Introduction to Salt Attack

This paper aimed to study the influence of internal and external salt attack from seawater and sea-sand on the performance of mortars.

Factors affecting the stability of copper pigments in wall paintings—salt attack, oxalic acid, alkalinity and heat—are overviewed.

,The 1-h pre-oxidation treatment prior to hot corrosion showed superior hot corrosion resistance against molten salt attack.

The results showed that tested UHPC belongs to the highest class of water impermeability V-III, as well as the highest class MS0 (without visible damage) in a simulated freeze-thaw environment and de-icing salt attack test.

Physical salt attack (PSA) is a deterioration mechanism caused by crystallization of salts in pores.

Concrete durability remains a concern in the construction industry due to salt attacks that accelerate concrete deterioration.

It helps in the formation of protective oxides, which leads to better corrosion resistance against molten salt attack.

In this study, the mechanical (compressive strength and modulus of rupture) and durability properties (water absorption, salt attack-resistance, acid attack-resistance and alkali attack-resistance) of SC were evaluated after recasting without the addition of a new binder.

The most important influence of internal sea salt attack from mixing materials on the deterioration of concrete partially submerged in seawater was the change of pore distribution.

A scanning electron microscopy analysis of the exposed samples revealed the depth of corrosion and change in microstructure due to molten salt attack.

Conventional testing of physical salt attack (PSA) on concrete does not consider concomitant factors that may exist in service and alter the mechanisms and kinetics of PSA.

Among these different functional groups of microorganisms, lichens are known as pioneering rock-decomposing microorganisms, and both sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and fungi participate in the decomposition of sandstone via sulfur cycling and initiation of salt attack of the stone afterward, resulting in defoliation and cracking of stone.

The durability properties such as salt attack, volume change and ultra sonic pulse velocity (UPV) test were carried out at the age of 7, 28, 56 and 90 day on hardened concrete.

Physical salt attack (PSA) or salt weathering occurs as a result of the crystallization pressures in concrete pores exerted by phase changes of salts that penetrate the concrete.

Moreover, the durability of coated concrete was assessed under severe conditions: physical salt attack (PSA) and salt-frost scaling.

The long-term multi-cycle effect of the temperature gradient and physical salt attack on the compressive strength, Young’s modulus and durability of concrete was found to be negative.

The present paper aimed to point out the water absorption with salt attack on the durability of the Doger tuff (Afyonkarahisar- Turkey) used as building stones of cultural heritages.

The influence of single salt attack was not apparent on the variation of qu or friction angle φ, but it was significant on the cohesion variation.

This paper studies the durability properties of vegetal concrete exposed to extreme environmental conditions including immersion weathering, outdoor weathering, salt attack, and freeze-thaw attack.

Besides, the risk of salt attacks carried over the wall’s surface will further cause more damage.

The effect of salt attack on reinforced concrete structures in marine environment has become a source of concern to stakeholders in the construction industry.

The rate and intensity of weathering, examined in laboratory conditions by freeze-thaw and salt attack tests, is governed mainly by the following properties: open porosity; relative abundance of pumice, crystals, and groundmass; pore-size distribution; and tensile strength.

There is currently no standard test method to determine the physical salt attack (PSA) resistance of cement-based materials.

Development of a health monitoring system in situ is so important as to properly maintain concrete structures under severe salt attack.

However, the durability of FRCM systems, such as the resistance to salt attack, alkaline environments or moisture, is an issue that hasn't be thoroughly investigated yet.

However, very little is known about their durability against environmental aggression such as salt attack and freeze-thaw cycles, or elevated moisture content.

The compressive strength of concrete increased at the initial stage of deterioration, and then decreased until the time of 135 days when they came to the second ascension of small quantity and then entered the decline trend under the coupling effect of carbonization and acid-salt attack.

In hot drylands the main causes of concrete deterioration are physical salt attack by aggressive evaporite salts, reinforcement corrosion (e.

Changes in the salt attack resistance of concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) were examined based on different curing conditions.

The coated concrete samples recorded higher resistivity against acid and salt attack compared to uncoated one.

The deterioration mechanism is known as “physical sulfate attack,” “physical salt attack,” “salt weathering,” and so on.