Introduction to Refractory Mutation

What is/are Refractory Mutation?

Refractory Mutation - Genetic testing (amplification-refractory mutation system) revealed EGFR exon 19 deletion. ^[1] -582 A>G) was detected by using an allele-specific or amplification-refractory mutation PCR system. ^[2] Additionally, we aimed to develop a quick and simple method for identifying EBN from different species based on the genetic information and amplification-refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR). ^[3] This study compared two methods of the NOTCH1mut assessment including droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and amplification-refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) untreated CLL patients. ^[4] Amplification-refractory mutation system PCR testing in the patient and his father revealed heterozygosity for HBB:c. ^[5] This grouping of the samples was validated by means of amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) assay as well as Sanger sequencing. ^[6] METHODS In a case control study, 189 ACS patients and 106 healthy control subjects were genotyped for SNPs rs11606033 of the DHCR7 gene and rs2276360 of the NADSYN1 gene using the amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS). ^[7] Amplification-Refractory Mutation System-qPCR (ARMS-qPCR) and Sanger Sequencing were used to detect BRAF V600E mutation. ^[8] Genomic DNA was extracted and genotype of common variants (rs7903146 C/T and rs12255372 G/T) was carried out by amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR of sequence specific oligonucleotides. ^[9] Overall, six different variants from three genes were genotyped including USP26 rs61741870, USP26 rs144039408, TEX15 rs323344, TEX15 rs61732458, TNP2 rs11640138 and TNP2 rs199536093 by using Amplification-refractory mutation system methods. ^[10] MethodsOne hundred five Philadelphia-negative MPN patients, including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) were initially screened for JAK2 mutations by amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) methodology and were further subjected to detection of CALR gene mutations by our in-house assay, a PCR based amplicon length differentiation assay (PCR-ALDA). ^[11] The identification of Anisakis species in Korean waters was performed using an amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS). ^[12]

