Introduction to Soft Phase

What is/are Soft Phase?

Soft Phase - Therefore, the compatibility between the hard phase and the soft phase of NIPU was increased, resulting in poor thermal and mechanical properties. ^[1] Additional experiments beyond the glass transition temperature of the polymer reveal a substantial reduction in the modulus of the composite at the rigidity threshold, as the polymer compressibility is increased significantly, confirming the role of the soft phase in rigidity enhancements. ^[2] In this study, the morphology and glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the hard and soft phase are not significantly influenced by the incorporation of MWCNTs. ^[3] It is found that the increase in the soft phase thickness ( L s ) leads to a transition of the coercivity mechanism from nucleation to pinning. ^[4] In fact, they can result in highly nonhomogeneous microstructures often containing defects such as pores or presenting undesirable soft phases or texture. ^[5] We find that for all types of the observed QPOs, the centroid frequencies are independent of energy, while the root mean square (rms) increases with energy; the centroid frequencies of both the HBOs and kHz QPOs increase along the $Z$-track from the top to the bottom of the HB; and the NBOs show soft phase lags increasing with energy. ^[6] Classical novae—the runaway fusion events on the surfaces of white dwarfs—generally have supersoft phases, and it is often stated that the bright steady supersoft X-ray sources seen from white dwarfs accreting mass at a high rate are undergoing steady nuclear fusion1. ^[7] All the characterization techniques used suggested that an increasing ionization degree induces a better phase separation between hard and soft domains, with a lower amount of diisocyanate units dispersed in the soft phase. ^[8] An amphiphilic PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO copolymer (poloxamer) is used as the soft phase of a biocompatible polyurethane matrix. ^[9] Specifically, the PEG-grafted polyurethanes possessed a more pronounced hard/soft phase segregated microstructure, which contributed to improving the mechanical resistance of the polymers. ^[10] With different cooling rates, austenite may transform into martensite, bainite and ferrite, and the volume fraction of soft phases could increase resulting in the softening. ^[11] , was found to lead to an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of soft segments and an increase in the value of the specific heat capacity of the soft phase. ^[12] However, the presence of hard and soft phases within the coating can also lead to the formation of micro-galvanic couplings in aqueous environments leading to some reduction in combined wearcorrosion resistance. ^[13] With the second type of experiments we have obtained the maximum value of heating rate for our system to achieve the nanocrystallization of the magnetically soft phase and avoiding the precipitation of phases that deteriorate the magnetic properties. ^[14] The non-linear behavior of the MW with the composition transformation may be due to different degrees of Fe ion oxidation on the spinel/hexaferrite grain boundaries and strong exchange coupling during the hard and soft phases. ^[15] In addition, the microstructure-level inhomogeneity and incompatible deformation between the hard and soft phases were the main reason for damage. ^[16] The formation of nanocrystalline structure by ball milling is prevented in the Sn rich alloy due to the presence of this soft phase. ^[17] The systematical simulation results facilitate to outline its equivalent configuration: the soft phase dispersing in the hard network matrix. ^[18] Superlow friction mechanism is attributed to the pointlike contact of nano MoS2 additive as soft phase and the excellent diffusion behaviors of nano MoS2 additives in PFPE oil. ^[19] The room temperature hysteresis loops of the samples showed the presence of exchange-coupling between the hard and soft phases of the composite. ^[20] To assess the performance of the bioinspired design, a conventional unidirectional long-fiber composite made with the same amount of hard and soft phases was studied. ^[21] Hardness and Young's modulus of the coatings decreased with increasing Ag additions mainly due to the increase of this soft phase on the microstructure. ^[22] Unlike Christodoulou, we do not consider a ‘soft phase’, and so we regard this material as an elastic medium, capable of both compression and stretching. ^[23] For X-80 steel, a mixture of bainite/martensite at fast and medium cooling rates and ferrite/pearlite at slow cooling rates was obtained and confirmed by microhardness measurements between 340 and 240 HV, whereas, for X-65 steel soft phase such as ferrite was nucleated along with bainite at moderate (15–100 °C s−1) and pearlite at slow cooling rates (3–10 °C s−1). ^[24] However, because the NixAly IMC was a soft phase, the microhardness in interface