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Salt Flux sentence examples within sub grid scale

sub grid scale

The ability to reproduce the multi-fractality of this scaling is crucial in the context of downscaling model simulation outputs to infer sea ice variables at the sub-grid scale and also has implications for modeling the statistical properties of deformation-related quantities, such as lead fractions and heat and salt fluxes.

On the multi-fractal scaling properties of sea ice deformation

sub grid scale

As an option of the code improvement, the authors consider further elaboration of the module of heat/salt flux to/from bottom sediment, development of parameterisations facilitating heat transfer along the water column on sub-grid scale.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ТЕРМОГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В МЕЛКОВОДНОМ БОРЕАЛЬНОМ ОЗЕРЕ: ВЕРИФИКАЦИЯ ТРЕХМЕРНОЙ МОДЕЛИ

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Salt Flux sentence examples within Reverse Salt Flux

Reverse Salt Flux

The forward ammonium flux increased with draw solution reverse salt flux below pH = 9, whereas it was unaffected by this flux above pH = 9.

Effect of reverse sodium flux and pH on ammoniacal nitrogen transport through biomimetic membranes

Reverse Salt Flux

Larger particles induced by less negative zeta potential and higher extracellular polymeric substances, together with the higher conductivity resulted by reverse salt flux in the osmotic membrane bioreactor, improved the sludge rheology due to reduced interactions between particles.

Rheology improvement in an osmotic membrane bioreactor for waste sludge anaerobic digestion and the implication on agitation energy consumption.

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Salt Flux sentence examples within Specific Salt Flux

Specific Salt Flux

1 times higher FO water flux and ∼68% lower specific salt flux than the membrane prepared via conventional aliphatic solvent-based interfacial polymerization (IP) in FO mode.

High performance polyacrylonitrile-supported forward osmosis membranes prepared via aromatic solvent-based interfacial polymerization

Specific Salt Flux

In an FO process, NG membranes achieved an outstanding specific salt flux of 0.

Tuning the nanostructure of nitrogen-doped graphene laminates for forward osmosis desalination.

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Salt Flux sentence examples within Molten Salt Flux

Molten Salt Flux

The phase stability of cubic and tetragonal yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was studied in the specific electrochemical conditions of current loading and molten salt flux.

Investigation on the phase stability of yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolytes for high-temperature electrochemical application

Molten Salt Flux

The present review article covers the synthesis of inorganic fluorides using two types of molten media – molten salt fluxes and ionic liquids (IL).

Synthesis of inorganic fluorides in molten salt fluxes and ionic liquid mediums

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Salt Flux sentence examples within Vertical Salt Flux

Vertical Salt Flux

Here, we examine global ocean salinity changes and ocean vertical salt fluxes over the full depth in a dynamically consistent and data-constrained ocean state estimate.

Vertical redistribution of salt and layered changes in global ocean salinity

Vertical Salt Flux

Changes in the upper layer salinity might not be related to the accumulated river runoff only, but decadal changes of vertical salt flux might also contribute.

Stratification Has Strengthened in the Baltic Sea – An Analysis of 35 Years of Observational Data

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Salt Flux sentence examples within salt flux method

salt flux method

The LiCl salt flux method is an established aid in oxyhydride synthesis.

Advances in the LiCl salt flux method and the preparation of phase pure La2-xNdxLiHO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) oxyhydrides.

salt flux method

We synthesized BaAl12O19:Eu2+ phosphors by the molten salt flux method at the relatively low temperature.

BaAl12O19:Eu2+ phosphors: Molten salt flux synthesis and blue emission with high color purity and excellently thermal stability

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Salt Flux sentence examples within salt flux growth

salt flux growth

Bulk samples were synthesized by arc melting above 2500 °C, and salt flux growth at ∼850 °C was used to create nanoscale materials.

Synthesis and High-Pressure Mechanical Properties of Superhard Rhenium/Tungsten Diboride Nanocrystals

salt flux growth

Bulk samples were synthesized by arc melting above 2500 ºC and salt flux growth at ~850 ºC was used to create nanoscale materials.

