Introduction to Sars Epidemic

What is/are Sars Epidemic?

Sars Epidemic - In this article, we briefly discussed the lessons learned by the countries which fought the SARS epidemic and which had succeeded in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. ^[1] However, despite the lack of an effective anti-SARS-CoV vaccine and specific antiviral drugs, the strict sanitary procedures proved to be sufficient to stop the SARS epidemic in June 2003. ^[2] According to a number of studies and researches, this article suggests that the virus is very likely to originate from bats and infect an intermediate animal (probably pangolins) in the same way that the SARS epidemic was transmitted from bats to civets before it infect humans, and that of MERS in which the virus wasoriginally passed from bats to camels and then to humans. ^[3] The novel coronavirus SARS CoV-2 responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic and SARS CoV-1 responsible for the SARS epidemic of 2002-2003 share an ancestor yet evolved to have much different transmissibility and global impact1. ^[4] DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Findings suggest community-level exposure to the SARS epidemic had enduring consequences for Chinese older adults' health. ^[5] Moreover, pre-clinical and in vitro studies have shown that PARP1 inhibition may affect viability of several viruses including affecting replication of the SARS-CoV virus, a distant relative of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the one which caused the SARS epidemic of 2002. ^[6] SARS epidemic was followed 10 years later by the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia (in 2012, 2260 cases, 803 deaths [35. ^[7] Previous research during crises has also identified similar findings and factors contributing to resilience were previously explored during the SARS epidemic. ^[8] In 2002, SARS-CoV crossed the species barrier and caused the SARS epidemic that was associated with over 8000 cases. ^[9] METHODS Using data from the 2011 and 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we estimated multilevel regression models of allostatic load in the years after the SARS epidemic among 7735 respondents. ^[10] The first problem is related to the implementation of quarantine and isolation in SARS epidemics and the second validation problem deals with the well-known brachistochrone curve problem. ^[11] The subgenus Sarbecovirus includes two human viruses, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively responsible for the SARS epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic, as well as many bat viruses and two pangolin viruses. ^[12] Rothkopf to describe the explosion of information (and misinformation) associated with the SARS epidemic of 2003 in the Washington Post. ^[13] In this review, after a short introduction into the immunodefensive role of the placenta and viral infections in general, we describe the morphological changes of the placenta in SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women based on our own and other published studies, draw comparisons to the SARS epidemic, and discuss the question of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV‑2 from the mother to the neonate. ^[14] Limited data from the SARS epidemic suggests baseline risk of infection among health care workers may be 10%. ^[15] Strengthened by their experience in using Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) effectively in the management of the SARS epidemic in 2003, the National Health Commission for People's Republic of China published a “Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia” on 3rd March 2020 [1]. ^[16] Prior examples of such diseases would include the SARS epidemic which is not exactly the same as COVID-19 that we're experiencing but some of the same features apply in that it is a corona virus. ^[17] This report was prepared by the Joint Centre for Bioethics at the University of Toronto after Canada’s experience with the SARS epidemic in 2003. ^[18] Since the outbreak of the SARS epidemic in 2003, the Chinese government has increased inputs to bolster the health care system. ^[19] Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that cause a largely viral mediated immune-related syndrome similar to the SARS epidemic. ^[20] ABSTRACT The rate of infectious disease outbreaks has been accelerating over the past two decades, from the SARS epidemic in 2003 to COVID-19 in 2020. ^[21] During any crisis, the industry that suffers the most is hotel industry as it is the most sensitive to crises such as terrorists’ attacks, SARS epidemic, bird flu and COVID-19 pandemic. ^[22] Unlike Indonesia, the implementation of policies carried out in Vietnam is more anticipatory, based on previous experience in dealing with the SARS epidemic in 2003. ^[23] That projection is based on a combination of the experience in ending the SARS epidemic in 2003 with aggressive government actions and the information on the life cycle of the virus. ^[24] Finally, we used a SARS epidemic control as a case study to verify the matrix-based formulation of heterogeneous individual-based epidemic models. ^[25] The SARS-CoV-2 evolved from a virus responsible for the SARS epidemic in 2002. ^[26] Corona is a large family of viruses that cause respiratory infections, from the common cold to the SARS epidemic that broke out in 2003, and now the newest member of the family (SARS-Cov-2) is present in Iran. ^[27] Six articles reported on the COVID-19 pandemic and one on the SARS epidemic. ^[28] Summary: Scientists emphasize that among the preventive measures, hand washing and disinfection, social distancing, the use of personal protective equipment, and surface decontamination are particularly important, which was confirmed in practice during the SARS epidemic. ^[29] However, etiology, microbiology, and genetics in the SARS epidemic, and statistics & numerical data, epidemiology, and prevention & control in the Ebola epidemic were more frequently studied compared with other topics. ^[30] In 2003, the SARS epidemic quickly spread worldwide with a great proportion of those with the disease being associated with hospital-based outbreaks. ^[31] In recent times, hospitals have used a customized HICS structure to coordinate effective responses to public health problems such as the Ebola outbreak in the US and SARS epidemic in Taiwan. ^[32]

