Introduction to Refractory Hypoxia

What is/are Refractory Hypoxia?

Refractory Hypoxia - She had refractory hypoxia and hypotension following intubation and a brief initial return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) before a second cardiac arrest. ^[1] [1] Researchers are still searching and experimenting various pharmacological agents in variety of doses which could improve intrapulmonary shunting leading to refractory hypoxia in COVID19 ARDS. ^[2] She was intubated for refractory hypoxia and a drug-eluting stent was placed in the proximal LAD and postdilated with a noncompliant balloon. ^[3] Refractory hypoxia was treated with intravenous beta-blockers (64%), nitric oxide (20%), and pronation (8%). ^[4] Although conversion to central cannulation is one option, expansion of the existing circuit to incorporate either a hybrid approach (eg, transitioning from veno-venous ECMO to veno-arteriovenous ECMO in the setting of refractory hypoxia or declining cardiac function) is another option. ^[5] The reported number of events of venous thromboembolism and refractory hypoxia remains high despite being maintained on prophylactic or therapeutic doses of anticoagulation in patients with a high clinical indication, which has shown a reduction in mortality otherwise. ^[6] She was proned on the following day for refractory hypoxia with improvement in respiratory parameters. ^[7] She then developed refractory hypoxia and progressive kidney dysfunction, and ultimately required intubation and continuous renal replacement therapy. ^[8] Despite initiation of ganciclovir, the patient continued to have refractory hypoxia despite full ventilatory support and proning. ^[9] Refractory hypoxia was treated with iv beta-blockers (64%), nitric oxide (20%) and pronation (8%). ^[10] Due to refractory hypoxia, secondary to severe ARDS, he was put on venovenous ECMO on the 29th day in ICU. ^[11] Examinations showed right ventricular dysfunction and low cardiac output syndrome that required a further increase in the doses of dobutamine and norepinephrine along with inhalation nitric-oxide for refractory hypoxia. ^[12] Another explanation for the overuse of sedatives is that COVID-19-related ARDS are more likely to develop refractory hypoxia, forcing physicians to use deep sedation and advanced ventilation support to improve oxygenation. ^[13] Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is indicated for acute respiratory distress syndromes (ARDS) with refractory hypoxia1. ^[14] He continued to experience refractory hypoxia and hypercarbia, necessitating deep sedation, paralysis, and ECMO sweep of 14 L/min on the night preceding his BOLT. ^[15] Two patients who received VV-ECMO for refractory hypoxia during LT died; 1 failed ECMO weaning, and the other was successfully weaned off ECMO but died of other causes. ^[16] 3 ± 15 years, 56% male) underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), due to increasing oxygen requirements or refractory hypoxia, not improving on oxygen, very elevated D-dimer or tachycardia disproportionate to clinical condition. ^[17] This paper reports on a case of COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in which the patient was administered extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to deal with refractory hypoxia. ^[18] Due to the patient's refractory hypoxia with progression to multi-system organ failure, his family opted for compassionate extubation and he expired on hospital day 34. ^[19] The patient’s clinical status continued to decline despite antimicrobial therapy, and he was intubated for refractory hypoxia. ^[20] It should be suspected in patients with refractory hypoxia despite adequate chest decompression, with flexible bronchoscopy the investigation of choice. ^[21] Refractory hypoxia with clinical manifestation and radiological findings compatible with OP, a differential diagnosis should be considered among patients at the second or third week of influenza H7N9 infection, especially in patients with clinical condition deteriorated after the primary influenza pneumonia was controlled. ^[22] Prone ventilation is used to manage patients with refractory hypoxia in the critical care unit. ^[23] Methods: The patient was a 36 yo male who was emergently placed on VV ECMO after a peri-procedural aspiration event resulting in refractory hypoxia secondary to ARDS His ICU course was complicated by worsening hypoxia, episodes of hyper/hypotension and tachycardia, rigors and fevers. ^[24] We describe a case of FBA in a child with refractory hypoxia where flexible bronchoscopy performed by the intensivist led to recognition and proper treatment. ^[25] Whole-lung lavage was terminated prematurely in 9% of cases (refractory hypoxia most common), while 8% of cases were found to have 30-day complications. ^[26]

refractory hypoxia despite

Despite initiation of ganciclovir, the patient continued to have refractory hypoxia despite full ventilatory support and proning. ^[1] It should be suspected in patients with refractory hypoxia despite adequate chest decompression, with flexible bronchoscopy the investigation of choice. ^[2]