Introduction to Salt Addition

Therefore, we study the effect of salt addition and incubation time, as the two important factor in commonly cabbage-based fermentation, combined with someoxalate-degrading-bacteria, which was L.

The influencing parameters, including the type of DES, amount of DES, extraction time, solution pH and salt addition, were investigated and optimized.

The effect of the type and volume of the extraction solvent in the pretreatment step, the volume of the disperser solvent (acetone extract), the type and volume of the extraction solvent, pH, and salt addition in the DLLME procedure was studied.

The aim of this study was to assess microbial mediated decomposition of two leaf species contrasting in quality (alder and oak) and associated descriptors, during salt-pulsed contamination (salinization period) and after cessation of salt additions (recovery period).

The salt addition resulted in the formation of spherical micelles and—upon addition of more electrolyte—of aggregates having a lamellar structure.

We conducted a 10 mo field experiment to investigate how a symbiosis between the salt marsh plant Spartina alterniflora and DSE fungi responded to increased resources (nutrient addition) and physical stress (salt addition).

In evaluation of the effect of salt addition, sodium carbonate, calcium chloride, iron chloride, and cobalt chloride increased the enzymatic activity of α-amylase, while potassium and sodium from their chlorides served as enzyme inhibitors.

Rebon Shrimp Paste (RSP) in Indonesia uses different percentages of salt addition, ranging from 2 to 20% or not at all.

On this basis, the proteins exhibited superior ability to stabilize the emulsions, and remarkably, the emulsions stabilized by 2% proteins and 3:7 oil/water ratio efficiently resisted the freeze-thaw treatment and the change of pH (3–9), salt addition (NaCl, 50–400 mM), and storage temperatures (4–60°C).

Especially in the wake of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused universities across the globe to suspend in-person classes, online alternatives for laboratory activities are needed Here, we report a choose-your-own-adventure (CYOA)-style activity, in which undergraduate general chemistry students influence the observed outcome of a prerecorded electrochemistry lab experiment During the activity, students decide how to build an electrochemical cell by varying experimental parameters including electrode charge, power source voltage, and salt addition We show evidence that students' understanding of electrochemistry concepts improved after completing the CYOA-style activity We propose that CYOA-style activities strike a good balance between the demand for instructor time and student opportunity to develop laboratory decision-making skills We suggest the use of CYOA-style activities as a better alternative to simply having students watch prerecorded videos of laboratory experiments when a traditional in-laboratory activity is impossible ©.

The optimum parameters which improve the efficiency are paper length 1 cm × 2 cm, adsorption time 15 min, eluent methanol, eluent volume 5 mL, sample pH 7, desorption time 2 min, 2% salt addition and 300 rpm stirring rate respectively.

The CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips remained stable from pH 2 to 5 at room temperature and can effectively slow the degradation of curcumin at 80 °C; however, they were highly unstable to salt addition.

Experiment 1 showed that salt addition (particularly 150 mM NaCl) reduced plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weights, photosynthetic traits, and leaf K+/Na+ ratio while increasing the leaf Na+ concentration of castor bean plants.

The aluminum melt with salt addition was ultrasonically stirred to achieve better dispersion of the particles and refine the cast microstructure.

Moreover, salt addition increased the viscosity of galactomannan solution when the ionic strength was 1 mmol/kg, which related to an increased occurrence of intermolecular interactions.

Salt addition reduces transition temperatures, with the most pronounced effects for poloxamers with high PEO molecular weights and PEO fractions.

Water uptake into the medium and slow pools was slowed by salt addition, with the medium pool thought to be cellular, while the slow pool is presumably related to endosperm hydration.

The significant proportion of salt intake is derived from salt additions during cooking and/or discretionary use at table.

The result shows that the best condition to optimize the antioxidant capacity is by performing the germination process at 25°C for 15 hours with soybean to water ratio being 1:3 without any salt addition.

Effects of mineral fertilizers and metal salt additions upon plant metal uptake and N resp C/N shifts were monitored and combined with results from batch-extraction as well as with release rates and released amounts obtained by a modified EUF (electro-ultra-filtration) method.

), acidic or neutral conditions (pH 2–7) without salt addition.

6 g/100ml), phenol concentration (50–500 mg/L), and inorganic salt addition (0.

Cumulative salt additions in the freshwater-euhaline continuum (0-35 g/kg) were administered to a freshwater sample aerosolized inside a breaking wave analogue tank.

The stabilizing effect of lysozymes to salt addition over a gold colloid are exploited in order to detect lysozymes in human urine samples.

The salt addition affects the structure and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) films as it reduces the hydrogen bonding in PVA chains and decreases the crystallinity.

Higher salt addition and radiation cause the temperature value that each specimen generated to become higher.

This study describes the effect of bile salt addition upon encapsulation locus of doxorubicin (DOX, a hydrophilic anticancer drug) in D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) micelles.