Synthesis and High Pressure Mechanical Properties of Superhard Rhenium/Tungsten Diborides Nanocrystals.

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10.1021/ACS.CGD.9B00091

High-quality needle-like crystals of La5Ti2CuS5O7 (a ternary transition-metallic oxysulfide) as long as 1 mm and a few μm in diameter were grown in CsCl molten-salt flux.

One-dimensional Anisotropic Electronic States in Needle-shaped La5Ti2CuS5O7 Single Crystals Grown in Molten Salt in Bridgman Furnace

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10.4018/978-1-7998-0163-4.CH003

This chapter presents the results of a study on the influence of streamflow variability on salt fluxes in a semi-arid Tiva River Basin located in Eastern Kenya.

The Effects of Streamflow Variability on Salt Flux in a Semi-Arid Tropical River Basin in Eastern Kenya

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10.1016/J.CHERD.2019.06.033

The mathematical model with parameters derived from the experimental data can reasonably predict water and salt fluxes as well as pressures under various combinations of feed conditions of temperature, flow and pressure (average error ≤4%).

Predictive modeling of a commercial spiral wound seawater reverse osmosis module

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10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.31

Heat, momentum and salt fluxes were set on the ocean surface, which were calculated according to the ERA-Interim reanalysis.

Modeling Summer Circulation and Distribution of Temperature and Salinity in the Bellingshausen Sea and on the Antarctic Peninsula Shelf

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10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.03.265

The spatially varying TR was explained by different contributions of exchange flow and tidal pumping to salt flux.

Estuarine salinity recovery from an extreme precipitation event: Hurricane Harvey in Galveston Bay.

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10.15159/AR.19.022

Aluminium dross is described as a heterogeneous material with its major constituents being metallic aluminium, alumina and other salt fluxes like NaCl and KCl.

Hydrogen production using waste aluminium dross: from industrial waste to next-generation fuel

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10.1080/1943815X.2019.1652190

Then, the salt flux components attributed to various physical processes were quantified.

Detecting the mechanisms of longitudinal salt transport during spring tides in Qiantang Estuary

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10.1016/J.MEMSCI.2018.11.067

no salt flux, no pressure drop) and solution properties (i.

Computational framework for modeling membrane processes without process and solution property simplifications

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10.1166/jnn.2019.16598

The platelet-shaped SrFe12O19 grains are strongly affected by ball milling of the salt flux synthesized SrFe12O19 powder for 1, 3, 5 and 10 h.

Morphological Structure, Optical and Microbial Findings of Ferrites.

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10.5194/OS-15-951-2019

The decrease in salinity of up to 10 psu at the mouth of Galveston Bay due to the MAR discharge results in a decrease in horizontal density gradient, a decrease in the salt flux, and a weakened estuarine circulation and estuarine–ocean exchange.

A hydrodynamic model for Galveston Bay and the shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico

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10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104644

Virtual moorings on the two sides of the front are used to depict the evolution of stratification, shear, turbulent stresses, turbulent heat and salt fluxes, as well as turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget terms.

The role of turbulence in strong submesoscale fronts of the Bay of Bengal

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10.1016/J.CERAMINT.2019.07.163

Large micron-sized Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphors were successfully synthesized by a cost-effective method using eutectic mixtures of YF3–AlF3 as the molten-salt flux for high-power laser diodes applications.

Molten-salt synthesis of large micron-sized YAG:Ce3+ phosphors for laser diode applications

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10.1016/J.JWPE.2019.100864

2 L m−2 h−1 with a salt flux of 0.

Hydrophilic ZSM-5 membrane for forward osmosis operation

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10.5194/os-2019-9

The decrease in salinity of up to 10 psu at the mouth of Galveston Bay due to the MAR discharge results in a decrease in horizontal density gradient, a decrease in the salt flux, and a weakened estuarine circulation and estuarine–ocean exchange.

A hydrodynamic model for Galveston Bay and the shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico

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10.1007/s11242-019-01359-y

The behaviour of the transition from stationary to oscillatory convection is examined in detail as the boundary conditions vary from prescribed temperature and salt concentration toward those of prescribed heat flux and salt flux.

