Introduction to Rapid Rates

Results show initial rapid rates of decomposition variables in air, but piglets buried in soil, horse manure and pig manure caught up to the exposed piglets’ decomposition rates by the end of the twelve-day experiment.

As the term reactive oxygen species implies, ROS are highly reactive molecules with rapid rates of production and with short half-lives.

Genes related to phospholipid biosynthesis, a critical component of cold acclimation in other cold-adapted plant lineages, were enriched among those genes experiencing more rapid rates of protein sequence evolution in T.

Objectives HIV infection and cocaine use contribute to oxidative stress; persistent oxidative stress leads to rapid rates of glutathione (GSH) consumption.

In response to the rapid rates of urbanization and motorization, cities in the developing world have increasingly invested in urban rail transit systems in recent decades.

While our new data shows equilibrium Δ 47 values, the results do not discount the possibility that disequilibrium observed in previous studies could possibly be associated with extremely rapid rates of anaerobic oxidation of methane.

Tropical cities are more susceptible to the suggested fall outs from projected global warming scenarios as they are located in the Torrid Zone and growing at rapid rates.

One way to demonstrate a relationship between branchwise rates and adaptation would be to show that rapid rates of evolution are linked with ecological shifts or key innovations.

Finally, consistent with our predictions, we show that, in two unusual cases of contemporary bacterial host shifts, the bacterial pathogens both have small genomes and rapid rates of substitution.

These data acquisition rates present an opportunity to acquire full hyperspectral scenes at rapid rates, enabling the use of traditional push-broom imaging systems as low-rate video hyperspectral imaging systems.

These results suggest that controls on novel ecosystems vary with timescale and among continents, and that the twenty-first century emergence of novelty will be driven by both rapid rates of climate change and the emergence of novel climate states.

While a well-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis is critical to completing such studies, the rapid rates of evolution in these groups can impede phylogenetic studies.

These results suggest that while coral reef association may provide the opportunity for specialization and morphological diversification, species must still be able to capitalize on the ecological opportunities to invade novel niche space, and that these novel invasions may prompt rapid rates of morphological evolution in the associated traits that allow them to capitalize on new resources.

Under the standard assumption of sorbed contaminant being non-bioavailable, rapid rates of aqueous-phase biodegradation are necessary for complete attenuation within a riverbed.

This social conflict is a significant force in nature as indicated by rapid rates of adaptive evolution in genes involved in cheating and its resistance.

Sufficient solute atoms and vacancies resulted in the improvement of the precipitation kinetics and paint bake-hardening capacity for Al–Mg–Si sheets at rapid rates.

Hyperbaric storage of inoculated apple juice at 25, 50 and 100 MPa at 18 to 23 °C resulted in spore inactivation at more rapid rates as pressure magnitudes increased, reaching levels below the detection limit of 10 CFU/mL at 50 and 100 MPa.

Despite the fires depleting about half the aboveground N pool and rapid rates of recovery in leaf biomass and litterfall production, we found low rates of both free-living and symbiotic BNF.

More rapid rates of injection caused peak pressure measured in‐line to increase, whereas pressure measured at the needle tip remained constant (mean (SD) pressure in‐line 30.

By devising these models, we find that slabs pull plates at rapid rates and tear continents apart, with keels of continents only slowing down their drift when they are not attached to a subducting plate.

We tested this idea in vivo by quantifying muscle and aponeuroses mechanical behaviour in the turkey lateral gastrocnemius during landing and jumping, activities that require rapid rates of energy dissipation and generation, respectively.

The Plethodon glutinosus complex is composed of 16 lineages that are thought to have conserved morphological characteristics and rapid rates of diversification.

2 °C min−1), but not rapid rates of warming (113 °C min−1 and 45 °C min−1).

Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot that is facing rapid rates of deforestation, habitat destruction and poverty.

Given the correspondingly rapid rates of garnet growth (~1.

Genomic selection (GS) has resulted in rapid rates of genetic gains especially in dairy cattle in developed countries resulting in a higher proportion of genomically proven young bulls being used in breeding.

, filamentous microfossils and gas-related fenestrae) implies rapid lithification of microbial mats, while the mm to cm scale of fenestrae indicate equally rapid rates of microbial gas production.

This too is an aspect of care, and it is an urgent objective in an era where societies and healthcare are changing at rapid rates.

Given adequate supply of calcium in soil solution the sequestration of C into the mineral calcite (CaCO3) can occur at rapid rates.

Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes.

They are an important global health concern, especially for pediatric and immunocompromised populations, and are challenging pathogens to target immunologically due to their rapid rates of genetic and antigenic evolution and failure to stimulate durable protective immunity.

Achieving a holistic understanding of these processes has been challenged by their intricate coupling, high temperatures, and rapid rates at which they occur.

The previously cryopreserved with slow and rapid rates EC cells were cultured in peritoneal cavity (PC) of mice for 7 days.

Results Zoliflodacin alone or in combination with all six antimicrobials showed rapid rates of in vitro bacterial killing against all examined strains in time-kill studies.

Over the past decade, colorectal cancer surgery has continued to evolve at rapid rates with numerous publications in various areas.

Populations are aging at rapid rates, creating larger demographics of people with social and physical dependency.

Dehydration of hay was carried out for 44 hours, rapid rates of dehydration was observed in the leaves.

We hypothesize that the warm, wet conditions in the earliest Paleocene SJB drove rapid rates of speciation following the K/Pg boundary, resulting in a diverse and heterogeneous flora.

The physiological processes driving the rapid rates of calcification in larval bivalves are poorly understood.

Kinetic studies document sluggish reactivity of the Cu(I) complexes with molecular oxygen and rapid rates of reduction of the Cu(II) complexes by ascorbate, indicating a remarkable stability of the Cu(I) state in all three derivatives.

Rapid rates of degradation and relatively slow rates of infiltration may explain why several target analytes were not detected in groundwater.

Conductive diamond possesses unique features as compared to other solid electrodes, such as a wide electrochemical potential window, a low and stable background current, relatively rapid rates of electron-transfer for soluble redox systems without conventional pretreatment, long-term responses, stability, biocompatibility, and a rich surface chemistry.

Given that African societies are aging and urbanizing at rapid rates, this study aimed to assess the relationship between urbanicity and depression within older adult populations in two African countries.

Additionally, community college presidents are currently retiring at rapid rates, and this turnover in leadership is expected to continue (Phillipe, 2016; Shults, 2001; Tekle, 2012).

Short vegetation, where the leaves fill the canopy close to the ground, display significantly greater drag and rapid rates of sand deposition.

5 reported more rapid rates of increasing BMI among youth with severe obesity compared with their overweight or nonseverely obese peers.

Archetypical pathways generally diverged based on specialized or flex commodity crops and rates of direct LUC, and rapid rates of direct LUC tended to cause displacement and iLUC.

5 likely ameliorated VT by improving CV at rapid rates in PAH.

But cities are a challenging environment for ecologists to work in, with high levels of heterogeneity and rapid rates of change.