Introduction to Refractory Classic

What is/are Refractory Classic?

Refractory Classic - Based on the results of a phase II trial, zimberelimab was recently approved for marketing in China as treatment for relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma. ^[1] Clinical use of immune-checkpoints inhibitors (anti PD-1/PD-L1) resulted very effective for the treatment of relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL). ^[2] Introduction Brentuximab vedotin (BV) and the PD-1 inhibitors, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, have dramatically improved therapeutic options in relapsed and refractory classic Hodgkin. ^[3] e19515 Background: The anti-PD-1 combination therapy significantly improves clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), and up to 71% of patients who receive decitabine-plus-anti-PD-1 camrelizumab could achieve a complete response. ^[4] Purpose: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade monotherapy is effective in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), but a subset of patients is recalcitrant to PD-1 inhibitors and only a minority of patients achieves durable remission. ^[5] Checkpoint inhibitors contribute to improving the treatment outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL). ^[6] Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies yield high response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), but most patients will eventually progress. ^[7] BACKGROUND Novel approaches are required to improve outcomes in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. ^[8] The checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab are principal treatment options for relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma. ^[9] Concerning hematological malignancies, only nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved for the treatment of relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma to date. ^[10] BACKGROUND Academic studies have proved that anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies demonstrated remarkable activity in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). ^[11] We experienced three cases of chemotherapy-refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma, those were treated by nivolumab as a salvage therapy and followingly received HLAhaploidentical HSCT. ^[12] Checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA), a chimeric antibody which targets programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), has been approved by the FDA for use in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. ^[13] Camrelizumab is a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor which has been approved for the treatment of recurrent or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma in China and have achieved improvement in a verity of solid tumors with manageable safety profile. ^[14] It is used for the treatment of complicated or refractory classic Hodgkin's lymphoma with at least second-line chemotherapy. ^[15] BACKGROUND PD-1 blockade via pembrolizumab monotherapy has shown antitumour activity and toxicity in patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. ^[16] This phase 1-2 study evaluated brentuximab vedotin (BV) combined with nivolumab (Nivo) as first salvage therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. ^[17] Background Programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade monotherapy induced durable remission in a subset of patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). ^[18] There are limited treatment options for relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients who progress on brentuximab vedotin and programmed death-1 inhibitors. ^[19] As part of its Single Technology Appraisal (STA) process, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) invited the manufacturer (Merck Sharp & Dohme; MSD) of pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) to submit evidence of its clinical and cost effectiveness for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (RRcHL) who did not respond to treatment with brentuximab vedotin. ^[20] The management of relapsed and refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has changed substantially since the approval of brentuximab vedotin (BV) and the checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab. ^[21] In KEYNOTE-087, pembrolizumab had a 69% overall response rate and acceptable safety in patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (rrHL). ^[22] This issue of Leukemia and Lymphoma features an analysis of PROs from the KEYNOTE-087 trial, a phase 2 study of pembrolizumab in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma [7]. ^[23] Ltd, recently received conditional approval in China for the treatment of relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. ^[24] We aimed to assess the activity and safety profile of sintilimab in Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. ^[25] Introduction Microvascular decompression (MVD) is accepted as the only aetiological surgical treatment for refractory classic trigeminal neuralgia (TN). ^[26] Clinical activity of brentuximab vedotin (BV), an antiCD30 antibody-drug conjugate, has been demonstrated in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (R/R cHL) in pivotal phase I and phase II studies. ^[27] We hypothesized that in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma, CTC affects the ALC on the date of collection. ^[28] Knowledge about the frequent NVC in asymptomatic individuals and its features is essential for interpreting preoperative MRI in patients with refractory classical TN considered for surgery. ^[29] 4% CR) in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (R/R cHL). ^[30] Separate reporting of the cohort of patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma was a post-hoc decision. ^[31] KEYNOTE-087 and KEYNOTE204 are relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin Lymphoma trials involving Pembrolizumab conducted at this study site. ^[32] Case: 23 year old male with relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma underwent clinical trial with BV and Cyclosporin( CyA). ^[33] The use of nivolumab in international clinical practice has significantly improved treatment results of patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma. ^[34]