system polymerase chain

Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) gene sequencing demonstrated mutations in both EGFR 21 (L858R) and PIK3CA (H1047R/E545K) mutations in adenocarcinoma (AC) component. ^[1] METHODS A total of 61 individuals clinically diagnosed to have thalassemia were genotyped with multiplex amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). ^[2] The hotspot JAK-STAT mutations were analyzed using Sanger sequencing and amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression by immunohistochemistry. ^[3] Genotyping was made through double amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMs PCR). ^[4] A total of 703 individuals, including 409 RA patients and 294 healthy controls, were genotyped using TaqMan assay and Tri primer ARMS-PCR (amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction) methods. ^[5] Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMs-PCR) was used for genotyping 1118 individuals recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) cohort study. ^[6] Typing of MYH9 was performed by refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). ^[7] We determined the genotypes of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism via amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) in a retrospective chart review. ^[8] Genotyping was performed through amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS PCR). ^[9] Using the salting-out method, genomic DNA was extracted, and variants were genotyped using allele-specific amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. ^[10] DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and used for genotyping of the FABP1 rs2241883T/C polymorphism using Tetra-Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra-ARMS PCR). ^[11] Genomic alterations in the MET gene, including the exon 14 skipping mutation and amplification, were detected using amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (2,057 cases) and next-generation sequencing (2,951 cases). ^[12] Genotyping was done by tetra-amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (Tetra ARMS-PCR). ^[13] The amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) was used to evaluate the BRAF V600E mutation level in total 362 samples. ^[14] Amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction with visualisation on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis was used for genotyping. ^[15] Genotyping was performed using tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (TARMS-PCR) for rs1718119, rs2230912, rs2393799, rs28360457, rs35933842, and allele-specific PCR for rs1653624 and rs3751143. ^[16] A total of 40 cases (portal vein thrombosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome) and 40 healthy controls were evaluated for the PAI-14G/5G polymorphism by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction along with thrombophilia workup. ^[17] Liver damages were examined by measuring ALT levels, and IL-10 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using Amplification-Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR). ^[18] Genomic DNA polymorphisms were performed by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique. ^[19] At the time of 40 days after surgery, EGFR 19del mutation in peripheral blood was undetectable using amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. ^[20] A total of 146 Pakistani CAD patients and 147 controls were genotyped by Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) and the data was analyzed by using 2-tailed Chi square (x2) test. ^[21] Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and genotyping was carried out by using amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction to detect polymorphism of IL-6 and IL-10 gene at the position − 174 and − 1082, respectively. ^[22] METHODS In this study, analyses of PGR gene polymorphisms in RPL couples were genotyped by amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. ^[23] The polymorphisms in TNFα-308, IFNγ+874, and IL10-1082 genes were typed using the amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction method (ARMS PCR). ^[24] 158G>A) by using amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) combined with fluorescent probe technology. ^[25] IL-13 rs1800925 SNPs were genotyped by allele amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. ^[26] Amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and plasma NGS were used as supplements. ^[27] Deoxyribonucleic acid extraction followed by tetra amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction was used to analyse the genotype variation T>G for single nucleotide polymorphism rs199953854 using allele-specific primers. ^[28] After genomic deoxyribonucleic acid extraction, genotyping in rs7333214 and rs7329857 polymorphisms was conducted using tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction and the obtained data were analyzed. ^[29] Assessment of targeted polymorphism was performed through tetra-primer Amplified Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (t-ARMS PCR). ^[30] We genotyped FTO rs1421085 using amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS PCR). ^[31] Methods In total, with 244 patients with lung adenocarcinoma as study subjects, including 141 males and 103 females, amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) was utilized for detecting multigene mutations. ^[32] The tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) method was applied for DNA genotyping. ^[33] Currently, direct DNA sequencing and multiple amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (MARMS-PCR) are the methods used to detect β-thal mutations, the latter being the most widely used. ^[34] FTO genotyping was performed by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). ^[35] The collected blood samples were investigated to see if there is any common mutations which may trigger β-Thalassemia employing amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) approach. ^[36] VDR polymorphism was examined using the Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. ^[37] Three representative genes, EGFR, ALK, and ROS1, were examined by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. ^[38] Patients and methods: Based on multiplex amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 228 subjects (n=228; mean age: 70. ^[39] Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) and direct sequencing were used for detection of different mutations. ^[40] DNA was extracted and genotyping was carried out by using amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction. ^[41]