Heated and Salted Below Porous Convection with Generalized Temperature and Solute Boundary Conditions

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10.1080/19397038.2017.1393022

Rotary furnaces are normally used in Europe as they allow a great productivity and they can process low quality scrap using a salt flux to protect the molten metal from oxidation.

Study of fluxing in Al refining process by rotary and crucible furnaces

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10.1144/SP491-2018-148

Two end-member situations appear equally favourable to generating large volumes of granites: (1) short-lived environments dominated by high basaltic flux, where granites result mostly from basalt differentiation; and (2) long-lived systems with no or minimal basalt flux, with granites resulting chiefly from crustal melting.

Granites and crustal heat budget

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10.1029/2018JC014368

A theoretical formalism is put forward to explain these features in terms of vertical divergences of double-diffusive fluxes; temperature and salinity gradients along layers are set by the depth-dependent ratio of double-diffusive heat to salt fluxes.

Double‐Diffusive Layering in the Canada Basin: An Explanation of Along‐Layer Temperature and Salinity Gradients

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10.2989/1814232X.2019.1624276

Studies of water-particle flow dynamics in shallow estuarine systems show that tidal currents control water exchange, salt flux and residence time.

Dynamics of water exchange and salt flux in the Macuse Estuary, central Mozambique, southern Africa

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10.1007/s12666-019-01678-0

The oxidizing roasting process of the black dross was investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis and thermodynamic calculation, and the effects of roasting conditions on the removal rate of AlN and salt flux in black dross were studied.

Experimental Study on Oxidizing Roasting Process of Black Dross

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10.1017/JFM.2018.933

When the salt flux supplied to the base of the tank is very small, the tank becomes nearly well-mixed, and the vertical salt flux is approximately equal to one-half the source flux.

Measurements of buoyancy flux in a stratified turbulent flow

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10.1021/acsnano.9b02103.s001

Bulk samples were synthesized by arc melting above 2500 °C, and salt flux growth at ∼850 °C was used to create nanoscale materials.

Synthesis and High-Pressure Mechanical Properties of Superhard Rhenium/Tungsten Diboride Nanocrystals

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10.24930/1681-9004-2019-19-1-148-161

% FeS were synthesized in an Ausaturated system using gas transport and salt flux techniques.

Механизм вхождения Au в In-, Fe- и In-Fe-содержащие синтетические кристаллы сфалерита по данным РСМА и ЛА-ИСП-МС

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10.1021/acsnano.9b02103

Bulk samples were synthesized by arc melting above 2500 ºC and salt flux growth at ~850 ºC was used to create nanoscale materials.

Synthesis and High Pressure Mechanical Properties of Superhard Rhenium/Tungsten Diborides Nanocrystals.

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10.1016/J.EJRH.2019.100614

Study focus The study focused on the determination of the influence of streamflow variability on salt fluxes.

Salinity and salt fluxes in a polluted tropical river: The case study of the Athi river in Kenya

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10.1016/J.DESAL.2019.07.007

At the end of FO experiments, all TFC membranes experienced water flux and salt flux decline to different extents.

Membrane compaction in forward osmosis process

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Keywords related to Salt

Salt Flux
Encyclopedia

What is/are Salt Flux?

