Introduction to Recall Response

pertussis vaccine recall response.

We assessed the changes of histopathology, serum total IgE level, pulmonary signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), pulmonary regulatory T cells (Tregs), and airway recall responses to OVA rechallenge, including proliferation and cytokine secretory function of pulmonary memory CD4+ T cells in the treated mice.

In assays with CD8 + enriched PBMCs, three subjects from Obom made positive recall responses to six (40%) of the 15 tested peptides, while only one subject from Legon made a positive recall response to a single peptide.

Antigen-specific IgG, IgE and IgA responses were detected after the 2nd DTI, and stronger antibody recall responses were elicited by challenge infection.

All clusters demonstrated positive recall responses, with the highest responses – by percentage of responders and response magnitude – associated with clusters located in the N-terminal region of RH5.

The vaccine candidate was safe and elicited robust antigen-specific antibody titers in mice, and a recall response from splenocytes revealed induction of strong cell-mediated immunity.

parva-infected cell lines elicited a proliferative recall response comprised of CD45R0+/CCR7− CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

For hepatitis B, the recall response was gestational age-dependent and antibody status-independent.

In the memory phase, PbT-II cells in PbA-primed mice maintained higher numbers and exhibited better recall response to the antigen.

We identified a virus-specific immune rheostat composed of an effector T (Teff) cell recall response that is balanced by the enrichment of a highly specialized regulatory T (Treg) cell subset.

However, little is known about their role in recall responses driven by cytokine signaling.

Here, we discuss the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response to Chlamydia, the importance of antigen specificity, and the role of memory T cells during the recall response.

Our findings demonstrate pivotal roles of TPEX, Regnase-1, and TCF-1 in mediating CAR-T cell persistence and recall responses, and identify Regnase-1 as a modulator of human CAR-T cell longevity and potency that may be manipulated for improved therapeutic efficacy.

More importantly, Foxp3+ Helios+ Tregs accumulated in an accelerated kinetics during recall response to reinfection.

Memory B cells (MBC) can provide a recall response able to supplement waning antibodies with an affinity-matured response better able to neutralise variant viruses.

Orally delivered inulin-gel treatments increased the relative abundances of key commensal microorganisms and their short-chain-fatty-acid metabolites, and led to enhanced recall responses for interferon-γ+CD8+ T cells as well as to the establishment of stem-like T-cell factor-1+PD-1+CD8+ T cells within the tumour microenvironment.

This initial exposure is imprinted on the immune system, so that a subsequent encounter to the same pathogen or a variant will result in a memory recall response that is often protective.

Current shortages in COVID-19 vaccine production and distribution have led some experts to suggest untested regimens Persons who have had COVID-19 are thought to have protective immunity and memory responses for at least 6 months;however, neither recall responses nor ideal vaccine dosing regimens have been studied in those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 We assessed whether health care workers with previous COVID-19 infection could mount recall responses to a single dose of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine.

Furthermore, adoptive transfer of CD4+ Vps39-deficient LCMV-specific SMARTA cells improved germinal center responses, CD8+ memory T cell generation, and recall responses to infection.

Participants' free-recall responses were analyzed to test for an effect of sleep on semantic coherence between adjacent statements, and overall.

Similarly a recall response to SARS-CoV-2 antigen involving the T cell compartment can be readily demonstrated in recovered individuals but is of variable magnitude.

The poor antibody persistence after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection raised concerns about whether a vaccine could induce a long-lasting antibody response and whether a memory recall response would be induced upon reinfection.

MCLA-145 potently activates T cells at sub-nanomolar concentrations, even under suppressive conditions, and enhances T cell priming, differentiation and memory recall responses.

Additionally, dCAR T cells can eradicate bulky tumours at a low-dose and establish effective recall responses upon tumour rechallenge.

2 AU/ml 5 months after the second vaccination, spike-specific memory B and T cells were still detectable, forming the basis for a quick recall response.

We compared antibody avidity maturation, antibody/memory B cell/CD4 + T cell response durability, and recall responses to non-adjuvanted fractional-dose antigen administered 1-year post-immunization (Day [D]360), between hepatitis B vaccines containing Adjuvant System (AS)01 B , AS01 E , AS03, AS04, or Alum (NCT00805389).

In response to Ag restimulation, these bTRM display rapid and robust recall responses, which subsequently activate glial cells.

EEG was recorded as healthy adults encoded either a sequence of one (low load) or four (high load) dot locations on a grid and rehearsed them until a free recall response was collected later in the trial.

To this end, we exploited that TT elicits a recall response in vaccinated donors: human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with alum-adsorbed TT bulk antigen and low concentrations of TLR9 ligand; induction of TT-specific IgG was quantified via ELISpot after 5 days.