decreased, significantly. ^[25] X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that P addition decreases crystallinity of hard phase, but further Zr addition increases the amorphous-forming ability of soft phase. ^[26] In order to prove correctness of our approach a set of reverse magnetization curves was simulated for the systems composed of magnetically hard and soft phases. ^[27] The yield ratio of 17-4PH is depended on the microstructure constituents including the type of soft phase and hard phase. ^[28] To achieve further improvement of the applied mechanical properties, in this work, the soft phase of laminated composites was enhanced by alloying with Cu. ^[29] grain sizes of hard and soft phases) and the coercivity has been expressed by the first derivative dγ( x )/d x. ^[30] A structural factor K has been used to describe the contribution of the phase composition and grain size of hard and soft phases to pinning strength. ^[31] Resin pockets are introduced and arranged in specific three-dimensional patterns to mimic the hierarchical distribution of hard and soft phases typical of several biological systems. ^[32] The magnetic reversal starts with the nucleation of the domain wall near the defects or soft phases, which ends by the pinning usually in the same place. ^[33] Here a new concept, using the nucleation field Hns of soft phase as a “detector” to directly and quantitatively characterize/measure the FEC strength across interface and interlayer, is put forward. ^[34] However, balanced toughness and strength have been observed in biomaterials, whose hard and soft phases are arranged into unique and hierarchical architectures. ^[35] Microstructural evolution showed formation of soft phase below the critical size of exchange length in the vicinity of hard phase. ^[36] Increasing amount of the soft phases such as tin and lead caused decreasing in hardness. ^[37] As it was shown, the coupling between the magnetically hard and soft phases results in the two dependent effects: increase of magnetic remanence and decrease of coercive field. ^[38] The room temperature hysteresis loops of the samples showed the presence of exchange-coupling between the hard and soft phases of the composite. ^[39] The results show that the magnetic properties of nanocomposite particles are strongly influenced by the molar ratios of the hard and soft phases and particle size distributions. ^[40] A moderately-strong interface together with a considerable amount of layered soft phase contributes to the generation of multiple-cracking, and thereby greatly toughens the metal−ceramic composite. ^[41] The temperature behavior of the permittivity is related to the magnetic state of the e-Fe2O3 oxide, which undergoes the magnetic transition from the magnetically hard to magnetically soft phase in the temperature range of 80–150 K, indicating the interplay of the e-Fe2O3 magnetic and charge subsystems. ^[42] Moreover, the shape memory mechanism for these SMEPs was concluded: phase separation structures are the base of these SMEPs, and soft phase acts as switching segments, which contributes to shape memory strain of the SMEPs. ^[43] A high throughput research was carried out to increase the BHmax of rare earth permanent magnets and the exchange of coupling between hard and soft phase magnetic materials i. ^[44] Accordingly, the adopted hierarchical design approach (from nanoscale onwards) with a combination of hard and soft phases (to attain an adequate balance between mutually exclusive strength and ductility properties) results in origin of a novel microstructure. ^[45] The symmetrical linear PU structure containing the hexamethylene sequences results in a high degree of ordering and strong superstructures, manifested by a high crystallinity of the PC soft phase and a strong self-assembly of linear hard segments (HS). ^[46] The results reveal that the soft phase with structural defects in A/A nano-multilayers plays a key role in improving plasticity of MG. ^[47] When HSC ≤ 30%, the morphologies before and after are similar, but afterward, many hard blocks are dissolved in the soft phase at the expense of the hard domain fraction. ^[48] The crystal growth of the soft phase has been proved by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) measurements. ^[49] Many novae, both classical and recurrent, have been extensively monitored by Swift throughout their supersoft phase and later decline. ^[50]

Magnetically Soft Phase

With the second type of experiments we have obtained the maximum value of heating rate for our system to achieve the nanocrystallization of the magnetically soft phase and avoiding the precipitation of phases that deteriorate the magnetic properties. ^[1] The temperature behavior of the permittivity is related to the magnetic state of the e-Fe2O3 oxide, which undergoes the magnetic transition from the magnetically hard to magnetically soft phase in the temperature range of 80–150 K, indicating the interplay of the e-Fe2O3 magnetic and charge subsystems. ^[2]