Salt Flux - High-quality needle-like crystals of La5Ti2CuS5O7 (a ternary transition-metallic oxysulfide) as long as 1 mm and a few μm in diameter were grown in CsCl molten-salt flux. [1] This chapter presents the results of a study on the influence of streamflow variability on salt fluxes in a semi-arid Tiva River Basin located in Eastern Kenya. [2] The mathematical model with parameters derived from the experimental data can reasonably predict water and salt fluxes as well as pressures under various combinations of feed conditions of temperature, flow and pressure (average error ≤4%). [3] Heat, momentum and salt fluxes were set on the ocean surface, which were calculated according to the ERA-Interim reanalysis. [4] The spatially varying TR was explained by different contributions of exchange flow and tidal pumping to salt flux. [5] Aluminium dross is described as a heterogeneous material with its major constituents being metallic aluminium, alumina and other salt fluxes like NaCl and KCl. [6] Then, the salt flux components attributed to various physical processes were quantified. [7] no salt flux, no pressure drop) and solution properties (i. [8] The platelet-shaped SrFe12O19 grains are strongly affected by ball milling of the salt flux synthesized SrFe12O19 powder for 1, 3, 5 and 10 h. [9] The decrease in salinity of up to 10 psu at the mouth of Galveston Bay due to the MAR discharge results in a decrease in horizontal density gradient, a decrease in the salt flux, and a weakened estuarine circulation and estuarine–ocean exchange. [10] Virtual moorings on the two sides of the front are used to depict the evolution of stratification, shear, turbulent stresses, turbulent heat and salt fluxes, as well as turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget terms. [11] Large micron-sized Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphors were successfully synthesized by a cost-effective method using eutectic mixtures of YF3–AlF3 as the molten-salt flux for high-power laser diodes applications. [12] 2 L m−2 h−1 with a salt flux of 0. [13] The decrease in salinity of up to 10 psu at the mouth of Galveston Bay due to the MAR discharge results in a decrease in horizontal density gradient, a decrease in the salt flux, and a weakened estuarine circulation and estuarine–ocean exchange. [14] The behaviour of the transition from stationary to oscillatory convection is examined in detail as the boundary conditions vary from prescribed temperature and salt concentration toward those of prescribed heat flux and salt flux. [15] Rotary furnaces are normally used in Europe as they allow a great productivity and they can process low quality scrap using a salt flux to protect the molten metal from oxidation. [16] Two end-member situations appear equally favourable to generating large volumes of granites: (1) short-lived environments dominated by high basaltic flux, where granites result mostly from basalt differentiation; and (2) long-lived systems with no or minimal basalt flux, with granites resulting chiefly from crustal melting. [17] A theoretical formalism is put forward to explain these features in terms of vertical divergences of double-diffusive fluxes; temperature and salinity gradients along layers are set by the depth-dependent ratio of double-diffusive heat to salt fluxes. [18] Studies of water-particle flow dynamics in shallow estuarine systems show that tidal currents control water exchange, salt flux and residence time. [19] The oxidizing roasting process of the black dross was investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis and thermodynamic calculation, and the effects of roasting conditions on the removal rate of AlN and salt flux in black dross were studied. [20] When the salt flux supplied to the base of the tank is very small, the tank becomes nearly well-mixed, and the vertical salt flux is approximately equal to one-half the source flux. [21] Bulk samples were synthesized by arc melting above 2500 °C, and salt flux growth at ∼850 °C was used to create nanoscale materials. [22] % FeS were synthesized in an Ausaturated system using gas transport and salt flux techniques. [23] Bulk samples were synthesized by arc melting above 2500 ºC and salt flux growth at ~850 ºC was used to create nanoscale materials. [24] Study focus The study focused on the determination of the influence of streamflow variability on salt fluxes. [25] At the end of FO experiments, all TFC membranes experienced water flux and salt flux decline to different extents. [26]

sub grid scale

The ability to reproduce the multi-fractality of this scaling is crucial in the context of downscaling model simulation outputs to infer sea ice variables at the sub-grid scale and also has implications for modeling the statistical properties of deformation-related quantities, such as lead fractions and heat and salt fluxes. [1] As an option of the code improvement, the authors consider further elaboration of the module of heat/salt flux to/from bottom sediment, development of parameterisations facilitating heat transfer along the water column on sub-grid scale. [2] The ability to reproduce the multi-fractality of this scaling is crucial in the context of downscaling model simulation outputs to infer sea ice variables at the sub-grid scale and also has implications for modeling the statistical properties of deformation-related quantities, such as lead fractions and heat and salt fluxes. [3]

