Introduction to Tumor Ablation

What is/are Tumor Ablation?

Tumor Ablation - In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that P-TABs display excellent cell lethality and tumor ablation results under 808 nm irradiation. ^[1] This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate whether liver stiffness measurement (LSM) could be used to predict prognosis in HCC patients after tumor ablation. ^[2] Therefore, a task force was organized by the guideline committee of the Asian Conference on Tumor Ablation with the goal of devising recommendations for the clinical use of thyroid RFA. ^[3] Moreover, under irradiation at 630 nm, the fabricated nanostructures exhibited effective synergistic chemo and photodynamic therapy, proved via in vitro MTT assay and tumor ablation in vivo. ^[4] All patients were advised to undergo contrast-enhanced CT after tumor ablation. ^[5] This chapter provides the recent advances in various methods of synthesis and their application in biosensing, imaging, and tumor ablation. ^[6] In addition, some semielective and urgent treatments such as tumor ablations, fistuloplasties, lines and port insertions, angioplasty and stenting for critical limb ischemia have continued, often as day cases procedures, minimizing risk to patients and other hospital staff. ^[7] Even though the Asian Conference on Tumor Ablation (ACTA) has been held for many years, adrenal ablation guidelines have not been established. ^[8] Recently, near-infrared (NIR) absorbing photothermal therapy (PTT) agents, which usually apply for deep-tissue cancer treatment, has gained increasing attention due to deep light penetration and high efficacy in tumor ablation. ^[9] Background This study intends to investigate the immunological effects of tumor ablation with irreversible electroporation (IRE). ^[10] Conclusions BC261 was highly efficient in driving T cell infiltration and tumor ablation. ^[11] 9%) is of significance and could be achieved by manipulating surface decoration with Fe, which results in tumor ablation. ^[12] coli) expressing gas vesicle (GVs) for enhancing the efficacy of tumor ablation by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in tumor-bearing mice. ^[13] Overall, our findings evidence that the resultant PPH, which possesses potential application in tumor ablation in situ, and metal–catechol coordination strategy inspired by mussel adhesion may stimulate biomedical hydrogel development. ^[14] The associated adipofascial component of these flaps can also augment the soft tissue defect left after tumor ablation. ^[15] There is an increasing concern about the accuracy of the thermal simulation during the process of tumor ablation. ^[16] Through tailing intravenous injection into tumor-bearing nude mice, BTN NPs demonstrate outstanding photoacoustic/photothermal/fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy for tumor ablation. ^[17] Interventional neuro-oncology encompasses an array of image-guided therapies-intra-arterial chemotherapy, regional drug delivery, chemoembolization, tumor ablation-along with techniques to improve therapy delivery such as physical or chemical blood-brain barrier disruption and percutaneous catheter placement. ^[18] Focused ultrasound (FUS) tumor ablation techniques represent a novel non-invasive approach to treating cancer. ^[19] When intravenously injected into tumor-bearing mice, the MoS2-PFH-PLLAs exhibit a dual-modal US/CT imaging-guided synergistically therapeutic efficacy under NIR irradiation, resulting in tumor ablation. ^[20] Skeletal muscles represent 40% of body mass and its native regenerative capacity can be permanently lost after a traumatic injury, congenital diseases, or tumor ablation. ^[21] Herein, enlightened by commercial BioGlue (albumin/glutaraldehyde sealant), a biocompatible therapeutic albumin/genipin bioglue is designed for postoperative wound adhesion and tumor ablation. ^[22] A prospective review was performed of patients referred to Firoozgar and Erfan hospitals with oral cavity defects with two or more oral cavity subunits and skin simultaneously involvement and immediate reconstruction using double-skin paddle ALT flap at the same time of tumor ablation from January 2019 to November 2020. ^[23] In addition, the combined HMI and TSI can potentially be used for simultaneous evaluation of safety during tissue elasticity imaging as well as FUS mechanism involved in novel ultrasound applications such as ultrasound neuromodulation and tumor ablation. ^[24] Irreversible electroporation (IRE), a relatively new energy-based tumor ablation technology, has shown itself in the last decade