Introduction to Salt Tolerance

This study aimed to evaluate the application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms for improving salt tolerance of lettuce and tomato seedlings irrigated with different water salinity levels (0, 25, and 50 mM NaCl) during nursery growth.

Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strain, but it is not clear whether it can improve the salt tolerance of plants, and in particular, the role of volatile substances in plant salt tolerance is unknown.

Moreover, probiotic properties, such as acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, and antibiotic resistance of 26 selected lactic acid bacteria were also tested.

It was evaluated for morphology, antibiotic susceptibility, hemolytic activity, acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, adherence ability to Caco-2, and inhibitory pathogens activity.

The outcomes of this study could facilitate further dissecting the molecular mechanism underlying salt stress response and provide a valuable platform for further genetic improvement of salt tolerance in banana breeding programs.

Characterization of the mutants reveals these circRNAs’ participation in salt stress response during seed germination and in particular the Os05circ02465 null mutant showed high salt tolerance.

The OsCESA9/OsCESA9 D387N heterozygous plants increase salt tolerance through scavenging and detoxification of ROS and indirectly affecting related gene expression.

In this study, we examined the relationship between the degree of salt tolerance and unfolded protein response-related gene expression in India salt-tolerant Pokkali and INPARI 35 varieties compared to the Indica salt-sensitive counterpart IR64 and INPARI 4 varieties.

In this study, the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (from a cross between the salt tolerant line CG104 and salt sensitive line CG37) was used to study the genetic mechanism of salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings.

To explore the genetic basis of salt tolerance in wheat, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between high-yield wheat cultivar Zhongmai 175 (ZM175) and salt-tolerant cultivar Xiaoyan 60 (XY60) was used to map QTL for seedling traits under normal and salt treatments based on a high-density genetic linkage map.

While economically important Brassica oilseed crops are moderately salt tolerant, there is significant variation at the salt tolerance level among the varieties.

To explore the variation in grain yield and grain trait adaptation to moderate, reproductive-stage salinity stress (4 dS/m electrical conductivity), four rice cultivars differing in degrees of vegetative salt tolerance, including Pokkali (salt-tolerant), RD15 (moderately salt-tolerant), KDML105 (moderately salt-susceptible) and IR29 (salt-susceptible), were examined.

78% higher than that in CWT2, FD, and OD, respectively, indicating that higher soil salinity occurred at the later stage of plant growth in CWT1, which actually had little effect on the plants due to their enhanced salt tolerance and increased need for water and nutrients at that stage.

A culturable in vitro arbuscular mycorrhizal like fungus Piriformospora indica also enhanced salt tolerance of walnut plants.

LAB isolates were screened for acidic and bile salt tolerances and 38 % exhibited survival rates higher than 60% in both conditions.

Moreover, probiotic properties, such as acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, and antibiotic resistance of 26 selected lactic acid bacteria were also tested.

44 and 52% of the samples categorized under severe irrigation restrictions, where groundwater can be used for irrigation of high salt tolerance plants only.

With the exception of L-tryptophan, the compatibility and stability results revealed that all the amino acids have high salt tolerance above 25 wt.

However, the mechanism of PGPR in improving plant salt tolerance remains unclear.

On the basis that soil salinization has become a worldwide problem, studying the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve crop yield, to cultivate new salt-tolerant varieties, and to make full use of saline land.

hispida, and demonstrates that ThSAP6 is a potential candidate for biotechnological approaches to improve salt tolerance in plants.

It may provide clues to improve salt tolerance in conventional crops.

To clone and screen COL genes with excellent salt tolerance from the woody halophyte Tamarix hispida, 8 ThCOL genes were identified in this study.

In particular, bearing with vertically aligned channels, C-CSMCA and C-CSOMCA possess excellent salt tolerance for solar desalination due to a rapid resolving and return of the crystalline salt into water, for example, no surface salt crystallization for C-CSMCA after 20 days of continuous evaporation.

In addition, the CNC-g-PEG modified alginate fibers exhibited improved salt tolerance and reduced water absorbency.

Results indicated that salt-stressed rice plants overexpressing SNAC3 had improved salt tolerance and yield, enhanced relative water content and osmolytes, increased gas-exchange attributes and antioxidant enzymes activity, up-regulated stress-responsive genes expression, and reduced oxidative stress markers levels, as compared to wild-type plants.

The population of Szabadkigyos has good salt tolerance which is important owing to global warming, because the proportion of saline areas is increasing worldwide.

) have good salt tolerance, and can improve soil quality and the micro-ecological environment.

This study aimed to evaluate the application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms for improving salt tolerance of lettuce and tomato seedlings irrigated with different water salinity levels (0, 25, and 50 mM NaCl) during nursery growth.

Finally, future research directions in this domain to explicate the comprehensive roles of nanoparticles in improving salt tolerance in plants are underscored.

