Introduction to Secondary Channel

Research shows that there are few GSM channels available for the assignment of control channels and remaining channels dynamically are available for service as secondary channels users of CR network.

A dual-carrier aggregation allows us to aggregate the secondary channel onto the primary channel when the secondary channel is free before transmission.

Meanwhile, this problem can happen at any time in any severely fading primary-to-secondary channels resulting in very low primary signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and hence ineffective detection of the primary user.

The second part of the model is associated to secondary users (SU), which has also a finite source with exponentially distributed request generation time and it is assumed that the service time at the Secondary Channel Service (SCS) with a single server is exponentially distributed.

Meanwhile, this problem can happen at any time in any severely fading primary-to-secondary channels resulting in very low primary signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and hence ineffective detection of the primary user in a cognitive radio (CR).

Effectiveness of the evaporative cooling systems increases in the case of using a narrow channel width, reducing relative humidity of air entering into secondary channel, utilizing of substances with more wettability factor of surface, and surging in the ratio of air flow velocity in secondary channel to the primary one.

After the collision of the two channels, the stagnation forms in the overlapping region and the secondary channel merges with the main one gradually.

This different mode of activity suggests that (i) E4 was not abandoned but served as a secondary channel, and (ii) that the supply of turbidite material at the site of core MD12-3412 was not related to past changes in summer monsoon strength.

By automatically adapting TV content for publication on secondary channels, we aim to increase user engagement and at the same time reduce the manual effort for broadcasters.

Through the relationship between the total thermal resistance ratio (Rt/Rt0) and pressure drop ratio (ΔP/ΔP0), we define a region named Design Optimization Area (DOA), where the pressure drop ΔP and the total thermal resistance Rt can be both reduced due to the secondary channels.

11ac wide bandwidth operation, interference may exist only on secondary channels.

In this study, the combined effect of secondary channel with hybrid design (SD-RR-SC MCHS) has been analysed numerically.

, secondary channeling), the preparation of nano-SiO2/carbon fiber-reinforced body and its influence on the performance of oil well cement were studied to improve the cement stone and enhance its adaptability to oil well pressure in this study.

The great number of species with agglutinated shells reveals the ongoing draining in mud-flat areas, as well as the establishment of the vegetated high marsh, where the invasive exotic plant Baccharis halimifolia is removing the reed bed ecosystem and filling, blocking and reducing main and secondary channels.

A secondary channel of the Saint George, flowing north of the site, has been elucidated between the 7th century BC and the 7th century AD and could have been used as a natural harbour.

The flow fields are of differently shaped pin fin arrays, with leaf-type branching secondary channels, having a porosity range of 0.

Depending on the state of the secondary channel, the interrupted job is directed to either the server or the orbit.

R5–R8, we propose, form a polarization-insensitive secondary channel tuned to longer wavelengths of light.

This causes a shortage of debit for field irrigation due to water loss in the secondary channel.

Following the analysis section of the first tier of operations, the extracted channels go under a secondary channelisation process to obtain much finer granularity of 31.

Both peptides bind within the RNAP secondary channel, through which NTP substrates enter the RNAP active site, and sterically block trigger-loop folding, which is essential for efficient catalysis by the RNAP.

824 m3s-1 for the secondary channel.

Distribution of larvae showed that the average larval size was smaller in the secondary channel than in the main channel and was also smaller at a shore area with a bare water’s edge than with a vegetated water’s edge.

We evaluate system performance by varying which is the ratio of feedback level in the primary channel to the one in the secondary channel.

This study aimed to evaluate the conveyance efficiency of primary and secondary channels of the irrigation system, as well as to create a water balance model based on the actual water conveyance efficiency.

By splitting the river into a main and secondary channel, these dams significantly impact the river landscape and the way it is used by different stakeholders.

The percentage of damage to the BG-1 Primary Channels and BG-Ka Secondary Channels in the Guakdale Irrigation Network is = 8.

Timbang Deli, Deli Serdang district Sumut province has a total area of 520 Ha and a 5000 meter long secondary channel.

RNA polymerases (RNAPs) contain a conserved ‘secondary channel’ which binds regulatory factors that modulate transcription initiation.

The model allows someone to view, in addition to the main paleochannel, secondary channels, which hardly would be completely identified through a regular core drilling program.

Such an approach could improve the utilization of primary and secondary channels, and QoS of the networks.

The loss of polyP synthesis in a mutant lacking DksA was reversed by deletion of the transcription elongation factor GreA, suggesting that competition between these proteins for binding to the secondary channel of RNA polymerase plays an important role in controlling polyP activation.

