Introduction to Sars Cov 2 Epidemic

Conclusions: These results suggest that, between January and March 2021, the restriction conditions were effective but unable to stop SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

Dear Editor, The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic once again demonstrates that RNA viruses, through mutations, genetic recombination and cross-species transmission, can pose a serious threat to the health of people worldwide.

SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were assessed by Abbott ARCHITECT chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) in 599 health care workers (HCWs) at the start of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in early April and two months later.

Conclusion The results from our snapshot study during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic/pandemic suggest that auricular point pressure could be a simple and effective tool to relieve insomnia and situational anxiety in hospitalized patients suffering from COVID-19 and kept under disconcerting conditions of isolation.

Mobility restrictions have been identified as key non-pharmaceutical interventions to limit the spread of the SARS-COV-2 epidemics.

In Italy, the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic started around mid-February 2020 in Lombardy (Northern Italy) and, since then, new cases of infection have been reported in a number of other northern Italian regions, such as Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Piedmont, Liguria, and Marche.

Our study emphasizes the impact of Brazilian SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in Uruguay and the need of reinforcing real-time genomic surveillance on specific Uruguayan border locations, as one of the key elements for achieving long-term COVID-19 epidemic control.

Background Sars-Cov-2 epidemic in Italy caused one of the greatest 2020 European outbreaks, with suspension of elective bariatric/metabolic surgery (BMS).

OBJECTIVES to estimate the population prevalence of COVID-19-like symptoms in children and adults during the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave hitting Italy in the spring 2020; to assess their geographical correlation with the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases by province; to analyse their clustering within families; to estimate their sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for COVID-19 diagnosis in individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2.

In order to improve our current knowledge on this topic, this review article summarizes the relevant current observations emphasizing the weight that environmental pollution has on the sensitivity of a given population to several diseases and how semen quality, may be a potential indicator of sensitivity for virus insults (including SARS-CoV-2) in high polluted areas, and help to predict the risk for harmful effects of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

SARS-CoV-2 epidemics quickly propagated worldwide, sorting virus genomic variants in newly established propagules of infections.

Facing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic requires intensive testing on the population to early identify and isolate infected subjects.

The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has caused numerous deaths and injuries globally, striking all communities.

Control of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic requires rapid identification and isolation of infected individuals and their contacts.

Our hypothesis is that commutes—especially commutes based on collective means of transport, which entail crowdedness—may act as critical agents of infection in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

This paper pledges to illustrate and analyse the practices and measures that Eastern European Orthodox Christian communities in the diaspora implemented in response to the global phenomenon of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

Objective To assess use of masks or other protective devices in public spaces in Poland during the SARS-Cov-2 epidemic.

The reason for the state of emergency was the worsening SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the Czech Republic.

Introduction: The REDS-IV-P Epidemiology, Surveillance and Preparedness of the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic (RESPONSE) seroprevalence study conducted monthly cross-sectional testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies on blood donors in six U.

Developing novel diagnostic techniques needs to be facilitated to establish automatic systems, without any personal involvement or arrangement to curb an existing SARS-CoV-2 epidemic crisis, and could also be appropriate for avoiding the emergence of a future epidemic crisis.

Here, we report on the patient/tumour characteristics of those patients undergoing SACT for a urological cancer diagnosis during the first wave, so as to help establish clinical guidelines for the management of these patients in a SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the infection of medical staff mainly occurred at the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Wuhan, and only a small proportion of infection had an exact mode.

Purpose To cope with the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, several rapid nucleic acid assays have been approved for use, but the analytical performance has not been well evaluated.

RESULTS We find that a non-SARS-CoV-2 epidemic strongly increases SARS-CoV-2 daily testing demand and artificially reduces the observed SARS-CoV-2 percent positivity for the duration of the outbreak.

