Introduction to Salt Rock

In the numerical simulations, there is no gas seepages from the salt cavern to other neighbor salt caverns, which are 600 m away owing to very low permeability of salt rock in the study area.

The brine-saturated leaching zone first encountered in the salt rocks of the Verkhnekamskoe Salt Deposit is characterized in detail.

Underground TWH caverns in salt rock have high construction efficiency and large usable volumes and provides an ideal space for large-scale natural gas storage.

Indonesia has an abundant amount of basalt rocks resources, including in East Lampung Regency of Lampung Province.

In addition, it was found that the construction defects show a higher effect on casing collapse than the salt rock creep.

China is rich in salt rock resources with layered lacustrine sedimentary structures.

Sexton representative basalt rock samples were selected from the studied JDB outcrops.

The collapse failures of casings occur extremely easily under non-uniform load caused by plastic creep of mudstone, shale, salt rock and some soft rocks.

This work studied the inorganic basalt fiber (BF) fabricated from nature basalt rock as a green and sustainable bio-carrier medium for wastewater treatment.

For the Cenozoic bottom aquifer and the Ordovician aquifer, the major hydrogeochemical processes are the dissolution of salt rock, silicate, carbonate, and sulfate, followed by cation exchange; for the Permian and Carboniferous aquifers, the main hydrogeochemical processes are desulfidation and cation exchange, followed by dissolution.

Salt rock has been used as hast rock to storing hydrocarbons and disposing nuclear wastes because of its low permeability.

Three different types of local rocks have been used in this study, namely, basalt rocks, concrete bricks and crashed rocks, to enhance the productivity of water by increasing the time of output from the double-slope solar still.

Major accidents at OJSC Uralkali raised the question of the need for a detailed study of the geological structure of the Verkhnekamskoye potassium salt deposit, the identification of anomalous complex zones in the oversalt rocks and, above all, in the water-blocking layer (WBL).

The hydrogeologist community considers generally the salt rock as impervious.

The present study was conducted on five distinct types of rubber samples prevalent in Indian condition with basalt rock chosen as the surface mimicking pavement.

Using a high-throughput metagenomic approach, we evaluated nifH-harboring bacterial communities and their assembly in the Gotjawal forest, which was naturally formed on basalt rocks with thin layer of soil.

In this study, discontinuous cyclic loading tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of LSIs on the fatigue performance of salt rock.

The creep property of the salt rock is an important determinant of deep underground repository of energy storage for long-term operatio.

Salt rock distinguished properties such as creep and tightness make them useful as underground disposal and storage media.

Magnetic suseptibility of rocks on the subsurface around Sulawesi Sea Sea is dominated by igneous rock are andesit and basalt rock, and metamophic rocks (k = 0,067833 SI – 0,065333 SI).

In this work, polypyrrole and polythiophene conducting polymers (CPs) have been synthesized and doped with volcanic basalt rock (VBR) in order to improve their dielectric properties for technological applications.

Provided a user-selected training subset of 3D multispectral images, comprising ~1% of the total dataset, the algorithm separates living structure from nonliving structure and segments the coral reef into four distinct morphological classes – branching coral, mounding coral, basalt rock, and sand.

The weathered basalt rock are found from (−)1.

The adsorption characteristics of light gases on basalt rock-based zeolite 4A (BR zeolite-4A) were systematically investigated to evaluate its potential application as an alternative adsorbent for adsorption-based separation processes.

Lithium occurrences were detected in Upper Permian (Zechstein) salt rocks and saline solutions of the Gorleben and Morsleben salt structures, northern Germany.

The microhabitats comprised a hypolith consisting of quartz that were colonized by cyanobacteria on its underside, gypsum nodules consisting mainly of gypsum with some lithic components (mostly quartz) and salt rocks from the Yungay Salar consisting primarily of halite (> 95 %) with traces of quartz and gypsum.

Major accidents at OJSC Uralkali raised the question of the need for a detailed study of the geological structure of the Verkhnekamskoye potassium salt deposit, the identification of anomalous complex zones in the oversalt rocks and, above all, in the water-blocking layer (WBL).

In the study, a self-developed Split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus with triaxial confining pressure was used to examine the dynamic compression property of salt rock under confining pressures of 5, 15, and 25 MPa.

Salt lake source rocks in the study area are obviously different from freshwater lake sediments, and their main characteristics are the mixed deposits of hydrocarbon source rocks and salt rocks, gypsum, carbonate rocks and terrigenous clastic rocks, with strong heterogeneity, and the thickness of single layer of source rocks is thin, generally 1.

The research gap about the application of basalt rock powder (BRP) and superfine sand (SS) as fillers in preparation of cement mortar is significant.

In the numerical simulations, there is no gas seepages from the salt cavern to other neighbor salt caverns, which are 600 m away owing to very low permeability of salt rock in the study area.

It is geologically occupied by basalt rocks where groundwater occurs in the weathered and fractured portions of the rocks and under semi-confined to confined conditions in fractured rocks.

This study reports the laboratory measurement of primary and shear wave in basalt rock.

This coupling possibly explains why salt rock presents nonlinear accelerating characteristics at the accelerating creep stage.

In the present study, polyaniline (PANI) conducting polymer was mechanically doped with volcanic basalt rock (VBR), sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3), and sodium tetraborate (borax) minerals at 10 to 50 wt%, to improve the dielectric response.