polymerase chain reaction

This study aims to develop three fast economical assays for prompt identifications of the D614G mutation including Taqman probe-based real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT PCR), an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) RT and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), in nasopharyngeal swab samples. ^[1] 1699G > A) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and tetra-primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System- polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). ^[2] Due to the low abundance of tumor-derived DNA in cell-free DNA samples, methods with high sensitivity were preferred, including digital polymerase chain reaction, amplification refractory mutation system and next-generation sequencing. ^[3] 66A>G (rs1801394) variants were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and a designed amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) method, respectively. ^[4] This study aims to develop three fast economical assays for prompt identifications of the D614G mutation including Taqman probe-based real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT PCR), an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) RT and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), in nasopharyngeal swab samples. ^[5] Primary mutation analysis and single nucleotide polymorphisms were done by amplification refractory mutation system-based polymerase chain reaction. ^[6] HPSE rs12331678 and rs12503843 were genotyped in 70 HCC-diagnosed patients and 30 healthy controls by modified amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS PCR) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. ^[7] The presence of heterozygous Hb Lepore in father, βthalassemia (IVS I-5 G>C) mutation in mother and compound heterozygote Hb Lepore/β-thalassemia (IVS I-5 G>C) in patient was confirmed by gap polymerase chain reaction (GapPCR) [1] and amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR [2]. ^[8] Genotyping done by usingTetra Amplification Refractory Mutation System – Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) technique. ^[9] Materials and Methods: The spectrum of mutations in GBA gene in 26 unrelated patients with GD from different Iranian populations was determined by DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) methods. ^[10] In addition, in conjunction with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique based on the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS), SNP-STRs can be used for forensic unbalanced DNA mixture analysis based on capillary electrophoresis (CE), which is the most commonly used platform in worldwide forensic laboratories. ^[11] All clinically affected animals along with 20 randomly selected healthy dogs were tested using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify variants from the samples. ^[12] All subjects were genotyped for two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each gene TCF7L2 (+9017G>T and -41435C>T) and PPARG (-44458C>G, -17676A>G) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) and amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR). ^[13] We here propose a rapid, simple, and cost‐effective amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)‐based multiplex reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to identify six distinct phylogenetic clades: S, L, V, G, GH, and GR. ^[14] DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells of subjects to genotype the IL-6 -174G>C and -572 G>C polymorphisms by amplification refractory mutation system (RFLP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ^[15] In this study, we used the ΔCt value (mutant cycle threshold [Ct] value-internal control Ct value) generated during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to convert super-amplification-refractory mutation system (superARMS) from a qualitative method to a semi-quantitative method named reformed-superARMS (R-superARMS), and evaluated its performance in detecting EGFRm in plasma ctDNA in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. ^[16] The CTLA-4 gene fragment corresponding to CTLA-4+49G/A polymorphism was amplified and genotyped using tetra primer refractory mutation of the polymerase chain reaction system (T ARMS PCR) methods. ^[17] The mutation status of EGFR exon 18-21 was detected by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplified refractory mutation system. ^[18] An EGFR mutation examination utilized amplification refractory mutation specific (ARMS) polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and Scorpion technologies for detection; direct sequencing was performed if a negative result was found in the ARMS PCR. ^[19] METHODS: Twenty-eight blood samples of haematologically suspected β-thalassemia from participant of thalassemia screening program in Yogyakarta Special Region were investigated for β-globin gene mutation by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and DNA sequencing. ^[20] Methods: Eighty-seven patients with different background diseases were tested for JAK2 V617F mutation by four different methods, including polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS), polymerase chain reaction-high resolution melting (PCR-HRM), and two different commercial kits. ^[21] Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) analysis technique was used for genotyping the HHB gene. ^[22] The polymorphisms were analysed using amplified refractory mutation system – polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. ^[23] Genotyping was carried out using polymerase chain reaction-amplification refractory mutation system. ^[24] Materials and methods The selected variation (rs8176318G>T) was genotyped in BC patients (n = 300) and healthy controls (n = 300) using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR)]. ^[25] We here compared the suitability of four methods for the screening of SNPs in the PADI4 gene: (i) SYBR-green based real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by high resolution melting curve analysis (HRM-PCR); (ii) PCR followed by detection of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP); (iii) conventional tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR); and (iv) real-time PCR based on the one-step ARMS-PCR. ^[26] Multiplex gap-polymerase chain reaction (gap-PCR), amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR and direct sequencing were used for the detection of different mutations on the α-globin (HBA1 and HBA2) genes. ^[27] Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system‐PCR methods were used to assess the polymorphisms of FcγRs IIa, IIIa, and IIIb genes. ^[28]