lymphoma r r

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of brentuximab vedotin (BV) in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R cHL) in the clinical practice setting using most recent results. ^[1] 7530 Background: Clinical trials of novel salvage therapies (ST) have encouraging outcomes for relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R cHL) eligible for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). ^[2] BACKGROUND Patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R cHL) have limited opportunities for curative therapy. ^[3] KEYNOTE-204 (NCT02684292) demonstrated progression-free survival (PFS) advantage for pembrolizumab over brentuximab vedotin (BV) in patients who had relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R cHL) following, or who were ineligible for, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). ^[4] This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of GLS-010 (zimberelimab) in Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r-cHL). ^[5] Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have demonstrated high therapeutic efficacy in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r cHL). ^[6] Camrelizumab (a humanized high-affinity IgG4 mAb against PD-1) showed potent antitumor activity, well tolerance, and controllable safety in patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r cHL), based on the primary analysis of a phase 2 study. ^[7]

programmed death 1

PURPOSE Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monotherapy induces a high response rate in patients with relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), but complete remission (CR) is infrequently observed. ^[1] PURPOSE Nivolumab, an anti-programmed death-1 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated frequent and durable responses in relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). ^[2] The programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab represent an important therapeutic advance in the treatment of relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). ^[3] Programmed death 1 inhibitors are recommended for patients with relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (RRcHL). ^[4]

high dose chemotherapy

For patients who experience relapse or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma, the standard treatment option is high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell rescue or transplant. ^[1] In case of relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r cHL), second-line treatment and high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cells transplantation (ASCT) allow to achieve a sustained remission in half of the patients while the failure of ASCT defines poor prognosis [2,3]. ^[2] PURPOSE The patterns of failure and long-term outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (aSCT) are reported. ^[3]

stem cell transplantation

BACKGROUND Relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma could be treated with multiagent salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. ^[1] Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the standard of care for patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (RR cHL) who respond to salvage chemotherapy. ^[2] Salvage therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) can be curative in relapsed/ refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) [1]. ^[3]

autologous stem cell

The standard management for relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is salvage therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). ^[1] e19516 Background: There are few optimized therapeutic options for relapsed and/or refractory classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma (r/rCHL), especially in patients who failed in treatments of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), brentuximab vedotin or even immune checkpoint blockage. ^[2]

Medically Refractory Classic

Methods: We prospectively recruited 14 medically refractory classical TN patients and 20 healthy subjects. ^[1] Methods We prospectively recruited 22 medically refractory classic or idiopathic TN patients undergoing surgical treatment over a 3-year period, and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. ^[2] Methods: We prospectively recruited 22 medically refractory classic or idiopathic TN patients undergoing surgical treatment over a 3-year period, and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. ^[3] Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study with a total of 104 patients who were receiving BTX-A injection for medically refractory classical TN between August 2013 and October 2016. ^[4]

refractory classic hodgkin

Clinical use of immune-checkpoints inhibitors (anti PD-1/PD-L1) resulted very effective for the treatment of relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL). ^[1] Introduction Brentuximab vedotin (BV) and the PD-1 inhibitors, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, have dramatically improved therapeutic options in relapsed and refractory classic Hodgkin. ^[2] 7530 Background: Clinical trials of novel salvage therapies (ST) have encouraging outcomes for relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R cHL) eligible for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). ^[3] Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies yield high response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), but most patients will eventually progress. ^[4] The checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab are principal treatment options for relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma. ^[5] It is used for the treatment of complicated or refractory classic Hodgkin's lymphoma with at least second-line chemotherapy. ^[6] e19516 Background: There are few optimized therapeutic options for relapsed and/or refractory classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma (r/rCHL), especially in patients who failed in treatments of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), brentuximab vedotin or even immune checkpoint blockage. ^[7] PURPOSE Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monotherapy induces a high response rate in patients with relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), but complete remission (CR) is infrequently observed. ^[8] The management of relapsed and refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has changed substantially since the approval of brentuximab vedotin (BV) and the checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab. ^[9] PURPOSE Nivolumab, an anti-programmed death-1 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated frequent and durable responses in relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). ^[10] Programmed death 1 inhibitors are recommended for patients with relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (RRcHL). ^[11] KEYNOTE-087 and KEYNOTE204 are relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin Lymphoma trials involving Pembrolizumab conducted at this study site. ^[12]