Overexpressed PeTCP10 was found to enhance salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis at the vegetative growth stage.

Modulation of K+ and Ca2+ levels could enhance salt tolerance in crops, yet the underlying mechanisms remains largely elusive.

The transgenic lines also showed higher salt tolerance relative to the wild type, as indicated by less visual injuries and lower reactive oxygen species pressure.

The ‘BRS Cícero’ seeds showed a higher salt tolerance than ‘BRS Aleppo’.

As SA acts as an inhibitor of ethylene, and S-assimilation is associated with ethylene synthesis, we tried to figure out the interaction of ethylene in SA and SO42- mediated salt tolerance.

Finally, these findings can be helpful for a better understanding of IAA- and BA-mediated salt tolerance mechanisms and increasing production of faba bean in saline soils.

Recorded data was converted into relative salt tolerance indices (RSTI) for comparative study among genotypes for salt tolerance with multiple agronomic traits.

The information on relative salt tolerance of citrus rootstocks is lacking for semi-arid conditions of Punjab (India).

Understanding how salt stress affects growth-controlling photosynthetic performance is essential for improving crop salt tolerance and alleviating the salt impact.

These results have revealed interesting mechanisms underlying the M14 root response to the salt stress, which may have potential applications toward improving crop salt tolerance through genetic engineering and molecular breeding.

0 kW m-2, the solar energy conversion efficiency reaches up to 84% with better salt tolerance (the evaporation efficiency in 10% NaCl solution is 76%).

The higher CAT and POD activity with lower MDA content was found in V1 and V2 genotypes which indicated their better salt tolerance ability compared to others.

It has been reported that melatonin is involved in plant defense against salt stress, but whether melatonin can improve cotton salt tolerance and its molecular mechanism remain unclear.

The chlorophyll content, SOD activity, and POD activity were decreased in GhPIP2;7 gene-silenced plants versus the control (using blank vector) under 400 mM NaCl treatment, which indicated a negative role of GhPIP2;7 in cotton salt tolerance.

Thus, CSNPs alleviated the oxidative stress, indicated by lower levels of malondialdehyde and H2O2, thereby enabling membrane function retention and enhancing salt tolerance.

In summary, our findings revealed the stronger potential of NS than LS and HS inoculants in growth promotion, while weaker strength than LS and HS inoculants in enhancing salt tolerance of NL895 plantlets.

, a typical halophyte that can survive under extreme drought conditions and in saline-alkali environments, exhibits strong salt tolerance and environmental adaptability.

pentosaceus HN10 showed potential probiotic properties such as strong salt tolerance, low pH and bile salts resistance, autoaggregation and coaggregation activities.

In this study, we constructed 16 transcriptome libraries from maize seedling roots using two maize lines, with contrasting salt tolerance, that were exposed to salt stress for 0, 6, 18 and 36 h.

Descriptive statistics of the leaf, stem and root element concentrations in eight halophyte species of contrasting salt tolerance types (salt-dilution halophytes and recretohalophytes) were calculated.

Phenotypic, physiological, and biochemical analysis showed that ZmSOD4 increased salt tolerance by alleviating salt-induced increases in O2− accumulation, MDA content, and percent of electrolyte leakage under salt stress.

GhACO106_At overexpression in Arabidopsis promoted flowering and increased salt tolerance.

ST 47 exhibited greater salt tolerance and faster recovery than SS 212, as evidenced by higher increases in total root length (TRL), root surface area (RSA), root tip number (RTN), biomass.

In general, Freo had greater salt tolerance than Zibo, due to its higher average root diameter, lower Na+ concentration, and higher K+/Na+ ratio in young leaves under salt conditions.

Different Chinese cabbage cultivars appeared different salt tolerances, but there are few studies attempting to elucidate the mechanism underlying this phenomenon.

However, halophytes have different salt tolerance mechanisms, including compartmentalization of salt in the vacuole, leading to an increase of sodium in the plant tissues.

In this investigation, we explored the potential roles of exogenously applied indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in conferring salt tolerance in the faba bean (Vicia faba L.

From the retrieved cDNA sequences conferring salt tolerance to the yeast mutant, eleven contained the coding sequence of a jacalin-related lectin (JRL) that shows homology to the previously identified JRL horcolin from barley coleoptiles that we therefore named the gene HvHorcH.

Therefore, KD water is suitable for irrigation of most soils (except soils with low salt tolerance).

Therefore, low salt tolerance of ion-exchange resins is a drawback that needs to be addressed.

2 negatively regulated salt tolerance in apples.

Additionally, SlBZR1D positively regulated salt tolerance in tomato and upregulated the expression of multiple stress-related genes.

TL582 landrace showed greater performance for the investigated traits among oat genotypes for the highest salt tolerance.

Of the presented strains of sweet clover and alfalfa, strains 282 and 423b had the highest salt tolerance, respectively.