to be able to safely ablate tumors with favorable clinical outcomes, yet little work has been done on optimizing the IRE protocol to variously sized tumors. ^[25] Conclusion: Installation of dental fixtures in the native bone of the lower Jaw after cystic or tumor ablation considered as an excellent Modality for performing oral rehabilitation. ^[26] Antitumor therapy results show that these Cy7-TCF-IMC nanosaucers are highly photoacoustic imaging-guided PTAs for tumor ablation. ^[27] Magnetic nanoparticles have been also designed for utilizing as contrast enhancer agents for magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery systems, and most recently as a therapeutic element in inducing cellular death in tumor ablation therapies. ^[28] In the present study, we used a computational and experimental study in a 3D liver tumor model (LTM) to explore the tumor ablation enhancement of irreversible electroporation (IRE) by pre-heating with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and elucidate the mechanism whereby this enhancement occurs. ^[29] In view of the advantages of non-invasive photothermal therapy (PTT) in the clinical treatment of tumors, such as high efficiency of tumor ablation and less side effects, combination therapy based on PTT has attracted widespread attention. ^[30] At the same time, the degree of tumor ablation was evaluated according to temperature threshold and electric field threshold. ^[31] Electrochemical therapy emerged as a low-cost and effective method for tumor ablation. ^[32] A solid-state linear transformer driver (LTD) has been developed based on push-pull circuit for tumor ablation. ^[33] The second group centers on tumor ablation. ^[34] In this case, we present the use of the new T-1470 LiteTouch™ laser for intraoperative tumor en bloc resection, affording both tissue acquisition and tumor ablation. ^[35] The combination of tumor ablation and immunotherapy is a promising strategy against tumor relapse and metastasis. ^[36] Keeping in mind the interest of the nuclear medicine readers, an update is provided of the current workflows using real-time PET/CT in percutaneous biopsies and tumor ablations. ^[37] Upon NIR laser irradiation, LPHM@DDI NPs exhibited synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing activity in TNBC cells, and effectively suppressed tumor growth and recurrence in TNBC mice through tumor ablation and anti-angiogenesis. ^[38] The intraoral approach for tumor ablation and vascular anastomosis was the most frequent choice in both groups. ^[39] Photodynamic therapy has great potential for tumor ablation and the activation of antitumor immune responses. ^[40] Laser-based tumor ablation stands to benefit greatly from MRI guidance because 3D resection margins alongside thermal distributions can be evaluated in real time to protect critical structures while ensuring adequate resection margins. ^[41] In vitro and in vivo experiments validate that BDP-(NO2)3 NPs can effectively suppress the proliferation of cancer cells and lead to tumor ablation. ^[42] The primary objective of this study was to establish the efficacy via 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) of combining tremelimumab and durvalumab in patients with advanced BTC either alone or with tumor ablation. ^[43] Our aim was to study the HCC recurrence in patients who received directly acting antivirals after tumor ablation. ^[44] In August 2006, we introduced selective feeding artery ablation before tumor ablation to reduce the risk of critical recurrence by blocking tumor blood flow. ^[45] Purpose: To develop an imaging-based 3D catheter navigation system for transbronchial procedures including biopsy and tumor ablation using a single-plane C-arm x-ray system. ^[46] This work aimed to assess the applicability of pulsated steam flow for tumor ablation. ^[47] However, experts’ consensus for Asian patients with renal tumors has not been established, although the Asian Conference of Tumor Ablation (ACTA) has been held for many years. ^[48] Summary Intraductal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is another promising tool in the therapeutic armamentarium for the endoscopic management and tumor ablation of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA). ^[49] Thirty-four hepatic tumors (28 hepatocellular carcinomas, 6 metastases) were prospectively ablated in 16 consecutive patients (64 ± 11 y, 75% males), first simulating B-mode-only planning and then synchronizing computed tomography/magnetic resonance images with US and proceeding to needle insertion and tumor ablation under US-FI guidance. ^[50]