acute respiratory syndrome

The pathogen behind COVID-19 has been identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is more close to the previous SARS-CoV responsible for SARS epidemic 2002–2003. ^[1] Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its cousin, SARS-CoV, which was responsible for the SARS epidemic in 2002/2003, use the cellular carboxypeptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as receptor for entry. ^[2] The epidemic, which first started as viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 and is now known as Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), rapidly spread to almost every part of the world and named a pandemic in March 2020 It is well known that psychiatric symptoms and syndromes, especially posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders reach high prevalence values in natural or man-made disasters Especially in infectious disease epidemics where mortality rates are high, patients, those who are quarantined, and the whole society experience very intense mental stress and trauma It is not easy to avoid psychological distress after facing highly fatal illnesses such as Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), or COVID-19 When pandemics turn into a rapid and global disaster, the prevalence values of mental problems reach even higher levels Combating mental disorders not only provides psychological well-being but also affects the course of the epidemic, as these disorders can delay efforts to fight epidemics Mental health complaints increase in healthcare workers as a result of the stress and trauma of working during the epidemic Studies report that during the SARS epidemic, approximately one-fifth of healthcare workers experienced 'significant mental disorders' Medical professionals who develop mental disorders will be less productive, which will weaken the fight against the epidemic Therefore, it is very important to support healthcare professionals Since the COVID-19 outbreak is a relatively recent disaster, epidemiological study results have not yet been published sufficiently However, the results of serious epidemics caused by viruses such as SARS and Ebola have previously been published In this review, information about the psychiatric morbidity expected after COVID-19 is reviewed in the light of the results of studies conducted mainly in previous virus epidemics (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Ilk olarak 2019 yili sonunda Cin'in Wuhan sehrinde bir viral pnomoni olarak baslayan ve simdi Covid-19 olarak bilinmekte olan salgin, hizlica dunyanin hemen her tarafina yayilarak Mart 2020?de pandemi niteligi kazanmistir Dogal veya insan eliyle gerceklestirilen afetlerde basta travma sonrasi stres bozuklugu, major depresyon, anksiyete ve uyku bozukluklari olmak uzere psikiyatrik belirti ve sendromlarin yuksek prevalans degerlerine ulastigi iyi bilinmektedir Ozellikle mortalite oranlarinin yuksek oldugu enfeksiyon hastaligi epidemilerinde hastalar, karantinaya alinanlar ve butun toplum cok yogun bir ruhsal stres ve travma yasarlar Ebola, siddetli akut solunumsal sendrom (SARS) veya COVID-19 gibi yuksek duzeyde olumcul bir hastalikla yuzyuze gelmek durumunda psikolojik distressten kacinabilmeyi hayal etmek cok guctur Pandemiler hizli ve global bir felakete donusurken, ruhsal sorunlarin prevalans degerleri daha da yuksek duzeylere ulasmaktadir Ruhsal bozukluklarla mucadele sadece psikolojik iyi olusu saglamakla kalmaz, bu bozukluklar salgin hastalikla savas cabalarini da geciktirebildigi icin epideminin gidisini de etkiler Salgin sirasinda calismanin stres ve travmasinin bir sonucu olarak saglik calisanlarinda ruh sagligi yakinmalari artar Calismalar SARS salgini sirasinda saglik calisanlarinin yaklasik beste birinde "belirgin ruhsal bozukluklar" goruldugunu bildirmektedir Ruhsal bozukluk gelisen tip profesyonelleri daha az uretken olacaklarindan bu da epidemiyle mucadelenin zayiflamasina yol acacaktir Bu yuzden ozellikle saglik calisanlarinin desteklenmesi onem arzetmektedir COVID-19 salgini gorece yeni bir felaket oldugundan henuz epidemiyolojik calisma sonuclari yeterince yayimlanmis degildir Ancak SARS ve Ebola gibi viruslerin neden oldugu ciddi duzeydeki salginlarla ilgili sonuclar daha once yayimlanmisti Bu derlemede, agirlikli olarak onceki virus epidemilerinde yapilmis calisma sonuclari isiginda COVID-19 sonrasi beklenen psikiyatrik morbidite ile ilgili bilgiler gozden gecirilmektedir (Turkish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Bezmialem Science is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic LTD STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all s ). ^[3] The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic of 2003 was highly concentrated in health care settings and resulted in a high number of health care workers (HCWs) contracting the disease The SARS epidemic has improved our understanding of how trauma impacts frontline HCWs who serve as first responders during an infectious disease outbreak However, our insight into the trajectory of frontline HCWs' morbidity posttrauma continues to be limited, as the majority of the previous work has focused on the short-term or immediate impact of SARS on HCWs, with only a few studies dedicated to the evaluation of its long-term or sustained impact Previous research into the long-term impact of SARS on HCWs spans 1-3 years postoutbreak The present study extends previous research by examining HCWs up to 7 years postoutbreak More specifically, frontline HCWs who contracted and survived SARS were evaluated at 1 year (2004), 4 years (2007), and 7 years (2010) postoutbreak by using a within-participants design Across all three time points, frontline HCWs showed a lack of abatement in clinically significant levels of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology In addition, HCWs reported below average and persistent functional outcomes, such as problems with pain, reduced vitality, and reductions in physical, mental, and social functioning Finally, we report on the particular psychiatric variables from 1 year postoutbreak that are significantly associated with functional debility at 4 and 7 years postoutbreak Findings of this study underscore the importance of understanding the long-term sequelae of infectious disease outbreaks on frontline HCWs, in order to decrease the likelihood of chronic adverse outcomes in this population This information is especially relevant now, given the current global outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (French) L'epidemie de syndrome respiratoire aigu severe (SRAS) de 2003 s'est grandement manifestee dans les milieux de soins de sante, et un grand nombre de travailleurs de la sante (TS) ont contracte la maladie L'epidemie de SRAS a grandement ameliore notre comprehension de l'incidence d'un traumatisme parmi les TS de premiere ligne qui constituent les premiers intervenants durant les eclosions d'une maladie infectieuse Toutefois, nos connaissances sur la trajectoire de la morbidite post-traumatique parmi les TS de premiere ligne restent limitees, car la majorite des recherches anterieures ont porte sur les effets immediats ou a court terme du SRAS sur les TS;quelques etudes seulement etaient destinees a evaluer son incidence soutenue ou a long terme Les recherches anterieures sur les effets a long terme du SRAS sur les TS s'etendaient sur 1 a 3 ans post-epidemie La presente etude pousse plus loin les recherches precedentes en examinant les TS jusqu'a 7 ans apres l'epidemie Plus precisement, les TS de premiere ligne qui ont survecu a une infection au SRAS ont ete evalues a 1 an (2004), a 4 ans (2007) et a 7 ans (2010) apres l'epidemie dans le cadre d'une etude de conception intrasujet Aux trois points, on a constate chez les TS de premiere ligne un manque de reduction des symptomes de depression, d'anxiete et du trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) de niveaux cliniquement significatifs De plus, les TS ont rapporte des resultats fonctionnels inferieurs a la moyenne et persistants, tels que de la douleur, une vitalite diminuee et une diminution du fonctionnement physique, mental et social Finalement, nous rapportons des variables psychiatriques particulieres depuis l'annee 1 post-epidemie, qui sont significativement associees a une souffrance fonctionnelle aux annees 4 et 7 post-epidemie Les resultats de cette etude soulignent l'importance de comprendre les sequelles a long terme des eclosions de maladies infectieuses parmi les TS, afin de reduire les probabilites de problemes chroniques parmi cette population Cette information est particulierement pertinente aujourd'hui etant donne la pandemie de coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement-The present study is one of a few studies that has thus far examined the long-term impact of an infectious disease outbreak on frontline healthcare workers A group of Canadian frontline healthcare workers who contracted and survived SARS were evaluated at 1 year (2004), 4 years (2007), and 7 years (2010) postoutbreak Across all three time points, frontline healthcare workers reported clinically significant levels of anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptomatology, in addition to adverse functional outcomes (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved). ^[4]