Reverse Salt Flux

The forward ammonium flux increased with draw solution reverse salt flux below pH = 9, whereas it was unaffected by this flux above pH = 9. [1] Larger particles induced by less negative zeta potential and higher extracellular polymeric substances, together with the higher conductivity resulted by reverse salt flux in the osmotic membrane bioreactor, improved the sludge rheology due to reduced interactions between particles. [2] Meanwhile, after adding PVP, the TFC membranes exhibited good water flux, and excellent specific reverse salt flux. [3] The results of the FO performance tests, including the values of water flux and reverse salt flux, indicate improvement in the selectivity and permeability properties of the CA/MIL-53(Fe) hybrid membranes. [4] The resulting composite FO membranes showed low reverse salt flux (0. [5] Compared with Na+, Li+ with a larger hydrated radius showed a significantly lower reverse salt flux, resulting in a lower ionic strength and therefore a stronger electrostatic interaction. [6] 5 L·h−1 m−2, representing a growth of 66%, maintaining reverse salt flux (Js) practically constant. [7] 9 L/m2 h (FO mode, 1 M NaCl draw solution), without a significant increase in reverse salt flux. [8] FO deploys a concentrated draw solution to overcome the high osmotic pressure of liquid desiccant solutions; hence, it is feasible for their regeneration despite the issues with internal/external concentration polarization and reverse salt flux. [9] The results revealed that KCl fertilizer draw solution achieved the highest water flux and adequate reverse salt flux as compared to other fertilizer draw solution. [10] This is because when MgCl2 was used as the draw solute, the reverse salt flux of magnesium to the concentrated ATDM provided favourable conditions for struvite crystal formation. [11] Otherwise, it may significantly increase the reverse salt flux and external concentration polarization (ECP) on the active layer. [12] 6 L·h−1·m−2, without affecting the reverse salt flux. [13] The effect of DS type, concentration, circulation flow rates on the FO water flux (WF), specific water flux (SWF), percentage water recovery (%Wrecovery), reverse salt flux (RSF) and percentage salt rejection (%R) were studied. [14] Higher average FO water fluxes were obtained due to likely lower reverse salt fluxes for the organic draw solutions compared to NaCl. [15] Pre-determined concentrations of green and blue dye mixtures based on final desired concentrations (for further use in dyeing process), gave comparable water flux with 1M NaCl and 1M MgCl2, however, slightly higher reverse salt flux values were obtained with dyes compared to the inorganic salts. [16] Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes with high water flux and low reverse salt flux are the most conventional materials for forward osmosis (FO) process. [17] 4 g/m2/h reverse salt flux) performs at least seven times (with respective to the water flux) and three times (with respective to the reverse salt flux) better than that of commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane (10 L/m2/h and 12 g/m2/h) in FO. [18] Moreover, compared with the control membrane, the modified membranes also have much higher water fluxes (87–141% increase) and comparable or even lower reverse salt fluxes. [19] The selectivity ratios (water flux/reverse salt flux) of GLM were experimentally assessed to be 1. [20] We report the use of highly porous Janus membranes with unparalleled forward osmosis (FO) performance in terms of water flux and reverse salt flux. [21] Due to its dense architecture, ultrasmooth surface, and high negative surface charge, the PTAODH membrane exhibits excellent FO performance with minimal fouling, low reverse salt flux, and negligible dye passage to the draw solution side. [22] 2%) than the TFN-A because the substrate that contained GO could improve the porous structure and porosity, while the TFN-A membrane exhibited a lower reverse salt flux and higher salt rejection than the TFN-S membrane, indicating that the surface properties played a more important role than the substrate for the salt rejection. [23] Meanwhile, its reverse salt flux was only 1. [24] However, the salt concentration of the feed solution was increased due to the reverse salt flux of the draw solution, which may hinder the further processing of tannin-containing spruce bark extract. [25] The effect of draw solution (DS) temperature on the FO performance was first assessed in terms of flux, reverse salt flux (RSF), and specific RSF (SRSF). [26] 94 L/m2 h bar, while the reverse salt flux reduced from 0. [27] Water flux and reverse salt flux decreased with increasing the concentration of polysulfone polymer. [28] Conversely, there was not an upper limit to reverse salt flux. [29] The hollow fiber TFC FO membrane showed higher water flux and lower reverse salt flux than the CTA membrane in diluting process. [30] 7 LMH, representing 188% improvement compared to the TFC membrane, although the reverse salt flux negligible was increased. [31] The relative composition of zwitterion on active membrane surface was optimized by investigating the tradeoff between water permeability and reverse salt flux. [32] Both nanocomposite membranes (GPANILM and GPANILM-140) demonstrated excellent mechanical stability and their performances in terms of water permeation (JW) and reverse salt flux (Js) were verified using a regular FO desalination system. [33] 9 L m−2 h−1 and a comparable reverse salt flux of 1. [34] 7 g NaCl/L constant draw solution, water and reverse salt fluxes up to 5. [35] MgCl2 had a larger specific reverse salt flux and induced a more pronounced fouling-related flux decline with groundwater samples. [36] The performance of PA, PSF-PA, and physically combined PSF+PA membrane was compared in terms of water flux, reverse salt flux, and selectivity. [37] In this regard, reverse salt flux remarkably reduced from 2. [38] 8 LMH and low reverse salt flux of 3. [39] Overall, HTI-TFC membrane was most suited for concentrating distillery wastewater, but the effect of high reverse salt flux of this membrane needs to be further investigated. [40] However, the difference of water flux (Jw) and reverse salt flux (RSF) between measured and predicted data increases when both feed and draw temperatures also increase. [41] 74 L m−2 h−1, lower specific reverse salt flux of 0. [42] The experimental results illustrate that a highly crosslinked polyamide with low reverse salt flux could be formed on the PEG-b-PSF-b-PEG support, and the post-annealing treatment could tailor the membrane structure and properties of the PEG-b-PSF-b-PEG support to decrease its structure parameter without affecting the polyamide. [43] Potassium sorbate preservative was developed as draw solute to minimize the accumulation of a draw solute in the concentrated juice without interfering juice flavor, and the slow diffusion of potassium sorbate preservative across the FO membrane to the feed juice concentrate can also prevent the bacterial growth during the concentration process by taking advantage of reverse salt flux. [44] 10 °C) difference and valance of reverse salt flux (RSF) in forward osmosis membrane. [45] The water flux followed the sequence TFC-LDH > TFC ≈ LDH@TFC-LDH > LDH@TFC, while the reverse salt flux showed the opposite trend. [46] h–1 and a lower reverse salt flux (Js) of 9. [47]

