Introduction to Refractory Infection

What is/are Refractory Infection?

Refractory Infection - A refractory infection associated with the abdominal incision site proved unresponsive to surgical debridement and multiple courses of oral antibiotic treatment over 10 weeks, resulting in relinquishment of the cat. ^[1] Analyses were done to show association of therapeutic regimens with the refractory infection, changes in sequence types (STs) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, and progression of histopathological changes. ^[2] , fever, night sweats, and weight loss) and is associated with higher rates of recurrent CDI and refractory infection [5]. ^[3] Aims: Cervical carcinogenesis is a multi-step process associated with refractory infection by highrisk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. ^[4] She had obvious spinal protrusion of lateral bending deformity and kyphosis with “S” type distortion, and had a huge dorsal mass with refractory infection. ^[5] Secnidazole plus mebendazole (200 mg every 8 hours for 3 days) cured 100/115 (87%) of nitroimidazole refractory infections. ^[6] A 38-year-old Japanese man without any significant past medical history was referred to our clinic to undergo further examination for a “refractory infection in his joints”. ^[7] The attenuation of this striking peptidase therefore emerges as an alternative and promising antivirulence strategy to combat antibiotic-refractory infections caused by P. ^[8] Based on the published definitions, we categorized patients as either having refractory CMV (defined as CMV viremia that fails to decrease after at least 2 weeks of appropriately dosed and delivered antiviral therapy; and in the absence of known genetic mutations to the available antiviral agents) or resistant CMV infection (defined as refractory infection with identification of genetic mutations in the UL97 and/or UL54 genes correlating with in vitro antiviral resistance). ^[9] 4,6 Although our results should be validated by further studies involving other clonal lineages, the ability to produce biofilm may be responsible for maintaining refractory infections due to KPC-2-Kp isolates, with an impact on polymyxin B resistance development. ^[10] The understanding of this interplay/evolution between the host and the pathogen during infection, with specific attention towards low-cytotoxicity isolates, will help to optimize treatment strategies for invasive and therapy-refractory infection courses. ^[11] In addition, phage therapy is revived as an effective option for treating refractory infections after failure with antibiotic treatment. ^[12] Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which is a safe strategy for reconstruction of the gut microbiota, has a positive influence on the treatment of refractory infections such as those in patients with GS. ^[13] Introduction: Cervical carcinogenesis is a multi-step process associated with refractory infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. ^[14] Existing literature indicates that removal of infected hardware is essential for the clearance of refractory infection. ^[15] Our data suggest that RFP may serve as a potential anti-virulence agent for refractory infection by hvKP. ^[16] Background & Aim Background Adoptive therapy with 3rd party virus-specific T cells has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of refractory infection complicating hematopoietic stem cell (HCT) and solid organ (SOT) transplant. ^[17] LYZOX may serve as a novel candidate drug that could be used for the control of refractory infections. ^[18] aeruginosa refractory infections and possible resistance mechanisms of this microorganism to different API protocols. ^[19] More than half of patients (55%; n = 10) died from refractory infection, including all of those with disseminated disease (n = 5). ^[20] Objective: To review the patient characteristics and outcomes for children and undergoing central neck dissection for control of recurrent thyroglossal duct cysts and fistula following prior Sistrunk procedures and children requiring surgery for refractory infection. ^[21] However, extended immersion often results in skin ulcers and refractory infections, creating a vicious cycle. ^[22] BACKGROUND Recurrent or refractory infections can be a warning sign of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID). ^[23] Background Onychomycosis is a common refractory infection deleteriously affecting quality of life via social stigma and upsetting day-to-day activities. ^[24] Between April 2008 and May 2017, 397 patients underwent LVAD implantation, with 32 of those patients subsequently receiving exchange upon the recommendation of our multidisciplinary team due to refractory infection (n=12), device malfunction (n=5), hemolysis (n=9) and pump thrombosis (n=6). ^[25] Vaccination plays a crucial role in the control of infectious diseases, but often fails to eradicate certain refractory infections for which the development of an effective vaccine is eagerly desired but elusive. ^[26] It suggests that nAIGAs may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of TM infections, and may be associated with more severe, refractory infection. ^[27] The third patient did not receive a second operation, and the refractory infection was still present. ^[28] The rapid recurrence of pelvic hematoma and the refractory infection of pelvic cavity made necessary to disarticulate the prosthetic hip joint, after several attempts to apply conservative treatment. ^[29] RESULTS Twenty-four patients underwent HM2 to HVAD exchange due to PT (92%) and refractory infection (8%). ^[30] Background Children and young adults who develop treatment-refractory infection with EBV, CMV, and/or adenovirus (AdV) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) have a dismal prognosis (≥90% mortality). ^[31] Conclusion: The emergence of drug-resistant strains is an important factor leading to refractory infections. ^[32]