Introduction to Reduced Immunogenicity

Therefore, certified iPSCs with reduced immunogenicity are expected to become off-the-shelf sources, such as those made from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-homozygous individuals or genetically modified for HLA depletion.

The clinical significance of reduced immunogenicity especially before booster dose needs further investigation.

Their reduced immunogenicity compared to liposomes or viral vectors and their ability to cross major physiological barriers like the blood–brain barrier make them an appealing and innovative option as biomarkers and therapeutic agents.

Exosomes have enormous potential as a drug delivery vehicle due to enhanced biocompatibility, excellent payload capability, and reduced immunogenicity compared to alternative polymeric-based carriers.

Furthermore, very few centers are requiring COVID‐19 vaccination prior to transplantation despite early evidence suggesting reduced immunogenicity in transplant patients on immunosuppression.

Their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability in the absence of toxic compound release, physiochemical properties that are similar to those of human tissues and reduced immunogenicity make them outstanding candidates to improve neural interface biocompatibility and long-term implantation safety.

Following cellular internalization, apoptosis-related proteins inhibited tumour activity by initiating endogenous apoptosis pathways, which significantly reduced immunogenicity and toxic side effects.

Reduced immunogenicity to COVID-19 vaccine among chemotherapy-treated cancer patients, raises the need to continue exercising protective measures after vaccination in these patients.

The impact of this reduced immunogenicity in vaccine effectiveness warrants further evaluation.

This study shows two species, which have not yet been reported, as sources of l-asparaginase with possible reduced immunogenicity for ALL therapy.

Use of low-dose prednisolone or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs did not significantly impact on vaccine immunogenicity, although there was anecdotal evidence of reduced immunogenicity in patients receiving high-dose prednisolone/methylprednisolone and pulse cyclophosphamide.

Inactivated vaccines have reduced immunogenicity as compared with other vaccines in healthy individuals.

Given the current passive immunotherapy of tetanus with human anti-toxin polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) and the limitations of such preparations, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), especially chimeric or human antibodies with reduced immunogenicity might be considered as an alternative source.

State‐of‐the‐art nanodelivery systems have achieved reduced immunogenicity and a significant prolongation of the biological half‐life of drugs, the latter allowing their application as boli instead of infusions.

Exosomes, as natural nanovesicles, have become a spotlight in the field of cancer therapy due to their reduced immunogenicity and ability to overcome physiological barriers.

Chemotherapy reduced immunogenicity (OR 0.

Polysaccharide-protein or polysaccharide-peptide conjugates, natural or otherwise, may have increased solubility, improved emulsion properties, prolonged circulation time, reduced immunogenicity, and enhanced selectivity for targeting specific tissues compared to native peptides and proteins.

It gave many benefits such as enhanced penetration, reduced immunogenicity, better delivery of drugs with fewer side effects.

These approaches are being used to identify variants with improved transduction efficiencies, alternate tropisms, reduced sequestration in non-target organs, and reduced immunogenicity, and have produced AAV capsids that are currently under evaluation in pre-clinical and clinical trials.

In this review we overview the immunoediting process with a focus on the metabolism-related elements that are responsible for increased immune evasion, either through reduced immunogenicity or increased resistance of tumor cells to the apoptotic action of immune cells.

However, advanced CKD has been associated with reduced immunogenicity, and only 50% to 70% of hemodialysis patients develop a protective antibody response after hepatitis B vaccination.

As the gold standard for stealth polymer materials, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been widely used in drug delivery with excellent properties such as low toxicity, reduced immunogenicity, good water solubility, and so forth.

TheB2Mgene knockout (B2M-KO) disrupts the HLA I heterodimer formation; therefore,B2M-KO cells have reduced immunogenicity to allogeneic CD8+ T cells.

As the EpCAM-targeting component, we investigated the designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) Ec1 fused to a truncated variant of Pseudomonas exotoxin A with reduced immunogenicity and low general toxicity (LoPE).

Owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, reduced immunogenicity, and natural tumor-targeting capability, we, for the first time, report the reconstitution of native LDL particles with saturated fatty acids and a mitochondrion-targeting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer for fluorescence-feedback photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Risk factors for reduced immunogenicity included older age and treatment with glucocorticoids, rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and abatacept.

CI is a highly dynamic and complex process comprising three distinct phases (Elimination, Equilibrium and Escape) wherein the IS can both protect against cancer development as well as, over time, promote the appearance of tumors with reduced immunogenicity.

Inactivated vaccines have similar reactogenicity and safety profiles in the ICH and health subjects; however due to reduced immunogenicity, efficacy may be reduced.

Red blood cell (RBC)-mimicking nanoparticles (NPs) offer a promising platform for drug delivery because of their prolonged circulation time, reduced immunogenicity and specific targeting ability.

Objectives We aimed to evaluate rates of antibody response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among kidney transplant recipients, and to identify factors associated with reduced immunogenicity.

Further attenuation of the LAIV could generally improve its safety profile, which might come at the cost of reduced immunogenicity.

Indeed, the response to vaccination is often found to be lower in elderly adults than in young individuals, such reduced immunogenicity being *Corresponding author: Mario Plebani, Department of MedicineDIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy, E-mail: mario.