1: Phylodynamic models use pathogen genome sequence data to infer epidemiological dynamics With the increasing genomic surveillance of pathogens, especially during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, new practical questions about their use are emerging 2: One such question focuses on the inclusion of un-sequenced case occurrence data alongside sequenced data to improve phylodynamic analyses This approach can be particularly valuable if sequencing efforts vary over time 3: Using simulations, we demonstrate that birth-death phylodynamic models can employ occurrence data to eliminate bias in estimates of the basic reproductive number due to misspecification of the sampling process In contrast, the coalescent exponential model is robust to such sampling biases, but in the absence of a sampling model it cannot exploit occurrence data Subsequent analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the northwest USA supports these results 4: We conclude that occurrence data are a valuable source of information in combination with birth-death models These data should be used to bolster phylodynamic analyses of infectious diseases and other rapidly spreading species in the future.

The implementation of a control and prevention strategy based on a systematic clinical and virological screening showed its effectiveness in limiting (and shortening) the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic within our hemodialysis unit.

The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has had major impacts on children's education, with schools required to implement infection control measures that have led to long periods of absence and classroom closures.

Accurate knowledge of levels of prior population exposure will inform preparedness plans for subsequent SARS-CoV-2 epidemic waves and vaccination strategies.

Although this is still a controversial topic, the identification and management of asymptomatic children is an important approach during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

The study period was during the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave in Denmark.

Apart from suggesting an approach for estimating completeness of reporting at a sub-national level, the application produces estimates of the number of deaths in excess of those expected in the absence of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic that are highly correlated with the confirmed number of COVID-19 deaths over time, but at a level 2.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a critical public health tool in tracking the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

The close collaboration with doctors and nurses developed over the years was a determining factor when it became necessary to provide the newly created additional intensive care units with drugs and medical devices (MDs) in order to cope with the crisis triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

Lastly, by way of example, SEIR-HL was applied to the analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Argentina and an example of the application of the R0 formula was also developed.

, between healthcare workers and long-term care residents) affects SARS-CoV-2 epidemic dynamics.

Accounting for this dependence within SARS-CoV-2 epidemic models can also improve model estimates.

2 | P a g e Results It is known from the 2003 SARS epidemic that the critical receptor for SARS-CoV entry into host cells is the angiotensin 2 conversion enzyme (ACE2), the strain involved in the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is similar to the SARS-CoV strain involved in the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic.

The authors provide a brief overview of the question whether states could be held accountable for failing to take adequate and timely preventive measures concerning the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of lockdown on SARS-CoV-2 epidemic progression in nine different countries (New Zealand, France, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, the UK, Sweden, and the USA).

An Italian male with no link to China SARS-CoV-2 epidemic presented at Emergency Room with severe respiratory impairment.

We have developed an application for data visualization and analysis of several indicators to follow the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic using Statista, Data Hub, and MDPI data from densely populated countries like the United States, Japan, and India using R programming.

Introduction The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic forced a change in the functioning of health care systems across the globe, requiring rapid adaptation to new conditions for the safe provision of services within all medical fields.

Prompt and efficient screening, triage, and isolation of pregnant women are effective management strategies to reduce nosocomial infection during the SARS-COV-2 epidemic.

m curfew on the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Toulouse, France.

Our analysis assumes that health systems during winter 2020-2021 have equal staffing and capacity to previous phases of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic; we do not consider the effects of understaffed hospitals or unvaccinated medical staff.

Activities in this scope are carried out on the basis of ‘Guidelines for the functioning of state offices and institutions during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Poland’.

Analysis of data from the first three months of community transmission of the COVID-19 outbreak in Kuwait can provide important guidance for decision-making when dealing with future SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave management.

Since the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has spread all over the world and has become a significant public health issue.

On 19-21 November 2020, the meeting of the 30 years of the Padova Muscle Days was virtually held while the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic was hitting the world after a seemingly quiet summer.

He reported having been deeply psychologically affected by the lock-down period (implemented by the French government in the context of the SARS-COV-2 epidemic).

METHODS We investigated the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 cases and the distance of each Italian province from the first outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy (the city of Lodi placed in the Lombardia region).

