Introduction to Reduce Surface

Surfactants and biosurfactants are employed in the water treatment processes as they could reduce surface tension between two immiscible liquids.

Numerical simulations indicated that the proposed CCBE design could reduce surface water infiltration by 85% and significantly reduce oxygen diffusion into the mine tailings, thereby limiting acid generation and metal leaching in the long term.

The results from this study, conducted in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica, show that upscaling the full potential for UGI could significantly reduce surface runoff, peak flows, and flood volumes.

Here, an effective surface passivation treatment based on negative oxygen ion exposure combined with UV light is demonstrated, that is able to significantly reduce surface oxygen vacancy concentration and improve the field effect mobility to values up to 41 cm2 V-1 s-1 with high on-off current ratio of 108.

The results suggest that permeable pavements can effectively reduce surface runoff and pollutants but may lead to an increase in the conduit peak flow, owing to a reverse flow.

Urban green infrastructures (UGI) can effectively reduce surface runoff, thereby alleviating the pressure of urban waterlogging.

Research limitations/implications The Cu-W-Ag architecture is suitable for redistributed manufacturing and can help reduce surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions: Splitting a dressing, utilizing synthetic cotton padding, and applying an elastic bandage cautiously can help reduce surface pressures and allow the construct to be more accommodating to soft tissue swelling.

An exhaustive systematic study has been carried out on the chemical post-processing methods currently used to reduce surface roughness of polymeric parts manufactured by means of FFF.

For all samples, we used an index matching method to reduce surface roughness effects and to prevent dehydration.

The urban expansion scenario showed significant increment in surface runoff, while the reforestation scenario helped to reduce surface runoff, while increase lateral flow and groundwater.

Based on these results, straw combined with 85% of optimum fertilizer is the best nutrient management method for this sloping farmland as it can reduce surface runoff flux, sediment yield, and the loss flux of soil organic carbon while increasing the soil organic carbon content.

Surfactants and biosurfactants are employed in the water treatment processes as they could reduce surface tension between two immiscible liquids.

Hence, SURF-TG can both reduce surface tension and mediate protein association, facilitating class II protein recruitment during LD expansion.

4GHz, so as to reduce surface waves and ultimately to lower Specific Absorption Rate (SAR).

The AMC structure can reduce surface waves and prevent unwanted radiation from the ground surface.

Herein, IC61BA has been employed to modify the SnO2 surface to reduce surface defects, at the same time, a moderate energy level (CsPbI2Br)1-x(CsPbI3)x layer has been introduced at the interface between CsPbI2Br and Spiro-MeOTAD to form graded energy level alignment.

Chemical mechanical polishing technology is one of the most effective methods to smooth surfaces and meanwhile to reduce surface defects like cracks, pits and scratches.

Antireflection coatings have been widely used to increase the absorption of solar collectors and to reduce surface reflection.

Front-surface texturing of Si helps to reduce surface reflection and increase light absorption for solar cell applications.

Here, we identified small molecules that can reduce surface expression of TMPRSS2 using a 2,700 FDA‐approved or current clinical trial compounds.

Here, we identify small molecules that reduce surface expression of TMPRSS2 using a library of 2,560 FDA-approved or current clinical trial compounds.

Typically, greenery on the ground reduces peak surface temperature by 2–9 °C, while green roofs and green walls reduce surface temperature by ~17 °C, also providing added thermal insulation for the building envelope.

This part is mainly experimental and has taken almost three years measuring surfaces temperatures of some WSUDs of Barcelona and treating its data to stablish a criteria to choose WSUDs which can help to reduce surface temperatures, even in some cases, underneath the environmental temperatures.

High-pressure homogenization was able to break up the aggregates, reduce surface hydrophobicity, and increase solubility.

Ionic liquid hydrogel composite membranes (IL-HCMs) were tested for membrane contactors applications, aiming to reduce surface hydrophobicity of the polypropylene support, to reduce wetting tendency due to interaction with hydrophobic foulants, while affecting salts rejection in desalination operation, because of the entrapment of ILs inside the porous mesh-like structure of the gel layer.

Numerical simulations indicated that the proposed CCBE design could reduce surface water infiltration by 85% and significantly reduce oxygen diffusion into the mine tailings, thereby limiting acid generation and metal leaching in the long term.

The present paper is focused on the evaluation of efficiency of soil-conservation technologies to reduce surface water runoff in Central Bohemia Region.

Numerical results agree well with experimental ones and confirm that an increase in the roughness relative size can effectively restrain flow separation and reduce surface pressure.

Conclusions: Splitting a dressing, utilizing synthetic cotton padding, and applying an elastic bandage cautiously can help reduce surface pressures and allow the construct to be more accommodating to soft tissue swelling.

We confirm this by constructing O3 response surfaces for each region changing NOx and VOC emissions and further contrast the effectiveness of measures to reduce surface O3 concentrations.

We confirm this by constructing O3 response surfaces for each region changing NOx and VOC emissions and further contrast the effectiveness of measures to reduce surface O3 concentrations.

Southerly wind anomalies over the NCP reduce surface wind speed and increase relative humidity, which are conducive to above-normal HPNCP both in winter and spring.

For example, regional climate change can reduce surface wind, directly leading to aggregation of air pollutants and deterioration of air quality in the region.

In order to ensure safe mining and reduce surface damage in shallow multi-seam mining, the failure characteristics of interburden strata with different coal pillars offset distances between pillars in the upper and lower seams, the distribution characteristics of stress concentration in coal pillars, and the development characteristics of stratum cracks and subsidence were investigated by physical and UDEC2D simulation.

The use of appropriate lubricant additives can reduce surface damage, extend machine lifetimes, improve machining accuracy, and reduce power consumption.

We propose a film device that can be attached to flat surfaces, including touch panels, to remotely reduce surface friction by irradiating airborne ultrasound.

These designs reduce surface friction by an average of 18%, and up to 39%, compared to a flat control.

CCGPB materials provide efficient ground support for the caving of strata and reduce surface subsidence.

To increase the consumption of wasted gangue and reduce surface subsidence, mixed gangue composed of equal-quality washed gangue and crushed gangue is proposed as a raw material for solid filling on the basis of gradation theory.