Our study highlights a coordinated adaptive immune response where early CD4 T cell responses facilitate the development of the B cell response and substantial expansion of effector CD8 T cells, together capable of contributing to future recall responses.

For word and digit recall response time but not for digit recall accuracy, the effect of predictability remained significant after exclusion of trials with incorrect word responses and was thus independent of speech intelligibility.

We also demonstrate that Kdm6b is indispensable for proper effector functions and tumor protection, and that memory CD8+ T cells lacking Kdm6b displayed a defective recall response.

Proof of concept studies demonstrated enhancement of recall responses to a surrogate antigen panel following in-vitro (healthy donors) and in-vivo (ICI patients) administrations of ICIs.

Upon recognizing the pathogen, MBCs clonally expand and produce a large amount of the specific antibodies to stop the infection, the process called a (memory) recall response.

Until recently, for T cells it has remained unclear how memory differentiation acquires and sustains a gene expression program that grants a cell with a capacity for a heightened recall response.

Recall responses to vaccination in individuals with pre-existing immunity primarily increased antibody levels without substantially altering antibody decay rates.

brucei infection, it failed to restore an efficacious anti-pertussis vaccine recall response.

This recall response is evident 5 days after antigen exposure and includes a population of spike-specific cTFH that persist in the periphery after losing expression of PD-1.

The inability of T cell–independent type 2 (TI-2) Ags to induce recall responses is a poorly understood facet of humoral immunity, yet critically important for improving vaccines.

The frequency of pre-vaccine antigen-specific memory B cells in SARS-CoV2 recovered individuals strongly correlated with post-vaccine antibody levels, supporting a key role for memory B cells in humoral recall responses to SARS-CoV2.

10 mice fed 4MU had suppressed in vivo T cell immune priming (measured as a reduced recall response to OVA peptide) compared to T cells from control mice fed a normal diet.

RNA-NPs localize to myeloid cells in murine KR158b brain tumors and activate dendritic cells that supplant regulatory intratumoral myeloid populations inducing antigenrecall response with long-term survivor benefit.

In addition, we found that rMntC-EPS vaccination induced robust Th 17/γδ T 17 primary and recall responses.

In the day -14 and -7 groups, limited transcriptional changes after challenge were observed with the exception of day 9 post-challenge in the day -7 group where we detected gene expression profiles indicative of a recall response.

We identified ZFTA-RELA-reactive T cell clones by multiplexed Interferon-γ / Interleukin-2 recall response.

show that senescent skin cells in older adults provoke monocyte-dependent local inflammation in response to injury, which hampers T cell recall responses to viruses.

The clinical observation reminds us that cutaneous tissue has a peculiarly high immunogenicity that can evoke tumoricidal recall responses topically.

Challenge of vaccinated mice was associated with rapid N-specific T cell recall responses in the respiratory mucosa.

We tested short term recall responses (8 weeks post-vaccination) and long term recall responses (25 weeks post-vaccination) by performing skin punch biopsies around the site of tuberculin injection.

In addition, as a precursor to its evaluation in human studies, humanised HLA-DR and HLA-DQ transgenic mice elicited IFN-γ recall responses in an ELISPoT-based study and PBMCs from donors that were in contact to BpOmpW for seven days experienced T cell proliferation.

Twenty-three HCW recovered from mild COVID-19 disease and exhibited a recall response with high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific functional antibodies and virus-specific T cells after a single vaccination.

We found positive T cell recall responses by IFNγ-ELISPOT assays to 8 peptides, validating 7 of them (3 from HRV A and 4 from HRV C) as CD4 T cell epitopes through intracellular cytokine staining assays.

Here, we investigate the role of TSLP in both primary and recall responses in mice using two different viral systems.

These results demonstrate that the first vaccine dose activates a non-neutralizing recall response predominantly targeting S2, while the second vaccine dose is vital to boosting neutralizing anti-S1 RBD B cell responses.

Re-challenge experiments indicated that IgG-producing cells dominated the recall response over the induction of IgM-secreting cells, with both populations expanding with similar timing during the secondary response.

However, protective immunity against lethal Salmonella challenge was only granted to those receiving heat-killed Salmonella antigens, presenting as heightened recall responses of serum anti-lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulins and interferon-gamma.

We found positive T cell recall responses by interferon gamma (IFNγ)-ELISPOT assays to eight peptides, validating seven of them (three from RV A and four from RV C) as CD4 T cell epitopes through intracellular cytokine staining assays.

The Vγ4 Vδ1 T cell recall response to Lm, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) and Citrobacter rodentium was largely mediated by the γδTCR as internalizing the γδTCR prevented T cell expansion.