tetra primer amplification

NLRP3 (rs10754558) polymorphism was done by real time PCR and PTPN22 1858C/T (rs2476601) genotype was identified by tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. ^[1] Tetra Primer-Amplification Refractory Mutation System based Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS PCR) can make DNA testing faster in a low-cost setting. ^[2] Factors assessed using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction included age, smoking, naswar, betel leaves and nuts. ^[3] Methods A total of 199 opioid-addicted individuals and 117 unaffected control subjects were genotyped for rs3745274 and rs3211371 polymorphisms of the CYP2B6 gene using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. ^[4] We evaluated the tetra primer-amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR), restriction site mutation (RSM), and high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis methods for rapid resistance detection based on ERG11 polymorphism in C. ^[5] Genotyping of rs9939609 polymorphism was performed by the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) method. ^[6] Therefore, this study explores the association of ovarian steroids, LIF and LIFR stop‐gained variant using the tetra primer amplification refractory mutation system‐polymerase chain reaction (TARMS‐PCR) with unexplained infertility (UEX‐IF) among Pakistani women. ^[7] Genotyping for 429T/C was done by tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. ^[8] Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system was performed in the detection of XRCC1 Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp polymorphisms. ^[9] The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain (ARMS-PCR) reaction method was used to determine the genotypes and to establish the association of each variant with T2DM through inherited models. ^[10] Three candidate variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and allele frequency of each variant was also determined in 300 healthy ethnically matched people using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. ^[11] This can be achieved through the use of tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (Tetra-primer ARMS PCR). ^[12] Hence, we developed the OVATE gene-based functional marker using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system (T-ARMS) strategy. ^[13] Blood samples were genotyped using the tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system-PCR and the results were confirmed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. ^[14] The interleukin receptor-associated kinase-1 polymorphism was determined using multiplex tetra primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction. ^[15] Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system – polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) was used for genotyping. ^[16] SNP genotyping was performed utilizing tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. ^[17] Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS PCR) was used for rs505151, and amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain (ARMS-PCR) was utilized to detect the rs11591147 polymorphism. ^[18] Methods To study the possible role of the RXR genes in genetic susceptibility of dyslipidemia, three selected polymorphisms, rs3132294 located in RXRA (RXR-alpha) gene and rs2651860 and rs1128977 located in RXRG (RXR-gamma) gene, were investigated in 391 individuals with the use of tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS PCR) method. ^[19] We genotyped two SNPs (rs2910164 and rs57095329) of the miR-146a using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) methods. ^[20] A tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction was used to test LGALS-3 (rs4652), and galectin3 expression was tested with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. ^[21] Genotyping CTLA-4 (+49A/G) gene was performed using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction technique (T-ARMS-PCR). ^[22] Therefore, this study detected the potential polymorphisms of the Boule gene in goats via the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR). ^[23] In the current study, we genotyped two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the lncRNA H19 (rs2839698 and rs217727) in a population of 402 MS patients and 392 healthy subjects using tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system-PCR technique. ^[24]

next generation sequencing

Amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to detect EGFR mutation. ^[1] At present, the approaches include digital PCR (dPCR), Bead, Emulsion, Amplification and Magnetic (BEAMing), Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS), etc. ^[2] Methods We qualitatively detected baseline EGFR status of NSCLC tissues using amplification-refractory mutation system and quantified the plasma abundance of EGFR mutations through next-generation sequencing (NGS). ^[3] EGFR mutation was identified using the scorpion amplification refractory mutation system method (ARMS) or next-generation sequencing technology (NGS). ^[4]

quantitative polymerase chain

METHODS We used a combined strategy of amplification-refractory mutation system-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to determine m. ^[1] Chest computerized tomography (CT), hematoxylin and eosin histological examination, immunohistochemistry, allele refractory mutation system‐based quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of EGFR point mutations, and next-generation sequencing were performed for diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy evaluation. ^[2] Materials and Methods: In order to study the hpbk mouse line, we describe how we applied several tools, including quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), multiplex tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) and Sanger sequencing, toward the recognition of heterozygous and homozygous mice. ^[3]

fragment length polymorphism

We performed genotyping of patients treated with clopidogrel and aspirin by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) methods. ^[1] The H19 polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism or amplification refractory mutation system‐polymerase chain reaction methods. ^[2]

non small cell

BackgroundBy comparing the detection rate and type of targeted gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS), the characteristics and application advantages of non-small cell lung cancer detection are explained, providing a basis for clinicians to effectively select the corresponding detection methods. ^[1] By comparing the detection rate and type of targeted gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), the characteristics and application advantages of non-small cell lung cancer detection are explained, providing a basis for clinicians to effectively select the corresponding detection methods. ^[2]

cell lung cancer

Purpose: This multi-center retrospective study determines whether the ΔCT value of the Amplified Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) predicts the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in EGFR-mutant advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ^[1]

small cell lung

背景与目的 表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）是非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）患者中突变率最高的基因，准确检测出其突变类型有助于指导患者接受靶向药物治疗从而延长患者生存期。为了得到准确的检查结果，基因检测平台对标本质量有一定要求。已有文献报道标本的肿瘤细胞数量及其比例等会影响EGFR基因突变检出率，本研究旨在分析NSCLC小活检标本质量与突变扩增系统（amplification refractory mutation system, ARMS）法检测EGFR基因突变检出率的关系。 方法 收集299例小活检肺腺癌病例的临床特征、在显微镜下评估切片的肿瘤细胞数量及比例、标本提取的DNA浓度、EGFR基因突变检测结果，分析标本质量与EGFR基因突变检出率的关系。 结果 肿瘤细胞数≤500组与 > 500组EGFR基因突变阳性率分别为40. ^[1]