immunogenic cell death

Following NIR-II photoirradiation, CuS enabled the rapid elevation of localized temperature, achieving tumor ablation and induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) as well as disruption of the lipid shell, enabling the precise release of two immune-therapeutical drugs in the tumor region. ^[1] In addition, Ano-3/3s induced tumor ablation in mice through the direct oncolytic effect and subsequent stimulation of immunogenic cell death. ^[2] Upon NIR-II photoirradiation, APNA mediates photothermal effect, which not only triggers tumor ablation and immunogenic cell death but also initiates the cleavage of thermolabile linker to liberate caged agonist for in-situ immune activation in deep solid tumor (8 mm). ^[3]

Complete Tumor Ablation

2 mM-1 s-1 and strong photothermal therapy (PTT) effects with nearly complete tumor ablation under laser irradiation in vivo. ^[1] The high photothermal conversion coefficient and tumor targeting effect of the hybrid nanodots could result in complete tumor ablation efficacy. ^[2] The prepared AlP/CPT-NPs induced potent in vivo phototherapeutic damage through photodynamic-chemotherapy, resulting in complete tumor ablation with metastasis suppression. ^[3] Due to the enhanced incident-light-selective absorption at near-infrared (NIR) region and rapid body clearance capability, chiral MoO3-x show complete tumor ablation within 10 days without apparent in vivo toxicity when enantiomerically irradiated with corresponding circularly polarized NIR laser. ^[4] The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising strategy for complete tumor ablation therapy. ^[5] By using the mild photothermal effect to alleviate tumor hypoxia in the “cold” tumor microenvironment (TME), complete tumor ablation was realized by the mild NIR-II PTT-enhanced deep-tissue SDT. ^[6] The satisfactory efficient tumor treatment and complete tumor ablation using a mono-therapeutic approach are limited owing to the tumor complexity, diversity, heterogeneity and the multiple pathways involved in tumor pathogenesis. ^[7] Complete tumor ablation was achieved in 75% of the patients with 20% Dindo-Clavien III-V adverse events including 6. ^[8] Dual targeting along with laser irradiation could reduce in vitro cell viability by 90 ± 2% (Dox-equivalent dose: 10 µg/ml) and complete tumor ablation was achieved in vivo due to synergetic therapeutic effect. ^[9] The aim of this study was to develop an interventional optical imaging (OI) technique for intraprocedural guidance of complete tumor ablation. ^[10] Notably, the MNP-mediated MHT therapy achieved the highest degree of therapeutic efficacy required for complete tumor ablation by combining controlled temperature range (<44 °C), reduced MNP dosage; much lower than in most reported studies, and AMF parameters (time of exposure and frequency) within the clinical safety limit. ^[11] A higher rate of complete tumor ablation was achieved if the ablation zone was larger than the primary tumor (p = 0. ^[12]

Efficient Tumor Ablation

Under near-infrared laser irradiation, SCFs were confirmed to be capable of inducing low cell viability of RM-1 cells In vitro and displaying efficient tumor ablation with negligible side effects in tumor-bearing mice models. ^[1] With the improving and proper stability for better therapy, the resulting BPQDs@EXO nanospheres (BEs) exhibit good biocompatibility, long circulation time, and excellent tumor targeting ability, hence impressive PTT efficiency evidenced by highly efficient tumor ablation in vivo. ^[2] FePSe3@APP@CCM induces highly efficient tumor ablation and suppresses tumor growth by photothermal therapy under near‐infrared laser excitation, which further activates immune responses. ^[3] Results demonstrated that Tf-5-ALA-PTX-NCs significantly enhanced the targeting drug delivery to MCF-7 cells, synergistically induced apoptosis and death of MCF-7 cells in vitro, and highly efficient tumor ablation in vivo. ^[4] Subsequently, under both stimuli of external red light irradiation and internal lysosomal acidity, nanoreactors can achieve the on-demand release of CPT to augment in situ mitochondrial ROS and highly efficient tumor ablation via phototherapy. ^[5] Moreover, after irradiation under an 808 nm laser, the Bi-Ag@PVP NPs can efficiently induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby synergizing PDT/PTT to exert an efficient tumor ablation effect both in vitro and in vivo. ^[6] Herein, we construct a photothermal (PT)- and autophagy-enhanced ferroptotic therapeutic modality based on MnO2@HMCu2-xS nanocomposites (HMCM) for efficient tumor ablation. ^[7] Near-infrared (NIR)-based nanomaterials that provide efficient tumor ablation for cancer therapy have been reported. ^[8] As a result, the nanogels selectively inhibited MCF-7 (with CD44 receptor and hyaluronidase-1 enzyme) tumor cell growth in vitro, suggesting their therapeutic potential for efficient tumor ablation. ^[9] Backgrounds Profiting from the development of nanomaterials, photothermal therapy (PTT) has been discovered as efficient tumor ablation strategy for breast cancer. ^[10]

