Introduction to Refractory Autoimmune

What is/are Refractory Autoimmune?

Refractory Autoimmune - Therapeutic Apheresis (TA) is increasingly applied as support treatment in dermatological diseases especially in severe and/or refractory autoimmune bullous diseases. ^[1] There are an increasing number of reports on the safe use of rituximab (RTX), a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, in pregnant women with hematological malignancies or refractory autoimmune diseases. ^[2] Sirolimus, as an immunosuppressant against of mTOR, induces immune tolerance by adjusting Treg cells, which has application prospect in the treatment of refractory autoimmune cytopenia. ^[3] We describe a boy with early-onset severe, refractory autoimmune gastritis and biallelic mutations in the LRBA gene causing a premature STOP-codon who was successfully treated with CTLA4-Ig, abatacept, with long term clinical and endoscopic remission. ^[4] Here, we discuss a patient presenting with multiple treatment-refractory autoimmune manifestations (AIMs), which preceded the diagnosis of MDS and culminated in the patient requiring an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (allo-BMT). ^[5] Accordingly, tofacitinib could be a new option for patients with refractory autoimmune encephalitis. ^[6] The diagnosis of inflammatory neuropathies is often challenging, and while PLEX can be very effective in refractory autoimmune diseases, its ineffectiveness can be confounded by misdiagnosis. ^[7] Here, we identified three novel SASH3 deleterious variants in four unrelated male patients with a history of combined immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation manifesting as recurrent sinopulmonary, cutaneous and mucosal infections, and refractory autoimmune cytopenias. ^[8] This month’s journal club explores three papers relating to clinical presentation, investigation and treatment options for refractory autoimmune encephalitis. ^[9] This retrospective case series will highlight three cases of children with refractory autoimmune disease whose parents sought out and received MSC therapy as a self-decision without first seeking medical advice from our specialty. ^[10] Rationale: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressive agent originally used to prevent rejection after organ transplantation but now more frequently used for treatment of refractory autoimmune diseases. ^[11] Inclusion body myositis is a late onset treatment-refractory autoimmune disease of skeletal muscle associated with a blood autoantibody (anti-cN1A), an HLA autoimmune haplotype, and muscle pathology characterized by cytotoxic CD8+ T cell destruction of myofibres. ^[12] Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a refractory autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system without an effective cure. ^[13] (2015) Sirolimus is effective in relapsed/refractory autoimmune cytopenias: results of a prospective multi-institutional trial. ^[14] We present three patients with refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia treated with alemtuzumab. ^[15] Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of splenectomy in the treatment of relapsed/refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). ^[16] We conclude by demonstrating that an improved understanding of LPP may not only lead to the development of novel treatment strategies for the disease itself, but may also shed new light on the pathophysiology of more common and treatment-refractory autoimmune blistering diseases. ^[17] Objective To discuss the efficacy of sirolimus in the treatment of refractory autoimmune cytopenias. ^[18] RCI has been shown to be effective in steroid-refractory autoimmune disease. ^[19] We urge physicians to consider radon as a standard therapy for refractory autoimmune diseases. ^[20] In other words, NNS will become a bridge with research on refractory autoimmune diseases. ^[21] This was a multicenter study of rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody directed against CD20, for the treatment of refractory autoimmune bullous diseases (pemphigus and pemphigoid). ^[22] The treatment of refractory autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) has always been a challenge. ^[23] Anti-MIF pharmacotherapies could also be steroid-sparing in patients with chronic glucocorticoid dependence or refractory autoimmune disease. ^[24]

stem cell transplantation

(2016) Sirolimus for refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report and literature review of the treatment of post-transplant autoimmune hemolytic anemia. ^[1] Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation shows increasing promise as a therapeutic option for patients with treatment-refractory autoimmune disease, particularly systemic sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. ^[2] Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be an effective treatment for refractory autoimmune diseases. ^[3]

hematopoietic stem cell

Over the past decades, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been evolving as specific treatment for patients with severe and refractory autoimmune diseases (ADs), where mechanistic studies have provided evidence for a profound immune renewal facilitating the observed beneficial responses. ^[1] Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been recognized as treatment alternative for patients with severe, refractory autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs). ^[2] Therapeutic intensification with autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) was first used to treat a refractory autoimmune disease in 1994 worldwide [1], and in 1997 in France (registry data). ^[3]