restriction fragment length

Genotyping of HOTAIR polymorphisms was carried out using both restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction and amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction methods. ^[1]

system‐polymerase chain reaction

The rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism was genotyped using the tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system‐polymerase chain reaction (T‐ARMS‐PCR). ^[1]

Amplification Refractory Mutation

cDNA was used for amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR reaction. ^[1] An EGFR exon 19 deletion was identified using amplification refractory mutation system. ^[2] This study aims to develop three fast economical assays for prompt identifications of the D614G mutation including Taqman probe-based real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT PCR), an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) RT and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), in nasopharyngeal swab samples. ^[3] Amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to detect EGFR mutation. ^[4] An additional procedure, the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) method, was applied to identify the variant within the same group. ^[5] BackgroundBy comparing the detection rate and type of targeted gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS), the characteristics and application advantages of non-small cell lung cancer detection are explained, providing a basis for clinicians to effectively select the corresponding detection methods. ^[6] Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) gene sequencing demonstrated mutations in both EGFR 21 (L858R) and PIK3CA (H1047R/E545K) mutations in adenocarcinoma (AC) component. ^[7] 1699G > A) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and tetra-primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System- polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). ^[8] NLRP3 (rs10754558) polymorphism was done by real time PCR and PTPN22 1858C/T (rs2476601) genotype was identified by tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. ^[9] Genotyping of rs699 and rs4762 was conducted using the tetra-primers amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR). ^[10] METHODS BRAF and TERT promoter mutation status of 250 papillary thyroid cancer was determined using both Amplification Refractory Mutation System quantitative PCR (ARMS-qPCR) and Sanger sequencing to compare the sensitivity of these two methods. ^[11] METHODS A total of 61 individuals clinically diagnosed to have thalassemia were genotyped with multiplex amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). ^[12] Genotyping analysis of CCL5 rs2107538 was performed by using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) method. ^[13] The hotspot JAK-STAT mutations were analyzed using Sanger sequencing and amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression by immunohistochemistry. ^[14] Due to the low abundance of tumor-derived DNA in cell-free DNA samples, methods with high sensitivity were preferred, including digital polymerase chain reaction, amplification refractory mutation system and next-generation sequencing. ^[15] Amplification refractory mutation systems (ARMS) and ABI 7500 fluorescence qPCR were used to detect ALK gene. ^[16] The polymorphism of IFN-γ T/A +874 gene, which amplified by using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) was showed high percentage of A allele frequency in COVID 19 patients sample in comparison with T allele frequency, and the A allele revealed as etiological fraction with risk by having COVID 19 disease, whereas the T allele showed high frequency from the A allele frequency in control specimen, and the A allele revealed as preventive fraction from infection by this disease. ^[17] Genotyping of the rs534654 was carried out using the tetra primers- amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (4P-ARMS-PCR) method in 203 patients with BD type 1 and their healthy and normal counterpart. ^[18] Tetra Primer-Amplification Refractory Mutation System based Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS PCR) can make DNA testing faster in a low-cost setting. ^[19] Genotyping was made through double amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMs PCR). ^[20] Further trials show the novel method works effectively to discriminate mutations in not only general allele specific (AS)-PCRs, but also amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR. ^[21] At present, the approaches include digital PCR (dPCR), Bead, Emulsion, Amplification and Magnetic (BEAMing), Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS), etc. ^[22] By comparing the detection rate and type of targeted gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), the characteristics and application advantages of non-small cell lung cancer detection are explained, providing a basis for clinicians to effectively select the corresponding detection methods. ^[23] Factors assessed using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction included age, smoking, naswar, betel leaves and nuts. ^[24] Furthermore, the IL-18 rs1946518 polymorphism was assessed