Photothermal Tumor Ablation

Furthermore, when paired with near-light irradiation, BPs/G-Rg3@PLGA shows superior controllable CPT therapy synergetic therapeutics, significantly increasing photothermal tumor ablation effectiveness. ^[1] With these unique properties, the NSMN achieves efficient in vivo photoacoustic imaging and photothermal tumor ablation. ^[2] This starPART probe, comprising an Au nanostar core, a Raman molecule layer, and a silica outer layer, draws upon the significant advantages of PA imaging, SERS detection, and photothermal tumor ablation. ^[3] With NIR light illumination, HA-MoS2 conjugates enable highly effective photothermal tumor ablation. ^[4] However, it still remains a crucial challenge to develop efficient photothermal nanoagents with satisfactory photothermal performance and biocompatibility, among which two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin nanosheets have recently been regarded as the promising multifunctional theranostic agents for photothermal tumor ablation. ^[5] Moreover, BP/DTX@PLGA exhibits outstanding controllable chemo-photothermal combinatory therapeutics, which dramatically improves the efficacy of photothermal tumor ablation when combined with near-light irradiation. ^[6] In vivo data reveal that the BV nanoagents selectively accumulate in tumors, locally elevate tumor temperature under mild NIR irradiation, and consequently induce efficient photothermal tumor ablation with promising biocompatibility. ^[7] Therefore, these Au-M nanocomposites have great potential as a novel multifunctional and biocompatible nanoagent for imaging-guided photothermal tumor ablation. ^[8]

Effective Tumor Ablation

Traditional photothermal therapy (PTT) usually requires hyperthermia (greater than50 °C) to mediate effective tumor ablation, which could inevitably induce heating damage to the adjacent normal tissues. ^[1] Despite the development and improvement of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in cancer management, effective tumor ablation strategies are still in need due to high cancer patient mortality. ^[2] Photothermal therapy holds great promise for cancer treatment due to its effective tumor ablation and minimal invasiveness. ^[3] Ultimately, this in vivo antitumor study shows an effective tumor ablation by these nanourchins without affecting the vital organs. ^[4] Highly effective tumor ablation is achieved in a mouse model through PTT and pH/NIR triggered on-demand chemotherapy. ^[5] Importantly, Fenton reaction-independent ferroptosis triggered by photothermal nanozyme achieved effective tumor ablation. ^[6] This simultaneously ensured effective tumor ablation after NIR irradiation and avoided long-term retention and toxicity in vivo. ^[7] Herein, we report a smart size-/morphology-switchable nanodrug that can respond to the acidic TME and near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation for effective tumor ablation and tumor metastasis inhibition. ^[8]

Local Tumor Ablation

Cohort studies investigating local tumor ablation with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have reported a promising overall survival of 26–34 months when given in a multimodal setting. ^[1] BACKGROUND Salvage treatment for local recurrence after prior partial nephrectomy (PN) or local tumor ablation (LTA) for kidney cancer is, as of yet, poorly investigated. ^[2] Introduction: Institutional studies suggested that tumor size (TS) might be an independent predictor of recurrence after local tumor ablation (LTA). ^[3] ABSTRACT Purpose: Local tumor ablation through irreversible electroporation (IRE) may offer a novel therapeutic option for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). ^[4] Focal ablative therapies have been primarily used for local tumor ablation. ^[5]

Percutaneou Tumor Ablation

Our system shows its clinical feasibility to provide the quantitative planning of optimal needle path and intuitive in situ holographic navigation for percutaneous tumor ablation without surgeons' experience-dependence and reduce the times of needle adjustment. ^[1] 2561 Background: Percutaneous tumor ablation is a non-surgical method of tumor destruction that leaves necrotic tumor debris in situ. ^[2] Objective Percutaneous tumor ablation is usually performed using computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US) guidance, although reliable visualization of the target tumor could be challenging. ^[3] The majority of respondents perform complex procedures regularly including transarterial tumor therapy, percutaneous tumor ablation, peripheral arterial interventions, and biliary interventions monthly. ^[4] Aims Real-time monitoring of tissue temperature during percutaneous tumor ablation improves treatment efficacy, leading clinicians in adjustment of treatment settings. ^[5]