During December 2019 at Wuhan the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic emerged and rapidly occupies the entire world, present as pandemic responsible for pulmonary dysfunction like acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia but with time clinicians and researchers have been found some extrapulmonary features of COVID-19 which may reflect either replication or dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 infection as widespread immunopathological sequelae1.

Currently, there is a SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, and no effective prophylactic methods are available.

The second and third waves of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic have peaked out and vaccination has begun worldwide.

he inference that this paper points out is that the stimulating environmental factor behind why the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic occurred in Wuhan is probably pollen from the plant kingdom.

Our analysis assumes that health systems during winter 2020–2021 had equal staffing and capacity to previous phases of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic; we do not consider the effects of understaffed hospitals or unvaccinated medical staff.

We explore strategies of contact tracing, case isolation and quarantine of exposed contacts to control the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic using a branching process model with household structure.

Only six months into the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in South Africa, we present the first post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) subglottic stenosis seen at Morningside Clinic.

This clinical convenience sample illustrates the dynamic of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in young adults in eastern Ethiopia; infection was rare before June 2020 but it spread in a linear fashion thereafter, rather than following intermittent waves, and reached 10% by the beginning of 2021.

The CT N gene median values observed in specific periods characterizing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in 2020 were also compared with the incidence of COVID-19 cases; a strong inverse correlation was highlighted (Pearson correlation coefficient = −0.

Results: Model simulations demonstrated that a non-SARS-CoV-2 epidemic creates an artificial decrease in the observed percent positivity of SARS-CoV-2, with stronger effect during the growth phase, until the peak is reached.

The recent experience of SARS-CoV-2 epidemics spreading revealed the importance of passive forms of infection transmissions.

While vaccination is awaited to curb the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, even partially effective drugs from repurposing strategies can be of help to treat severe cases of disease.

Background: In times of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic it is essential to deliver specialist HIV care with a maximum effectiveness, but minimum epidemiological risk.

While this comparison with COVID-19 deaths efficiently conveys the magnitude of the annual toll of excess mortality, the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic on US mortality is more than a benchmark for excess mortality measurement.

Small number of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic lineages did not efficiently exhibit a neutralization profile, while single amino acid mutation in the spike protein has not been confirmed in altering viral antigenicity resulting in immune escape.

However, the combined contributions of lockdown measures with the action of hospitals and health institutes is able to contain and even to dampen the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

Projections from our model illustrate how different strengths of cross-protection between circulating coronaviruses could determine the frequency and magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 epidemics over the coming decade, as well as the potential impact of cross-protection on future seasonal coronavirus transmission.

Successive generalisations of the basic SEIR model have been proposed to accommodate the different needs of the organisations handling the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

The initial control of SARS-CoV-2 epidemics relied on non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as social distancing, teleworking, mouth masks and contact tracing.

Conclusions: There is phylogenetic evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Washington is continually seeded by a large number of introductions, and that there was significant inter- and intra-state transmission.

A mathematical model based on the COVID-19 natural history encompassing the mutations was applied to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

A pressing concern in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and other viral outbreaks, is the extent to which the containment measures are halting the viral spread.

1177/1757913920957365 2020), the aim of this study was to test a cognitive model of post-traumatic symptoms (PTS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) during confinement caused by the SARS-COV-2 epidemic.

Health and social management of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, responsible for the COVID-19 disease, requires both screening tools and diagnostic procedures.

The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic requires dynamic action on the part of the entire health care system to provide infected patients whose condition requires hospitalization with access to appropriate medical care and infrastructure, including oxygen devices and ventilators.

Our data show that since the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic episode in Marseille, importation through travel from abroad was documented for seven of the new variants.