using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR. ^[25] Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMs-PCR) was used for genotyping 1118 individuals recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) cohort study. ^[26] This study aims to develop three fast economical assays for prompt identifications of the D614G mutation including Taqman probe-based real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT PCR), an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) RT and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), in nasopharyngeal swab samples. ^[27] DNA of 426 individuals, including 224 smokers and 202 healthy people, were extracted with the salting-out standard technique, qualified with Agarose gel, then quantified with Nanodrop, and finally genotyped by Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) PCR. ^[28] We determined the genotypes of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism via amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) in a retrospective chart review. ^[29] The present study aims to analyze the relationship between the quality of small biopsy specimens of NSCLC and the mutation rate of EGFR gene with amplification refractory mutation system (ARSM) test. ^[30] The amplification refractory mutation system-PCR was used to identified mutation in exon 9. ^[31] 背景与目的 表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）是非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）患者中突变率最高的基因，准确检测出其突变类型有助于指导患者接受靶向药物治疗从而延长患者生存期。为了得到准确的检查结果，基因检测平台对标本质量有一定要求。已有文献报道标本的肿瘤细胞数量及其比例等会影响EGFR基因突变检出率，本研究旨在分析NSCLC小活检标本质量与突变扩增系统（amplification refractory mutation system, ARMS）法检测EGFR基因突变检出率的关系。 方法 收集299例小活检肺腺癌病例的临床特征、在显微镜下评估切片的肿瘤细胞数量及比例、标本提取的DNA浓度、EGFR基因突变检测结果，分析标本质量与EGFR基因突变检出率的关系。 结果 肿瘤细胞数≤500组与 > 500组EGFR基因突变阳性率分别为40. ^[32] In this study we have examined the association of miR126 rs4636297 and Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) gene Variations rs7713645, rs706713 (Tyr73Tyr), and rs3730089 (Met326Ile) with T2D using the amplification refractory mutation system PCR. ^[33] We performed genotyping of patients treated with clopidogrel and aspirin by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) methods. ^[34] Genotyping was performed through amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS PCR). ^[35] Primary mutation analysis and single nucleotide polymorphisms were done by amplification refractory mutation system-based polymerase chain reaction. ^[36] HPSE rs12331678 and rs12503843 were genotyped in 70 HCC-diagnosed patients and 30 healthy controls by modified amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS PCR) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. ^[37] Ten drive genes of EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, HER2, RET, PIK3CA, and MET were combined detected at one step by the amplification refractory mutation system and ABI 7500 RT-qPCR. ^[38] Methods A total of 199 opioid-addicted individuals and 117 unaffected control subjects were genotyped for rs3745274 and rs3211371 polymorphisms of the CYP2B6 gene using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. ^[39] Methods: From July 2016 to September 2018, EGFR gene mutations in 40 lung tumor tissue samples and pleural fluid samples from NSCLC patients in Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital were assessed by the amplification refractory mutation system method. ^[40] Genotyping of HOTAIR polymorphisms was carried out using both restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction and amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction methods. ^[41] DNA was extracted and the extract was used for detection of C3S and C3F alleles by using Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS). ^[42] The study design was based on biochemical analysis of OA via serum hyaluronic acid (HA) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test and genetic analysis based on amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR. ^[43] We evaluated the tetra primer-amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR), restriction site mutation (RSM), and high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis methods for rapid resistance detection based on ERG11 polymorphism in C. ^[44] Using the salting-out method, genomic DNA was extracted, and variants were genotyped using allele-specific amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. ^[45] Genotyping of rs9939609 polymorphism was performed by the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) method. ^[46] DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and used for genotyping of the FABP1 rs2241883T/C polymorphism using Tetra-Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra-ARMS PCR). ^[47] Genomic alterations in the MET gene, including the exon 14 skipping mutation and amplification, were detected using amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (2,057 cases) and next-generation sequencing (2,951 cases). ^[48] Genotyping done by usingTetra Amplification Refractory Mutation System – Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) technique. ^[49] The tetra primers -Amplification Refractory Mutation System-PCR method was used for genotyping. ^[50]