Thermal Tumor Ablation

In contrast to hepatocellular carcinoma, minimal-invasive thermal tumor ablation, and in particular stereotactic tumor ablation for small primary cancers or metastases, is not established and data are scarce. ^[1] This effect has been successfully used in drugs transmembrane transport and non-thermal tumor ablation. ^[2] ECT is a non-thermal tumor ablation modality, safe and effective on any type of solid tumor. ^[3] Non-thermal tumor ablation technology based on short pulse strong electric field can overcome the defects of thermal ablation and cryoablation, which provides a new opportunity for the development of tumor therapy. ^[4] These findings may have important clinical relevance in regards to the clinical utility of RF ablation compared to other competitive forms of thermal tumor ablation. ^[5]

Incomplete Tumor Ablation

CONCLUSION 18F-FDG PET/MRI may serve as a promising imaging tool for early detection of viable residual tumors due to incomplete tumor ablation. ^[1] However, this technique is associated with high recurrence rates due to incomplete tumor ablation. ^[2] Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for caudate lobe hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the failure factors of incomplete tumor ablation. ^[3] The potential consequence is the risk of incomplete tumor ablation. ^[4]

Solid Tumor Ablation

Nanomedicine-based photothermal therapy (PTT) has shown encouraging results for solid tumor ablation. ^[1] Owing to the synergistic radicals, it realizes advanced antitumor performance with 91% cell mortality against cancer cells in vitro, and highly efficient hypoxic solid tumor ablation in vivo. ^[2] The use of nano-materials for cancer phototherapy (solid tumor ablation) can cause cell necrosis and apoptosis. ^[3]

Synergistic Tumor Ablation

Remarkably, both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the combination of ITTC NPs and TPZ presented excellent synergistic tumor ablation through photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy with great potential for clinical applications in the future. ^[1] In addition, the temperature elevation induces heat stress, achieving a synergistic tumor ablation effect. ^[2] Furthermore, the functionalized PDA NPs were first demonstrated to overcome the endo/lysosomal barrier for the enhanced cytosolic BTZ drug delivery through NIR-triggered endo/lysosomal release, achieving the integration of NIR-triggered photothermal effect and chemotherapy for synergistic tumor ablation. ^[3]

Guided Tumor Ablation

There is currently no consensus regarding preferred clinical outcome measures following image-guided tumor ablation or clear definitions of oncologic end points. ^[1] The image guided tumor ablation technique irreversible electroporation (IRE) employs high-voltage electrical pulses through the application of several needle electrodes in and around the tumor in order to induce cell death. ^[2] Fast and reliable monitoring of volumetric heat distribution during MRI-guided tumor ablation is an urgent clinical need. ^[3]

Liver Tumor Ablation

Our aim is to assess a new 150 W microwave system for liver tumor ablation. ^[1] To retrospectively assess liver tumor ablation margins using intraprocedural PET/CT images from FDG PET/CT-guided microwave or cryoablation procedures and to correlate minimum margin measurements with local progression outcomes. ^[2] BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Liver tumor ablation is often guided by ultrasound (US). ^[3]

Whole Tumor Ablation

Background It is difficult to achieve whole tumor ablation using percutaneous ethanol ablation therapy (PEAT) due to the limited diffusion of ethanol. ^[1] RFA was done for LrHCCs using either viable tumor alone ablation (VTA) method (VTA: n = 61 in the TACE group and n = 127 in the RFA group) or whole tumor ablation (WTA) method which includes both viable tumor and retained iodized oil or previously ablated zone (WTA: n = 106 in the TACE group and n = 19 in the RFA group). ^[2]

Achieve Tumor Ablation

" The concept is evolving, with modified approaches combining RL and high-dose curative-intent radioembolization (radiation segmentectomy) to achieve tumor ablation. ^[1] Conclusion Collectively, these findings have determined potential therapeutic targets to modulate the TME during PTT and achieve tumor ablation without remission. ^[2]

Following Tumor Ablation

When mandibular defects occur following tumor ablation, trauma, infection, or necrosis, anatomical reconstruction becomes necessary to restore proper form and function. ^[1] Skin cancer and precancerous skin lesions cause significant soft-tissue defects following tumor ablation. ^[2]