However, the mechanism by which exogenous MT mediates salt tolerance by regulating the photosynthetic capacity and ion balance of cotton seedlings still remains unknown.

Although previous studies have found that melatonin can promote seed germination, the phytohormone regulation mechanism by which exogenous melatonin mediates salt tolerance during cotton seed germination is still largely unknown.

The OsCESA9/OsCESA9 D387N heterozygous plants increase salt tolerance through scavenging and detoxification of ROS and indirectly affecting related gene expression.

In addition, we investigated whether fungal inoculation confers tolerance to salt stress given that endophytes are suggested to increase salt tolerance and improve plant fitness in other less salt-tolerant plants.

Our results suggested that zinc induced salt tolerance in Okra which can serve as a potential source to get sustainable production from salt-affected lands.

In conclusion, the induction of endophytic bacterium-induced salt tolerance in pea plants depends primarily on the effect of endophytic bacteria on osmoregulation, the antioxidant capacity, and ion uptake adjustment by limiting the uptake of Na+ and, alternatively, increasing the accumulation of K+ in plant tissue.

The most suitable strain (Lactobacillus plantarum B7) rapidly produced acid, exhibited a strong antibacterial activity, showed salt tolerance, and had no amino acid decarboxylase activity.

The species also showed salt tolerance with up to 12% NaCl and up to 18% of KCl or MgCl 2.

napus leaves under salt stress, and revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance of B.

Unraveling the complex genetic bases and mechanisms underlying salt tolerance is of great importance for developing salt-tolerant varieties.

The present study provides molecular insights into understanding salt tolerance of autotetraploid in sugar beet.

Owing to the high interspecific biodiversity, halophytes have been regarded as a tool for understanding salt tolerance mechanisms in plants in view of their adaptation to climate change.

Compared with the existing photothermal materials, these materials show advantages of simple manufacture, high SSG efficiency, superior salt tolerance, and antifouling performance, which make them promising candidates as a kind of new high-performance photothermal materials for desalination even in oily wastewater, thus further expanding the scope of their practical SSG application.

It is concluded that the superior salt tolerance of S.

Here, we show that miR528 positively regulates rice salt tolerance by down-regulating a gene encoding l-ascorbate oxidase (AO), thereby bolstering up the AO-mediated abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis and ROS scavenging.

However, the functions of melatonin in rice salt tolerance during seed germination is largely undetermined.

N18) significantly lysed the bacteria cells, increased outer membrane permeability, reduced salt tolerance, and inhibited bacterial catalase activity.

indicum reduced salt tolerance and drought tolerance.

Due to highly challenging environmental conditions, the aquatic ecosystem inhabits microorganisms that produce enzymes having unique/novel characteristics such as thermostability, cold adaptability, high pressure, pH, and extreme salt tolerance.

It appears most likely that these proteins contribute to the extreme salt tolerance.

), originated from the Andean region of South America, shows more significant salt tolerance than other crops.

Considering its high fibrinolytic activity, significant salt tolerance, and ability to grow at 10°C, B.

In this study, we mapped the m6A modifications in two sorghum genotypes (salt-tolerant M-81E and salt-sensitive Roma) that differ regarding salt tolerance.

Regarding salt tolerance, all isolated strains of S.

This study was designed to evaluate salt tolerance based on the integrated tolerance index.

Twenty-two rice lines were used to evaluate salt tolerance at the Laboratory of Biotechnology Division of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh.

1 mM), which has pleiotropic roles, has a better effect than glycine betaine (GB; 10 and 50 mM) on providing salt tolerance in a woody plant Dalbergia odorifera T.

The results presented in this work provide insight into the complex varying regulation patterns for different genes across the investigated rice varieties in providing salt tolerance and highlights distinct differences in expression patterns between susceptible and tolerant indica and japonica rice.

This chapter reviews recent progress in the fundamental understanding of maize salt tolerance and the advancement of molecular breeding for salt-tolerant maize.

Conclusion AM symbiosis improved maize salt tolerance by accelerating Na + shoot-to-root translocation rate and mediating Na + /K + distribution between shoots and roots.

This study aims to demonstrate an effective transcriptomic approach for identifying genes regulating salt tolerance in rice.

Current findings have revealed the functional importance of chromatin modifiers in regulating salt tolerance and identified the effector genes affected by epigenetic modifications, although counteraction between modifiers within the same family may occur.

These three genotypes with probable novel regions for seedling stage salt tolerance can be considered for enhancing salinity tolerance of rice cultivars.

The aim of the study was to show the seedling-stage salt tolerance of a total of 50 indigenous rice genotypes from coastal Tamil Nadu, India.

In Arabidopsis , ABI4 negatively regulates salt tolerance; however, the mechanism through which ABI4 regulates plant salt tolerance is poorly understood.

Altogether, our results demonstrate that PpCAS1 positively regulates salt tolerance in peach plants through the modulation of ROS and ion homeostasis.