Amplified Refractory Mutation

Purpose: This multi-center retrospective study determines whether the ΔCT value of the Amplified Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) predicts the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in EGFR-mutant advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ^[1] EGFR mutation testing was performed using Scorpion amplified refractory mutation system (ARMS) technology. ^[2] The mutation status of EGFR exon 18-21 was detected by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplified refractory mutation system. ^[3] The polymorphisms were analysed using amplified refractory mutation system – polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. ^[4] Tetra-primer Amplified refractory mutation system-PCR (Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR) was employed for rs11838776 and rs4880. ^[5] Assessment of targeted polymorphism was performed through tetra-primer Amplified Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (t-ARMS PCR). ^[6]

refractory mutation system

cDNA was used for amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR reaction. ^[1] An EGFR exon 19 deletion was identified using amplification refractory mutation system. ^[2] This study aims to develop three fast economical assays for prompt identifications of the D614G mutation including Taqman probe-based real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT PCR), an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) RT and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), in nasopharyngeal swab samples. ^[3] Genetic testing (amplification-refractory mutation system) revealed EGFR exon 19 deletion. ^[4] Amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to detect EGFR mutation. ^[5] An additional procedure, the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) method, was applied to identify the variant within the same group. ^[6] BackgroundBy comparing the detection rate and type of targeted gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS), the characteristics and application advantages of non-small cell lung cancer detection are explained, providing a basis for clinicians to effectively select the corresponding detection methods. ^[7] Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) gene sequencing demonstrated mutations in both EGFR 21 (L858R) and PIK3CA (H1047R/E545K) mutations in adenocarcinoma (AC) component. ^[8] 1699G > A) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and tetra-primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System- polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). ^[9] NLRP3 (rs10754558) polymorphism was done by real time PCR and PTPN22 1858C/T (rs2476601) genotype was identified by tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. ^[10] Genotyping of rs699 and rs4762 was conducted using the tetra-primers amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR). ^[11] METHODS BRAF and TERT promoter mutation status of 250 papillary thyroid cancer was determined using both Amplification Refractory Mutation System quantitative PCR (ARMS-qPCR) and Sanger sequencing to compare the sensitivity of these two methods. ^[12] Purpose: This multi-center retrospective study determines whether the ΔCT value of the Amplified Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) predicts the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in EGFR-mutant advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ^[13] METHODS A total of 61 individuals clinically diagnosed to have thalassemia were genotyped with multiplex amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). ^[14] Genotyping analysis of CCL5 rs2107538 was performed by using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) method. ^[15] The hotspot JAK-STAT mutations were analyzed using Sanger sequencing and amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression by immunohistochemistry. ^[16] Due to the low abundance of tumor-derived DNA in cell-free DNA samples, methods with high sensitivity were preferred, including digital polymerase chain reaction, amplification refractory mutation system and next-generation sequencing. ^[17] Additionally, we aimed to develop a quick and simple method for identifying EBN from different species based on the genetic information and amplification-refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR). ^[18] Amplification refractory mutation systems (ARMS) and ABI 7500 fluorescence qPCR were used to detect ALK gene. ^[19] METHODS We used a combined strategy of amplification-refractory mutation system-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to determine m. ^[20] The polymorphism of IFN-γ T/A +874 gene, which amplified by using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) was showed high percentage of A allele frequency in COVID 19 patients sample in comparison with T allele frequency, and the A allele revealed as etiological fraction with risk by having COVID 19 disease, whereas the T allele showed high frequency from the A allele frequency in control specimen, and the A allele revealed as preventive fraction from infection by this disease. ^[21] Genotyping of the rs534654 was carried out using the tetra primers- amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (4P-ARMS-PCR) method in 203 patients with BD type 1 and their healthy and normal counterpart. ^[22] Tetra Primer-Amplification Refractory Mutation System based Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS PCR) can