The passive role relies on exclusion of anti-backtracking factors from the RNAP secondary channel.

These GPR facies possibly inferred the sedimentary structures of trough cross-bedded, channel-fills, side bar deposit, erosion surface of channel or chute cut-off, secondary channel scours and fills, horizontal sand-bedded and sheet flood sand.

In the Neogene, the axial canyon channel from the Thu Bon River in Vietnam passed through the Lingshui sag, and five stages of secondary channels were developed in the axial canyon channel, where four types of reservoirs with excellent physical properties including the axial sand, lateral accretion sand, natural levee sand as well as erosion residual sand were developed, and lithologic traps or structural-lithologic traps were formed.

Performance assessment of 21 secondary channels was stated as the readiness index of irrigation modernization (IKMI).

Higher Severity of the flow migration and hence more non-uniformity of nanofluid flow rate through the primary and secondary channels was observed at higher Reynolds numbers.

The design variables include the ratio of secondary channel width to microchannel width ɑ, the ratio of half pitch of secondary channel to microchannel width β, and the tangent value of secondary channel angle γ.

The requirement for DksA in repair of nalidixic acid (Nal)‐induced DSBs or for the formation of new origins is not suppressed by a greA deletion mutation, indicating an active role of DksA rather than competition with GreA for insertion into the RNAP secondary channel.

As applied strain increases, deformation becomes more and more homogeneous at the void scale through gradual activation of secondary channels.

Similar effects could be alternatively obtained with the reconnection of the secondary channel with suitable design parameters.

In this study, fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of circular wavy microchannels with tangentially branched secondary channels, were numerically investigated.

Experiments were conducted in a square cross-sectional shock tube having a main channel which splits into two symmetric secondary channels, for three different shock wave Mach numbers ranging from about 1.

Both peptides bind within the RNAP secondary channel, through which NTP substrates enter the RNAP active site, and sterically block trigger-loop folding, which is essential for efficient catalysis by the RNAP.

In these rivers, an average of 25 kilometers were traveled from the coastline up stream to the interior of the territory, including the Tortuguero canals, and other water bodies that connect these rivers, as well as in the most important lagoons and secondary channels.

Regarding the numerical model, the effects of geometry parameters such as proportion of secondary channel to main channel width and intersection angle and also hydraulic conditionals like secondary to main channel discharge ratio and inlet flow Froude number were studied on bed topographical and flow pattern.

Specifically, we first evaluate throughput stability in the case that communication quality of the secondary channel is significantly degraded.

The experiments were conducted on a 10-meter-long Laboratory Flume, with a main channel of 60 cm width and a secondary channel of 30 cm width and a height of 75 cm.

Resacas of the lower Rio Grande River (secondary channels, distributaries, oxbow lakes) are vital freshwater wetlands under intense anthropogenic pressure.

Investigations of aquatic mollusc assemblages were conducted within a semi-natural catchment of a medium-sized lowland river Liwiec in five habitat types: the main Liwiec River channel, its secondary channels and six tributaries, as well as in natural ponds and man-made ditches within the river floodplains.

Although the volume of the exit channel region appears to have stabilised, a secondary channel is starting to form, which suggests that further changes are likely.

I Timbang Deli is 520 Ha of flow area and 5000 meters of secondary channel is located in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province.

We introduce SecuriCast, a method to provide two-factor authentication using WebBluetooth as a secondary channel between an unmodified web browser and the user's smart-phone.

We first studied seed dispersal by drifting macrophytes in the Paraná River main channel (MC), in a high discharge secondary channel (HD) and in two low discharge channels (LD) during an extraordinary flood.

Use of disruptive wall structures like ribs, cavities, dimples, protrusions, secondary channels and other interrupts along with smooth-walled channels with curved flow passages remain the two chief geometrical innovations envisaged for these applications.

In this paper, we explore the time-based cache attack that uses the time feature and cache information as secondary channel information.

The intrinsic RNA proofreading activity of RNAP can be greatly stimulated by Gre factors, which bind within the secondary channel and directly participate in the RNA cleavage reaction in the active site of RNAP.

This paper aims to evaluate the thermohydraulic attributes of a hybrid nanofluid containing graphene–silver nanoparticles in a microchannel heat sink equipped with the ribs and secondary channels.

To properly balance the needs of individual wireless stations (STAs) and the available network capacity, the standard proposes dynamic bandwidth channel access (DBCA) where the wide channel is divided into primary and secondary channel components; and a station needs to contend for the primary channel while it can use the secondary channel without any contention, when it is sensed free.