refractory autoimmune disease

Over the past decades, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been evolving as specific treatment for patients with severe and refractory autoimmune diseases (ADs), where mechanistic studies have provided evidence for a profound immune renewal facilitating the observed beneficial responses. ^[1] Therapeutic intensification with autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) was first used to treat a refractory autoimmune disease in 1994 worldwide [1], and in 1997 in France (registry data). ^[2] There are an increasing number of reports on the safe use of rituximab (RTX), a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, in pregnant women with hematological malignancies or refractory autoimmune diseases. ^[3] This retrospective case series will highlight three cases of pediatric refractory autoimmune disease whose parents sought out and received MSC therapy as a self-decision without first seeking medical advice from our specialty. ^[4] The diagnosis of inflammatory neuropathies is often challenging, and while PLEX can be very effective in refractory autoimmune diseases, its ineffectiveness can be confounded by misdiagnosis. ^[5] This retrospective case series will highlight three cases of children with refractory autoimmune disease whose parents sought out and received MSC therapy as a self-decision without first seeking medical advice from our specialty. ^[6] Rationale: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressive agent originally used to prevent rejection after organ transplantation but now more frequently used for treatment of refractory autoimmune diseases. ^[7] Inclusion body myositis is a late onset treatment-refractory autoimmune disease of skeletal muscle associated with a blood autoantibody (anti-cN1A), an HLA autoimmune haplotype, and muscle pathology characterized by cytotoxic CD8+ T cell destruction of myofibres. ^[8] Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation shows increasing promise as a therapeutic option for patients with treatment-refractory autoimmune disease, particularly systemic sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. ^[9] Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be an effective treatment for refractory autoimmune diseases. ^[10] TCZ use will probably be more common in the future to treat refractory autoimmune diseases. ^[11] RCI has been shown to be effective in steroid-refractory autoimmune disease. ^[12] We urge physicians to consider radon as a standard therapy for refractory autoimmune diseases. ^[13] In other words, NNS will become a bridge with research on refractory autoimmune diseases. ^[14] Anti-MIF pharmacotherapies could also be steroid-sparing in patients with chronic glucocorticoid dependence or refractory autoimmune disease. ^[15]

refractory autoimmune hemolytic

(2016) Sirolimus for refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report and literature review of the treatment of post-transplant autoimmune hemolytic anemia. ^[1] We present three patients with refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia treated with alemtuzumab. ^[2] Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of splenectomy in the treatment of relapsed/refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). ^[3]

refractory autoimmune cytopenia

Here, we identified three novel SASH3 deleterious variants in four unrelated male patients with a history of combined immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation manifesting as recurrent sinopulmonary, cutaneous and mucosal infections, and refractory autoimmune cytopenias. ^[1] (2015) Sirolimus is effective in relapsed/refractory autoimmune cytopenias: results of a prospective multi-institutional trial. ^[2] Objective To discuss the efficacy of sirolimus in the treatment of refractory autoimmune cytopenias. ^[3]

refractory autoimmune inflammatory

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a refractory autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system without an effective cure. ^[1] Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody against CD20 receptor is an important member of the biologic armamentarium for the treatment of various refractory autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. ^[2]

refractory autoimmune blistering

We conclude by demonstrating that an improved understanding of LPP may not only lead to the development of novel treatment strategies for the disease itself, but may also shed new light on the pathophysiology of more common and treatment-refractory autoimmune blistering diseases. ^[1] The treatment of refractory autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) has always been a challenge. ^[2]

refractory autoimmune bullou

Therapeutic Apheresis (TA) is increasingly applied as support treatment in dermatological diseases especially in severe and/or refractory autoimmune bullous diseases. ^[1] This was a multicenter study of rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody directed against CD20, for the treatment of refractory autoimmune bullous diseases (pemphigus and pemphigoid). ^[2]

refractory autoimmune encephalitis

Accordingly, tofacitinib could be a new option for patients with refractory autoimmune encephalitis. ^[1] This month’s journal club explores three papers relating to clinical presentation, investigation and treatment options for refractory autoimmune encephalitis. ^[2]