Mediated Tumor Ablation

Altogether, this study reveals the utility of Raman-microspectroscopy for fine-tuning safety parameters and precision that can be achieved from PTT mediated tumor ablation in preclinical/clinical application. ^[1] Except for the PTT-mediated tumor ablation, the induction of ICD coupled with the release of tumor antigens could work synergistically with the immunostimulator R837 for inhibiting the primary tumor as well as the metastasis and induce a long-term immune memory effect for tumor inhibition via a vaccine-like function. ^[2]

Excellent Tumor Ablation

This nanoplatform promoted effective near-infrared light-triggered subcellular hyperthermia treatment in vitro and exhibited excellent tumor ablation ability in vivo. ^[1] 29 and excellent tumor ablation capability upon irradiation in vivo in comparison with cisplatin (SER of 1. ^[2]

Cancer Tumor Ablation

Although oral cancer tumor ablation might create ipsilateral maxillary and mandibular defect, fibular flap is popular in mandibular defect reconstruction. ^[1] Although oral cancer tumor ablation might create ipsilateral maxillary and mandibular defect, fibular flap is popular in mandibular defect reconstruction. ^[2]

Focal Tumor Ablation

Focal tumor ablation with ethanol could provide benefits in low-resource settings because of its low overall cost, minimal imaging technology requirements, and acceptable clinical outcomes. ^[1] Results: Forty-seven men with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy (n = 29), primary radiotherapy (n = 15) or focal tumor ablation (n = 3) were included. ^[2]

tumor ablation therapy

Irreversible electroporation therapy (IRE) is a new tumor ablation therapy. ^[1] The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising strategy for complete tumor ablation therapy. ^[2] Magnetic nanoparticles have been also designed for utilizing as contrast enhancer agents for magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery systems, and most recently as a therapeutic element in inducing cellular death in tumor ablation therapies. ^[3] "The Expert Group on Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, The Tumor Ablation Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists, The Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and The Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology" have organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the consensus for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule(GGN). ^[4] Toward medical applications such as a tumor ablation therapy by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), weakly nonlinear propagation of quasi-planar focused ultrasound in a liquid containing many spherical microbubbles is theoretically investigated, especially focusing on thermal effects of microbubble oscillations. ^[5] Histotripsy is an ultrasound-guided, noninvasive, nonthermal tumor ablation therapy that mechanically lyses targeted cells. ^[6]

tumor ablation technique

In situ tumor ablation techniques, like radiotherapy, cryo- and heat-based thermal ablation are successfully applied in oncology for local destruction of tumor masses. ^[1] Focused ultrasound (FUS) tumor ablation techniques represent a novel non-invasive approach to treating cancer. ^[2] The image guided tumor ablation technique irreversible electroporation (IRE) employs high-voltage electrical pulses through the application of several needle electrodes in and around the tumor in order to induce cell death. ^[3] Traditionally one of the biggest challenges with light-based treatment modalities such as photodynamic therapy or different tumor ablation techniques is to determine how much light should be applied to the tissue and how that will be distributed to activate a bio-photonic process or a drug. ^[4] Tumor ablation techniques are categorized into two subgroups: chemical ablation and energy-based ablation. ^[5]

tumor ablation without

Our system shows its clinical feasibility to provide the quantitative planning of optimal needle path and intuitive in situ holographic navigation for percutaneous tumor ablation without surgeons' experience-dependence and reduce the times of needle adjustment. ^[1] Conclusion Collectively, these findings have determined potential therapeutic targets to modulate the TME during PTT and achieve tumor ablation without remission. ^[2] Significantly, by using one intravenous injection of PNOC-PDA/DOX and a single NIR irradiation, the triple therapies of mild PTT, NO gas therapy, and CT achieved complete MCF-7/ADR tumor ablation without skin damage, scarring, and tumor recurrence within 30 days. ^[3]

tumor ablation strategy

Despite the development and improvement of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in cancer management, effective tumor ablation strategies are still in need due to high cancer patient mortality. ^[1] Over the last decade, several tumor ablation strategies have emerged as stand-alone or combination therapies. ^[2] Backgrounds Profiting from the development of nanomaterials, photothermal therapy (PTT) has been discovered as efficient tumor ablation strategy for breast cancer. ^[3]