorption. ^[39] Using repeated long-term in vivo two-photon laser-scanning microscopy (2P-LSM) we followed oligodendrocytes after injury. ^[40] Because the photoactivation leads to fluorescent signals catalytically rather than stoichiometrically, high fluorescence signals, optical sectioning, and high time resolution are achieved simultaneously at modest blue or two-photon laser power. ^[41] In this study, two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) based on the internet of things (IoT) is proposed as a remote research equipment sharing system, which enables the remote sharing economy. ^[42] Here we introduce the photolithographic patterning or two-photon laser scanning confocal microscopy patterning of a series of o-nitrobenzylphosphate ester nucleic acid-based polyacrylamide hydrogel films generating periodically-spaced circular patterned domains surrounded by continuous hydrogel matrices. ^[43] In the present work, the associated mechanism was quantitatively evaluated using two-photon laser induced fluorescence (TALIF) spectroscopy to monitor the thruster waveguide. ^[44] We show that the generation of striped-illumination patterns in two-photon laser scanning microscopy can readily be exploited for achieving optical super-resolution and contrast enhancement using open-source image reconstruction software. ^[45] We consider a two-photon laser in a cascade configuration coupled to an ordinary vacuum reservoir via a partially transmitting mirror. ^[46] The present chapter describes and compares experimental methods such as microdialysis, two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy and positron emission tomography (PET) that can be used for in vivo studies of drug transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). ^[47] Here we present the implementation, application and future prospective of a novel compact two photon laser scanning ophthalmoscope capable of acquiring simultaneous confocal reflectance and two-photon images. ^[48] We show that squeezing in the output for two two photon laser is not visible using coherent as well as incoherent pump. ^[49] Specifically, computed tomography and two photon laser scanning microscopy data are input into the novel synthesis algorithm to build the cortical circulation for the entire mouse brain in silico. ^[50]

two photon laser scanning

Here we present the implementation, application and future prospective of a novel compact two photon laser scanning ophthalmoscope capable of acquiring simultaneous confocal reflectance and two-photon images. ^[1] Specifically, computed tomography and two photon laser scanning microscopy data are input into the novel synthesis algorithm to build the cortical circulation for the entire mouse brain in silico. ^[2] To test this hypothesis, transgenic mice were subjected to unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and then direct pathway SPNs examined in ex vivo brain slices using two photon laser scanning microscopy either one or 2 months afterwards. ^[3] In this study, astrocytic endfeet covering blood vessels were removed by the laser ablation method with two photon laser scanning microscopy in in vivo mouse brain, and the re-covering of blood vessels with the astrocytic endfeet was observed in about half of the cases. ^[4]