Specific Salt Flux

1 times higher FO water flux and ∼68% lower specific salt flux than the membrane prepared via conventional aliphatic solvent-based interfacial polymerization (IP) in FO mode. [1] In an FO process, NG membranes achieved an outstanding specific salt flux of 0. [2] 5 times higher FO water flux and ∼63% lower specific salt flux (in FO mode) compared to the commercial HTI-CTA membrane. [3]

Molten Salt Flux

The phase stability of cubic and tetragonal yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was studied in the specific electrochemical conditions of current loading and molten salt flux. [1] The present review article covers the synthesis of inorganic fluorides using two types of molten media – molten salt fluxes and ionic liquids (IL). [2] We synthesized BaAl12O19:Eu2+ phosphors by the molten salt flux method at the relatively low temperature. [3]

Vertical Salt Flux

Here, we examine global ocean salinity changes and ocean vertical salt fluxes over the full depth in a dynamically consistent and data-constrained ocean state estimate. [1] Changes in the upper layer salinity might not be related to the accumulated river runoff only, but decadal changes of vertical salt flux might also contribute. [2]

salt flux method

The LiCl salt flux method is an established aid in oxyhydride synthesis. [1] We synthesized BaAl12O19:Eu2+ phosphors by the molten salt flux method at the relatively low temperature. [2] In this study, we probe the atomistic motion of La2LiHO3 obtained by the promising halide salt flux method, via a combination of deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS) and ab initio lattice dynamics (LD) calculations verified by vibrational inelastic neutron spectroscopy (INS). [3]

salt flux growth

Bulk samples were synthesized by arc melting above 2500 °C, and salt flux growth at ∼850 °C was used to create nanoscale materials. [1] Bulk samples were synthesized by arc melting above 2500 ºC and salt flux growth at ~850 ºC was used to create nanoscale materials. [2]