2003 Sars Epidemic

During the 2002–2003 SARS epidemic, it was also apparent that ferrets were susceptible to SARS-CoV and could be utilized in vaccine development. ^[1] 2 | P a g e Results It is known from the 2003 SARS epidemic that the critical receptor for SARS-CoV entry into host cells is the angiotensin 2 conversion enzyme (ACE2), the strain involved in the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is similar to the SARS-CoV strain involved in the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic. ^[2] This was predicated to some extent by what was seen when examining T cell responses to infection with the original SARS-CoV causing the 2002/2003 SARS epidemic. ^[3] For reasons yet to be fully understood the COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been significantly more widespread than the 2003 SARS epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-1, despite striking similarities between the two viruses. ^[4] The 2003 SARS epidemic marked a new chapter in disease modelling in Canada as it triggered a national discussion on the utility and uptake of modelling research in local and pandemic outbreaks. ^[5] In contrast to the 1918 flu pandemic, access to published data over the past two decades enabled a comparison of publishing trends between the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and those of the 2003 SARS epidemic, to study changes in thematic foci and societal pressures dictating research over the course of a crisis. ^[6] One of the best kept secrets in global public health is how China achieved the tuberculosis (TB) targets in the United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals (MDG) The MDG’s TB targets were to reduce the prevalence and mortality of TB by 50% between 1990 and 2015 By 2010, China had reduced its TB prevalence and mortality by 65% and 80%, (1−2) which meant China exceeded the MDG targets 5 years before the MDG deadline This impressive achievement helped China to move from a high to a medium TB-incidence country Today, China still has the world’s third highest number of new TB cases each year But when adjusted for population size, it has the lowest TB incidence per capita among the 30 high TB-burden countries (3) In 2015, the global community committed to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), which included two new TB targets — reducing TB incidence and deaths by 80% and 90%, respectively, compared to their 2015 levels (3) World Health Organization (WHO) went further by setting the 2035 END TB targets of reducing TB incidence and deaths by 90% and 95%, respectively (3) WHO estimates that China’s TB incidence in 2015 was around 65 cases per 100,000 population (4) A 90% reduction would bring TB incidence to less than 7 cases per 100,000 population, a level seen in most high-income countries Achieving this will mean that China has eliminated TB as a major public health problem Although the SDG and END TB targets seem difficult to achieve, we can learn from how China achieved the MDG TB targets, which was made possible by China’s renewed commitment to control major infectious diseases following the 2003 SARS epidemic (5) Today, we are in similar situation China is once again impacted by the spread of another coronavirus The country has been strengthening its health system to be more responsive to both current and future pandemics Perhaps TB can once again benefit from the renewed focus on controlling infectious diseases This commentary will discuss how China can apply the lessons and approaches from its COVID-19 response to make progress toward eliminating TB as a major public health problem. ^[7] Unlike the 1918 flu pandemic, access to published data over the past two decades enabled a comparison of publishing trends between the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and those of the 2003 SARS epidemic to study changes in thematic foci and societal pressures dictating research over the course of a crisis. ^[8] The COVID-19 pandemic was heralded by the 2003 SARS epidemic which led to the discovery of human and civet SARS-CoV-1, bat SARS-related-CoVs, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-related bat CoV HKU4 and HKU5, and other novel animal coronaviruses. ^[9] It is a deadly virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, with high sequence similarity to the 2003 SARS epidemic coronavirus 1. ^[10]

Previou Sars Epidemic

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-C0V-2 virus, was initially considered and managed in a similar manner to the previous SARS epidemic as they are both caused by coronaviruses. ^[1] The third aspect was meeting the need for self-esteem, and the reason included Taiwan's previous SARS epidemic prevention experience. ^[2] In the previous SARS epidemic, NOH was identified as an independent risk factor for mortality, even prior to steroids with the persistence of overt diabetes in 10% of patients at 3 years followup. ^[3]

2002 Sars Epidemic

The appearance of a novel coronavirus in late 2019 radically changed the community of researchers working on coronaviruses since the 2002 SARS epidemic. ^[1] 5 g) first gained prominence during the 2002 SARS epidemic. ^[2]