Through a Life Cycle Assessment, we determine the balance of carbon dioxide emissions involved in the use of this material, the relative contribution of soil carbonation and enhanced weathering, and the potential carbon dioxide removal of Sao Paulo agricultural land through enhanced weathering of basalt rock.

This study indicated that vesicular basalt rock owned good potential for the treatment of Cr (III) containing polluted water.

Complex salt structures were formed in this area due to the intrinsic characteristics of salt rocks as it flew away from the terrigenous depocenters, pushed in the Atlantic Ocean realms.

Basalt fiber is a novel type of inorganic fiber which is produced from the extrusion of natural vocalnic basalt rocks through their melting process at high temperature.

CO2 storage in salt rock is simulated with the finite element method (FEM), assuming constant gas pressure.

Located at the Museu Martorell building (Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona) it exposes and preserves a collection of salt rocks from the Cardona Salt Mountain.

A hypothesis on the unique role of Ca-zeolites (heulandite) was proposed in the early 1990s on the formation and persistence of several million years old acidic ferruginous Inceptisols, Vertisols, Alfisols and Mollisols in intense leaching environment of humid tropical (HT) climate on the Deccan basalt rock system in Pune district of the north-western part of the Western Ghats in the state of Maharashtra and in Mandla district of the Satpura ranges in the state of Madhya Pradesh.

Then, TS-REG is utilized to estimate tool wear and cutting forces for efficient core drilling of basalt rock, a hard and abrasive component of the Martian surface.

The highest μ m was found for basalt rocks M2 and M1 and the lowest one is reported for limestone rocks Dike.

K+, Na+, and Cl- mainly come from salt rock dissolution, and Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, and SO42- mainly come from the dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and gypsum.

China’s salt mines have a typical bedded structure, composed of many interlayers and salt rock layers.

The results show that the cations are dominated by Na+ + K+, and the anions are mainly Cl− and HCO3− in the karst water in Taiyuan Formation in the study area, mainly affected by the dissolution of salt rock and the oxidation of pyrite, there are cations exchange and adsorption and desulfurization.

XRF results showed that basalt rock had a content of SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 of 79.

(2) If the lunar mare subsurface layer has a permittivity larger than ∼4–5 and is in rock condition, its bulk density should be estimated from an effective medium model, assuming the void distribution or crack direction against the electric field of radar pulses in basalt rock with a permittivity of ∼15.

As a solution to the problems mentioned above, the authors of this work present a very simple design of a shaft lining, called the tubing-aggregate lining, which utilises the leachability of salt rock massifs.

To assure the integrity of caverns during operation and long term abandonment, knowledge of geochemical rock–water interactions in the transition zone between cavity and salt rock is necessary.

The research gap on the feasibility of basalt rock powder (BRP) and superfine sand (SS) in preparation of cement mortar is significant.

Two varieties of basalt rocks collected from two different regions have been assessed for high-temperature packed-bed thermal energy storage.

Besides the solubility measurements, experiments to determine diffusion coefficients of the rock types sandstone, claystone and salt rock are planned.

This paper presents an experimental study on the compressive behavior of concrete specimens confined by a new class of composite materials originated from basalt rock, Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP).

Storage materials by salt rocks and pebbles were introduced in an indirect solar dryer.

The model was calibrated against experimental results published in the literature for salt rock.

Basalt fibre is an inorganic fibre manufactured from the extrusion of melted basalt rock.

Such a distribution can be associated both with an increase in the degree of catagenetic transformation of salt rocks with depth and with the composition of coexisting sulfate or chloride brines.

Shale and salt rocks have been considered potential host rocks for radioactive waste disposal, due to their low permeability.

The brine-saturated leaching zone first encountered in the salt rocks of the Verkhnekamskoe Salt Deposit is characterized in detail.

While, metabasalt rocks were originated from the Island Arc tectonic environment.

Here, new 40Ar/39Ar ages and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data for seven basalt rocks from four seamounts in the WPSP are provided.

Columnar jointed structures are often observed in basalt rock masses and play an important role in controlling the mechanical behaviors.

quadricincta preferred granite and basalt rocks exposed to erosion, while C.

The site predominantly had weathered basalt rock, and this has to be bored using chisel before concreting.

Accuracy was assessed using two certified materials, NIST 688 Standard Reference Material of basalt rock and Geological Survey G2 granite, resulting in acceptable recoveries.

Moreover, CT-scan responded well for sandstone and calcite-carbonate rocks, but not sufficient to evaluate dolomite-carbonate, marl and salt rocks.

The pre-salt inclusions have an extra homogenization temperature range (160–200 °C) and the pre-salt rocks also have some hydrocarbon generation capacity, which means the pre-salt rocks may also generate some gases.

As the most current thematic maps are considered: the depth and power of the salt rocks (figure 2); the calculated subsidence trough of the earth's surface (figure 3); the zone of maximum spread of the construction of the brine and mineralization of groundwater (figure 4).

Two-way indicator species analysis classified the 25 plots into six vegetation types corresponding to lowland evergreen rainforest, lowland evergreen rainforest on basalt rocks, middle-elevation evergreen forest, submontane forest, transitional submontane forest and montane cloud forest.

The research gap on the feasibility of basalt rock powder (BRP) and superfine sand (SS) in preparation of cement mortar is significant.

The results showed that the tested area had soil geological conditions which were dominated by soil, sand and gravel in the surface area, whereas for 50 m depth it was dominated by sedimentary rocks accompanied by basalt rocks with little saline in the deepest layer.