Licen reflects on nursing education amid the COVID-19 pandemic In celebration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Florence Nightingale, the World Health Organization declared 2020 the Year of the Nurse and Midwife Although this was a significant year for healthcare professionals, we will remember it primarily for the emergency caused by the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, which affected both clinical practice and nursing education Today, when society and healthcare are facing one of the greatest global health challenges, when citizens are committed to observing social distancing and taking the necessary measures to contain the epidemic, and when different sectors of the economy are adapting to these new measures, we should also consider the impact of the epidemic on the educational system, and consequently, also on nursing education.

The recent experience of SARS-CoV-2 epidemics spreading revealed the importance of passive forms of infection transmissions.

Methods: We conducted a survey on daily person-to-person contacts during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Finland, one month after strong social distancing measures had been introduced nationwide.

The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Brazil was dominated by two lineages designated as B.

Background Wastewater surveillance was proposed as an epidemiological tool to define the prevalence and evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemics.

During the lockdown for the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy, paediatric Diabetology Centres reorganized their activity and started to follow their patients at a distance.

Background South Africa implemented rapid and strict physical distancing regulations to minimize SARS-CoV-2 epidemic spread.

Therefore, there is a need to develop an algorithm for dealing with a patient with gastroenteritis in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

Taken together, our study provides a mechanistic insight into SARS-CoV-2 epidemic via revealing the conserved and distinct features of SARS-CoV-2, raising the critical role of dysregulation of neutrophil for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Kawasaki disease (KD), although rare (affects about 15 children out of 100,000/year) and self-limiting, it is the second most frequent cause of pediatric acquired heart disease in Western countries The classic KD is diagnosed by fever and at least 4 clinical signs between conjunctivitis, mucositis, polymorphic rash, erythema and edema of hands and feet or lymphadenopathy;if clinical signs are less than 4 the incomplete KD can be diagnosed together with specific laboratory criteria Since March 2020, at the time of the greatest spread of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in our province, we found over 20 children, admitted to the Pediatrics of our hospital, with clinical pictures very similar to Kawasaki disease In addition to signs of mucocutaneous inflammation, some children had a significant systemic inflammation with severe heart involvement, up to shock in some cases In the next months, similar cases were reported in areas of the world with a high spread of the virus, and the scientific community coined the name of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) for this form linked to SARS-CoV-2 KD conventional therapy based on intravenous immunoglobulin, acetylsalicylic acid and systemic steroids resolved the inflammation in all children This article critically discusses the common characteristics of the two diseases and hypothesizes that they belong to the same pathological condition with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations;it proposes the diagnostic framework for this new inflammatory condition based on clinical and laboratory characteristics and, finally, outlines the principles of treatment © 2021, Associazione Culturale Pediatri All rights reserved.

The recent SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has highlighted the need to prevent emerging and re-emerging diseases, which means that we must approach the study of diseases from a One Health perspective.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has rapidly spread and still poses a serious threat to healthcare systems worldwide.

920 correlations between susceptible travelers and reported case, forecasting that travelers are the major source of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in GilgitBaltistan.

Analysis of data from the first three months of community transmission of the COVID-19 outbreak in Kuwait can provide important guidance for decision-making when dealing with future SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave management.

Once COVID-19 vaccines are approved for children <12 years of age, high pediatric vaccination coverage will be needed to help minimize the public health threat from the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

The SARS-COV-2 epidemic should serve as an impetus for pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19, and map out salient risk factors associated with its severity.

However, the clinical features of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Japan during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic remain unclear.

Background: Wastewater surveillance has been proposed as an epidemiological tool to define the prevalence and evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemics.

Qatar has experienced a large SARS-CoV-2 epidemic that is rapidly declining, apparently due to growing immunity levels in the population.

We tested the presence of plasma anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in 3985 employees across 7 healthcare facilities in areas of Lombardy with different exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

After a year of evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, there is still no specific effective treatment for the disease.

In early 2020, Cyprus, among other European countries, was affected by the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and adopted lockdown measures in March 2020 to limit the initial outbreak on the island.

The survey was conducted from 16 to 20 April 2020 and 1 to 2 September 2020 in Poland, at the during of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in this country.