Introduction to Refractory Primary

What is/are Refractory Primary?

Refractory Primary - A 13-year-old female patient with refractory primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in the right eye who had a history of multiple glaucoma operations underwent ab interno 180-degree trabeculectomy with the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) targeting the nasal and inferior angles. ^[1] The last case was a patient with refractory primary cerebral lymphoma to standard therapy with confirmed CD20-positive B-cell lymphoma who underwent 177Lu-Rituximab. ^[2] Overcoming the slow-leaching kinetics of refractory primary copper sulfides is crucial to secure future copper sources. ^[3] METHODS We carried out a longitudinal clinical study in patients with refractory primary and secondary dystonia, who underwent radiofrequency (RF) unilateral and bilateral lesions on the postero-ventro-lateral globus pallidus internus (GPi), evaluating the outcomes through BFMDRS and variables as age, time of evolution, etiology, body distribution, planned target coordinates, and lesion size, during a mean follow-up time of 35. ^[4] Valuable metals were concentrated in smelting products so as to enable further processing, which also could be interesting in the case of treatment of complex, polymetallic, and refractory primary materials, which represent a significant contribution to the circular economy. ^[5] Background Relapsed or refractory primary CNS lymphoma (rrPCNSL) is a rare and challenging malignancy for which better evidence is needed to guide management. ^[6] Here we report on a Phase 1 dose escalation trial examining the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of FF-10101-01 in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory primary or secondary AML. ^[7] The purposes of this study were to investigate the efficacy and safety of a second-line treatment protocol administered in addition to twice daily low molecular weight heparin and low-dose aspirin to pregnant patients affected with high-risk ± refractory primary APS. ^[8] Case 2: A 30-year-old woman, who had refractory primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and received unspecified chemoimmunotherapy. ^[9] OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the impact on the obstetric outcomes of adding HCQ to classical treatments for women with refractory primary obstetric APS. ^[10] Is there a trend over the time period in increasing use of antiepileptic drugs, as reported in the cited Danish publication [4], with a decrease in use of valproate? What about other medications such as phenobarbital and phenytoin, which are still mentioned in pregnancy registers [3]? Valproate is reserved for very specific forms of epilepsy (therapy-refractory primary generalised epilepsies). ^[11] vulgaris oxymel (BO) in patients with refractory primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), who did not respond to current treatment. ^[12] Conclusion: PENS therapy shows potential as a relatively non-invasive, low-risk, and inexpensive component of the treatment options for refractory primary headache disorders, particularly CCH. ^[13] We present two case reports: one of frequently recurring lymphomatoid papulosis and the other of refractory primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified/not otherwise specified. ^[14] Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in refractory primary congenital glaucoma as well as primary procedure in aphakic glaucoma. ^[15] In recent years, decitabine is also used for steroid-resistant/refractory primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients, which can improve platelet count, reduce bleeding risk and improve patients′ prognosis. ^[16] Conclusions PENS therapy shows potential as a relatively non-invasive, low-risk, and inexpensive component of the treatment options for refractory primary headache disorders, particularly chronic cluster headache. ^[17] Objectives: To examine the safety and probable benefit at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24-months following completion of apheresis treatment using Liposorber® LA-15 system in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), due to refractory primary FSGS or primary FSGS associated NS, in post renal transplant children. ^[18] We report the first case of a refractory primaryacquired pregnancy-related TTP that was successfully controlled with long-term TPE. ^[19] Anti-CD38 human antibody Daratumumab in the treatment of relapsed or refractory primary light chain amyloidosis:2 cases report and literatures review Gao Su, Zhang Congli, Li Jian, Yan Han, Zhang Bo, Hu Yu, Sun Chunyan Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China Corresponding author: Sun Chunyan, Email: suncy0618@163. ^[20] : The treatment of refractory primary immune thrombocytopenia (RITP) remains challenging because of the lack of well tolerated and effective drugs. ^[21] The combination of venetoclax, daratumumab and dexamethasone for the treatment of refractory primary plasma cell leukemia To the Editor: Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare and aggressive form of multiple myeloma (MM) characterized by the presence of ≥20% circulating plasma cells in the peripheral blood. ^[22] PURPOSE Patients with relapsed or refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (rrPMBCL) have a poor prognosis, and their treatment represents an urgent and unmet need. ^[23] High-dose chemotherapy with autologous haematopoietic stem cell support for relapsed or refractory primary CNS lymphoma: a prospective multicentre trial by the German Cooperative PCNSL study group. ^[24] 01) and pruritus scores in patients with refractory primary biliary cholangitis (MD = -2. ^[25] Combination therapy incorporating Bcl-2 inhibition with Venetoclax for the treatment of refractory primary plasma cell leukemia with t (11;14). ^[26] Eligible patients had histologically confirmed relapsed or refractory primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology group performance score of 2 or less, were aged 18 years or older, and had received at least two previous systemic therapies. ^[27] Pallidal deep-brain stimulation is beneficial for medication-refractory primary generalized and possibly focal dystonia such as cervical dystonia. ^[28] The pathway was intended to reduce avoidable referrals of patients with straightforward primary headaches to secondary care and improve identification and referral of those with refractory primary headaches, any other (potentially more serious) form of headache or those in whom use of the pathway did not lead to a primary care diagnosis. ^[29] One such agent is brentuximab vedotin, a chimeric mab that targets the CD30 antigen, which has had FDA approval for treating patients with relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) or systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), with previously untreated stage III or IV cHL, and with refractory primary cutaneous ALCL or CD30positive mycosis fungoides. ^[30] (2015) High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed/refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. ^[31] We also investigated the role of the Hh inhibitor NVP-LDE225 in reversing drug resistance of refractory primary AML cells in vitro and the roles of multiple drug-resistant HL60/Adriamycin-resistant cells in vitro and in vivo (in a xenograft mouse model). ^[32] There is no proven treatment for ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)‐refractory primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) other than obeticholic acid. ^[33]