The main parameters include charging time, current density, and salt addition.

Salt addition at acidic pH could protect the protein from acid denaturation leading to a low heat denaturation at 62 °C–68 °C compared to heat denaturation at neutral pH.

The formation process can be approached by various ways, including gas flush, salt addition and pH regulation.

A high increase of the proline content was detected after salt addition in all somaclones ranged from 7.

The results of adsorption kinetics at 50 and 100 mg L–1 under optimum conditions (pH = 2, ionic strength = no salt addition, the solution volume = 25 mL, stirring time = 10 min and adsorbent weight = 0.

In the case of the aluminum salt addition, nanoparticles with a size of 27.

Percentage recovery is also influenced by formation of the appropriate bonds, sample flow rates, extraction time, salt addition, and sorbent mass.

We studied the effect of salt addition on a diblock copolymer system with a negative Flory–Huggins interaction parameter, χ, indicative of attractive interactions between the two blocks.

The influence of several effective parameters on the extraction efficiency, including sorbent amount, salt addition, pH, adsorption and desorption time, type and volume of elution solvent, type and volume of extraction solvent, and time and speed of centrifugation, was assessed.

For salinity treatments, salt addition rate was 0, 2, 4, and 6‰ of 0–60 cm soil dry weight, referred as S0 - S3, respectively.

In order to study the chicken pepsin stability over time, chicken proventriculus, whole or incised into four parts or incised into slices, without or with salt addition distributed into six (6) different lots, were dried under partial vacuum (47°C, 800 mbar).

However, CTAC molecules moved further inside the hydrocarbon phase upon salt addition.

The influence of salt addition on the rheological properties and sintering behaviour of ceramic samples was then investigated.

We investigated the effects of solvency and salt addition on the morphology, photoresponsivity, and fluorescence of the block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether-block-poly(6-[4-(4′-methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate) (PEG-b-PAzo).

Moreover, the important variables affecting the performance of applied microextraction technique including needle diameter, volume of the spiked sample, volume of the ionic liquid, salt addition, rotation speed of centrifugation, centrifuge time, and ultrasonic time were optimized by experimental design.

The mechanism of the influence of NaCl on the nucleation and phase transition of the PVDF thin films was revealed based on the synergistic effect of the electric field and salt addition.

In this study, we explore the effect of the electrospinning parameters — namely polymer concentration, voltage, tip-to-collector distance and flow rate — and salt addition on the diameter, morphology, and spinnability of electrospun PI nanofibers.

Soybean oil-storing organelles called oil bodies/oleosomes (OBs) are a potential eco-friendly plant-based emulsifier, whereas combinational effects of acid and salt addition on emulsifying properties of OBs were still unclear.

In the present study, under single-stage cultivation (mixotrophic mode), the effect of glucose and salt addition on biomass growth, lipid productivity, and FAME profiles in Graesiella emersonii NC-M1 were performed and analyzed.

For synthetic polyacrylamides and polypeptides/DNA, with unequal mixing stoichiometry, we report a general “looping-in” phenomenon found around physiological salt concentrations, where the polymer concentrations in the coacervate initially increase with salt addition before subsequently decreasing.

Several important parameters influencing extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized, including the type and volume of HDES, ultrasound time, solution pH and the amount of salt addition.

Salt addition increased soil salt from 2.

Results show that carbon black may enhance the decomposition of amounts of Ti3AlC2 at 1,100°C by heat treatment without salt addition, while molten salt plays key roles in the total decomposition of Ti3AlC2 and the formation of TiC nanosheets at 1,000°C.

This enables us to investigate the effect of salt addition on partitioning and bypasses recently described quenching artifacts in the dense phase.

The experiment was designed to study the effect of salt addition in carbonation at different levels of temperature and pressure.

The factors affecting the dispersive (micro) solid phase extraction of PAHs such as the design of the sorbent, the ratio of functional material to magnetic core, sample volume, amount of sorbent, extraction and desorption times, desorption solvent and its volume, salt addition, and sample pH are critically appraised.

The final extraction conditions were type of desorption solvent, acetonitrile; extraction time, 60 s; mass of sorbent, 15 mg; amount of biosurfactant, 40 mg; type of disperser solvent, tetrahydrofuran; volume of disperser solvent, 500 μL; desorption time, 4 min; salt addition, 5% w/v; and sample volume, 30 mL.

Salt addition has aim to inactivate of bacterial contamination.

The effects of water, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium phosphate buffer washing solutions, cycles, and salt addition were investigated.

Thus, this study demonstrated the importance of stimulating nitrifying bacteria with nitrogen salt addition prior to shrimp production.

On the other hand, increasing DTAB content, the salt effect is clearly detectable and ion-dependent: salt addition decreases the cmc in the order SCN- >> Br- > Cl-; moreover, halides seem to affect structural properties of mixed C8E5-DTAB systems very slightly whereas SCN- produce leads to a morphological change from a spherical to a cylindrical aggregate shape.