make DNA testing faster in a low-cost setting. ^[23] 66A>G (rs1801394) variants were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and a designed amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) method, respectively. ^[24] Genotyping was made through double amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMs PCR). ^[25] Further trials show the novel method works effectively to discriminate mutations in not only general allele specific (AS)-PCRs, but also amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR. ^[26] A total of 703 individuals, including 409 RA patients and 294 healthy controls, were genotyped using TaqMan assay and Tri primer ARMS-PCR (amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction) methods. ^[27] At present, the approaches include digital PCR (dPCR), Bead, Emulsion, Amplification and Magnetic (BEAMing), Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS), etc. ^[28] By comparing the detection rate and type of targeted gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), the characteristics and application advantages of non-small cell lung cancer detection are explained, providing a basis for clinicians to effectively select the corresponding detection methods. ^[29] Factors assessed using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction included age, smoking, naswar, betel leaves and nuts. ^[30] Furthermore, the IL-18 rs1946518 polymorphism was assessed using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR. ^[31] Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMs-PCR) was used for genotyping 1118 individuals recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) cohort study. ^[32] Typing of MYH9 was performed by refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). ^[33] This study aims to develop three fast economical assays for prompt identifications of the D614G mutation including Taqman probe-based real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT PCR), an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) RT and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), in nasopharyngeal swab samples. ^[34] DNA of 426 individuals, including 224 smokers and 202 healthy people, were extracted with the salting-out standard technique, qualified with Agarose gel, then quantified with Nanodrop, and finally genotyped by Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) PCR. ^[35] We determined the genotypes of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism via amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) in a retrospective chart review. ^[36] The present study aims to analyze the relationship between the quality of small biopsy specimens of NSCLC and the mutation rate of EGFR gene with amplification refractory mutation system (ARSM) test. ^[37] This study compared two methods of the NOTCH1mut assessment including droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and amplification-refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) untreated CLL patients. ^[38] The amplification refractory mutation system-PCR was used to identified mutation in exon 9. ^[39] 背景与目的 表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）是非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）患者中突变率最高的基因，准确检测出其突变类型有助于指导患者接受靶向药物治疗从而延长患者生存期。为了得到准确的检查结果，基因检测平台对标本质量有一定要求。已有文献报道标本的肿瘤细胞数量及其比例等会影响EGFR基因突变检出率，本研究旨在分析NSCLC小活检标本质量与突变扩增系统（amplification refractory mutation system, ARMS）法检测EGFR基因突变检出率的关系。 方法 收集299例小活检肺腺癌病例的临床特征、在显微镜下评估切片的肿瘤细胞数量及比例、标本提取的DNA浓度、EGFR基因突变检测结果，分析标本质量与EGFR基因突变检出率的关系。 结果 肿瘤细胞数≤500组与 > 500组EGFR基因突变阳性率分别为40. ^[40] In this study we have examined the association of miR126 rs4636297 and Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) gene Variations rs7713645, rs706713 (Tyr73Tyr), and rs3730089 (Met326Ile) with T2D using the amplification refractory mutation system PCR. ^[41] We performed genotyping of patients treated with clopidogrel and aspirin by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) methods. ^[42] Genotyping was performed through amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS PCR). ^[43] Primary mutation analysis and single nucleotide polymorphisms were done by amplification refractory mutation system-based polymerase chain reaction. ^[44] Amplification-refractory mutation system PCR testing in the patient and his father revealed heterozygosity for HBB:c. ^[45] HPSE rs12331678 and rs12503843 were genotyped in 70 HCC-diagnosed patients and 30 healthy controls by modified amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS PCR) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. ^[46] Ten drive genes of EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, HER2, RET, PIK3CA, and MET were combined detected at one step by the amplification refractory mutation system and ABI 7500 RT-qPCR. ^[47] Methods A total of 199 opioid-addicted individuals and 117 unaffected control subjects were genotyped for rs3745274 and rs3211371 polymorphisms of the CYP2B6 gene using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. ^[48] Methods: From July 2016 to September 2018, EGFR gene mutations in 40 lung tumor tissue samples and pleural fluid samples from NSCLC patients in Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital were assessed by the amplification refractory mutation system method. ^[49] Genotyping of HOTAIR polymorphisms was carried out using both restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction and amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction methods. ^[50]