central nervous system

Tirabrutinib (ONO/GS-4059; Ono Pharmaceutical) is a newly developed drug that selectively and irreversibly inhibits Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and has been approved in Japan for treating relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). ^[1] Tirabrutinib, an irreversible BTK inhibitor with limited brain exposure, is the first BTK inhibitor approved for the treatment of recurrent or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma recently. ^[2] Relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (rrPCNSL) confers a poor prognosis with no accepted standard of care. ^[3] Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the preclinical and clinical activity of tirabrutinib, a drug approved in Japan for relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma and all lines of Waldenström macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. ^[4] Objective To investigate the indications, complications and prognosis of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). ^[5] (2017) PD-1 blockade with nivolumab in relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system and testicular lymphoma. ^[6] In this issue of Blood, Ferreri et al report preliminary results from the INGRID trial regarding the feasibility and safety of using engineered tumor necrosis factor-α for increasing blood-brain barrier permeability in patients with relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. ^[7]

open angle glaucoma

The study included 16 patients, 17 eyes with refractory primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and neovascular glaucoma. ^[1] We describe the case of an 84-year-old white gentleman who underwent right eye XEN implantation for refractory primary open-angle glaucoma who subsequently developed persistent hypotony secondary to an overfiltering bleb. ^[2] Results: A total of 16 consecutive patients with refractory primary open-angle glaucoma and uncontrolled intraocular pressure were included in this study. ^[3] Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) with 360° ab-interno trabeculotomy using the TRAB360 device as a stand-alone procedure in patients with refractory primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and preoperative IOP ≥18 mmHg. ^[4]

refractory primary central

Tirabrutinib (ONO/GS-4059; Ono Pharmaceutical) is a newly developed drug that selectively and irreversibly inhibits Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and has been approved in Japan for treating relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). ^[1] Tirabrutinib, an irreversible BTK inhibitor with limited brain exposure, is the first BTK inhibitor approved for the treatment of recurrent or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma recently. ^[2] Relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (rrPCNSL) confers a poor prognosis with no accepted standard of care. ^[3] Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the preclinical and clinical activity of tirabrutinib, a drug approved in Japan for relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma and all lines of Waldenström macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. ^[4] Objective To investigate the indications, complications and prognosis of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). ^[5] (2017) PD-1 blockade with nivolumab in relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system and testicular lymphoma. ^[6] In this issue of Blood, Ferreri et al report preliminary results from the INGRID trial regarding the feasibility and safety of using engineered tumor necrosis factor-α for increasing blood-brain barrier permeability in patients with relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. ^[7]

refractory primary open

The study included 16 patients, 17 eyes with