The effect of the salt addition on the sol-gel transition of cellulose solutions was studied using rheology, and morphology of resultant aerogels was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, while the salt influence on the aerocelluloses’ crystalline structure and thermal stability was evaluated using powder X-Ray Diffraction (pXRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), respectively.

S, sample solution pH and effect of salt addition.

0% salt addition matched the respective temperature distribution of tuna mince in both RF and MW tempering.

The effects of pH and salt addition were similar to those during nanobubble generation using ultrasonic cavitation.

The effect of the salt addition on the sol–gel transition of cellulose solutions was studied using rheology, and morphology of resultant aerogels was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, while the salt influence on the aerocelluloses’ crystalline structure and thermal stability was evaluated using powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively.

All factors affecting the extraction efficiencies of the target analytes, such as the amounts of acetonitrile and chloroform, the type and volume of reverse micelle solution, pH and volume of sample phase, dispersant, salt addition, extraction mode and time, centrifugation rate and time, were investigated and optimized.

The amount of the free water in the heat-induced gel products with the addition of both NaCl and STPP were the least as compared to systems with single salt addition, which was related to the coarse and dense network microstructure.

The influencing factors, including extraction and desorption solvent, desorption solvent volume, extraction and desorption time, extraction temperature, agitation speed, salt addition, and matrix effect were investigated.

5% of inorganic salt addition.

It is observed that both the decrement and the saturation value of the nanochannel size strongly depend on the concentration of the salt addition in polyelectrolyte solutions.

These phase diagrams unambiguously revealed that the liquidlike coacervation is more stable against salt addition at reduced local polarity over a wide range of molecular weights.

The role of lithium salt addition (LiTFSI) was also pointed, giving rise to the stability improvement of the electrolytic solution toward the lithium anode.

The present study suggests that CPME can be used as a green and efficient extraction solvent for the conversion of xylose into furfural without salt addition.

The result shows that the best condition to optimize the antioxidant capacity is by performing the germination process at 25°C for 15 hours with soybean to water ratio being 1:3 without any salt addition.

This contribution summarizes our recent published data on the hydration structure of a set of compatible osmolytes such as glycine, TMAO, proline, ectoine, glycine betaine under the effect of concentration, temperature, pressure, and salt addition.

Factors that may influence the efficiency including organic extraction solvent, pH, and composition of donor and acceptor phases, extraction time, and salt addition to the sample (donor phase) were investigated and optimized.

Optimization of the extraction factors affecting the method, including organic solvent type, sample solution pH, extraction time, rotational rate, the volume of sample and acceptor solutions, salt addition, and temperature was performed in order to obtain the best preconcentration factor.

The result shows that the colloidal stability with salt addition does not depend on the structural category.

Salt addition did not affect the intake of 2.

Salt addition can reduce or inhibit this vapor film formation, enhancing the uniformity of heat transfer during the cooling.

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with the aid of artificial neural networks (ANN–MOEA/D) was used for the first time in chemistry, environment, and food sciences to optimize several independent variables affecting the extraction efficiency, including disperser volume and extraction solvent volume, pH, and salt addition.

The optimization of reaction and extraction conditions, such as pH value, reaction time and temperature, concentration of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, type and dosage of the extraction solvent, speed and time of vortex, salt addition and centrifugation time are investigated in detail.

Factors affecting recovery were optimized individually, which included salt addition, surfactant addition, extraction temperature, DES amount and sample volume.

The results of the present study suggest that banded cichlid post-larvae showed higher survival rates in water without salt addition, however, the best growth of this species occurred at the salinity of 2 g/L.

The point of zero charge (PZC) of the developed beads was determined using the methods of salt addition, electrokinetic potential and the mass atitration.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of number of washes and salt addition on the meat quality in protein recovered from Alaska Pollock compared with pork leg.

The influences of solution pH, adsorption and desorption time, eluent and extractant, and salt addition on the extraction efficiency of PAEs were investigated.

Monovalent salt addition prior to crosslinking is shown to modify the extent of bundling, thereby influencing the magnitude of G'' overshoot and strain-stiffening.

These differences occur due to the different processing conditions which include salt addition, heat treatment, and higher degree of equipment ware out during virgin pumpkin seed oil production.

Two fumed silica nanoparticles (NPs) featuring different surface chemistries were used, and their ability to prevent destruction of the polymer network structure against salt addition and temperature increase was investigated.

The effect of significant parameters on the extraction process such as sample solution flow rate, breakthrough volume, sample pH, type and volume of the elution solvent as well as the salt addition were investigated and optimized.

Different parameters such as extraction solvent, disperser solvent, and volume of the extraction solvent, volume of the disperser solvent, centrifugation time and speed, salt addition, and sample pH were studied and optimized.