Introduction to Quantitative Imaging

Editorial for “Convolutional neural network for accelerating the computation of the extended Tofts model in dynamic contrastenhanced magnetic resonance imaging” Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be a valuable tool for quantifying blood–brain barrier leakage and can also be used to derive quantitative imaging biomarkers in the field of oncology.

Facilitating clinical translation of quantitative imaging techniques has been suggested as means of improving interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate.

Simple Summary In this study, we assessed the potential of simultaneously acquired 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and magnetic resonance imaging-derived quantitative imaging parameters to predict the tumor grade, metastatic status, and response to neoadjuvant therapy of primary soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities.

Background: Micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET), a small-animal dedicated PET system, is used in biomedical studies and has the quantitative imaging capabilities of radiotracers.

In this study, the adhesion force mapping of a single Tol 5 cell in liquid using the quantitative imaging mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the adhesion of Tol 5 was near 2 nN, which was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of other adhesive bacteria.

EXPERIMENTS Droplets of water on cleaved calcite under decane were imaged using quantitative imaging QI atomic force microscopy where a force-distance curve is obtained at every pixel.

Quantitative imaging using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) could provide objective tools for the detection and characterization of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Quantitative imaging using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) could provide objective tools for the detection and characterization of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Here, to identify novel regulators of ribosome biogenesis we used high-throughput quantitative imaging of MCF10A cells to identify proteins that, when depleted, increase the percentage of nuclei with ≥5 nucleoli.

The potential advantages as well as limitations of artificial intelligence and radiomics as tools providing high throughput quantitative imaging features is described.

Here, we describe a label-free multimodal quantitative imaging flow assay that combines rotating optical coherent scattering (ROCS) microscopy and quantitative phase microscopy (QPM).

We measured the longitudinal development of cortex from newborns to six-months-old infants using multimodal quantitative imaging of cortical microstructure.

We propose that the future of IOL selection will be guided by 3D quantitative imaging of the crystalline lens to map lens opacities, anticipate IOL position, and develop fully customized eye models for ray-tracing-based IOL selection.

For the first time, we have achieved 3D quantitative imaging of bacterial LPS fluorescent signals deep in gliomas in a contamination-free manner, which was founded mostly localized near nuclear membranes or in the intercellular space.

METHOD To examine the relationship between CIN and HGSOC, we employed single-cell quantitative imaging microscopy approaches capable of capturing the cell-to-cell heterogeneity associated with CIN, to assess the prevalence and dynamics of CIN within individual and patient-matched HGSOC ascites and solid tumour samples.

Results Single-cell quantitative imaging microscopy approaches revealed changes in CIN-associated phenotypes and chromosome numbers and increased Cyclin E1 in response to diminished SKP1 or CUL1 expression.

Therefore, here we discuss the advantages derived from combining microfluidics and label-free quantitative imaging, to access the full three-dimensional (3D) information of a biological specimen by performing the tomographic reconstruction at single-cell level in high throughput modality.

Simultaneous microfluidic cell manipulations and long‐term cell monitoring needs further investigations due to the lack of label‐free quantitative imaging techniques and systems.

Using quantitative imaging, we uncover when during oogenesis these histones accumulate, and which step of accumulation is LD-dependent.

Using quantitative imaging, we uncover when during oogenesis these histones accumulate, and which step of accumulation is LD dependent.

By incorporating a motion-state dimension into the parameter dimensions and introducing unsupervised motion-state binning and outlier motion reweighting mechanisms, the brain motion can be readily resolved for motion-robust quantitative imaging.

Here we discuss the development of robust quantitative imaging biomarkers and how they can personalize therapy towards meaningful clinical endpoints.

The aim of this prospective observational study was to correlate quantitative imaging parameters derived from pre-treatment biological imaging such as FDG-PET/CT, F-MISO-PET/CT, and DW-MRI with each other andì with clinical outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with definitive radio(chemo)therapy.

Objective: This prospective observational study of positron emission tomography (PET)-MRI findings in 16 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with a plasma cell dyscrasia describes and compares MRI-detected myeloma lesions with 18F-fludeoxyglucose PET-avid myeloma lesions, and correlates quantitative imaging findings to a range of biochemical and prognostic parameters.

The in vivo quantitative imaging of the TG’s vasculature using ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) combined with ex-vivo (DiI) staining reveals particular features of the vascularization of the area containing the sensory neurons, that is likely the origin of this strong vaso-trigeminal response and due to the nature of this structure at the interface between the peripheral and central nervous systems.

In agreement, by in vivo quantitative imaging, we observed that treatment increased the number of LysM-EGFP cells traveling in tumor blood vessels and doubled the densities of both infiltrated LysM-EGFP monocytes and double-labeled EGFP/EYFP moDC.

Study results indicated that from CAD-generated false-positives, we enabled to generate a new quantitative imaging marker to predict higher risk cases being positive and cue a case-based warning sign.

Using a leave-one-case-out cross-validation method, a support vector machine model was developed to produce a new quantitative imaging marker to predict the likelihood of a woman having mammography-detectable cancer in the next subsequent (“current”) screening.

Both societies share a vision to develop radiologic and medical imaging techniques through advanced quantitative imaging biomarkers and artificial intelligence.

In this study, we use a recently-developed murine model of physiologic Mtb infection coupled with advanced quantitative imaging to demonstrate that IFNγ production by Mtb-specific T cells is rapidly extinguished within the granuloma, but not in unaffected areas of the lung.

METHODS We employed multispectral quantitative imaging on the lung adenocarcinoma TME in 153 patients with resected tumors.

Methods We employed multispectral quantitative imaging on the lung adenocarcinoma TME in 153 patients with resected tumors.

Background Quantitative imaging of epithelial tissues prompts for bioimage analysis tools that are widely applicable and accurate.

Background Quantitative imaging of epithelial tissues requires bioimage analysis tools that are widely applicable and accurate.

We present simultaneous and consistent measurements of metabolic scaling exponents from clinical images of lung cancer, serving as a first-of-its-kind test of metabolic scaling theory, and identifying potential quantitative imaging biomarkers indicative of tumor growth.

Conclusions The study shows that IVIM derived f tumor and CT perfusion derived BF tumor similarly reflect vascularity of PDAC and seem to be comparably applicable for the evaluation of tumor perfusion for tumor characterization and as potential quantitative imaging biomarker.

Computer-derived quantitative imaging or “radiomic” features may serve as non-invasive surrogates for underlying biological factors and heterogeneity that characterize pancreatic tumors from African Americans, yet studies are lacking in this area.

Simple Summary In this study, we assessed the potential of simultaneously acquired 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and magnetic resonance imaging-derived quantitative imaging parameters to predict the tumor grade, metastatic status, and response to neoadjuvant therapy of primary soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities.

Our quantitative imaging strategy will be of high value for characterizing the dynamics and function of MCSs between various organelles in living cells.

Our quantitative imaging results suggest that the depolymerization of cytoplasmic actin may compromise BER efficiency in mammals not only due to elevated levels of nuclear actin, but also of tubulin.

Tomoelastography provides quantitative imaging markers for the detection of PNET and the prediction of greater tumor aggressiveness by increased stiffness.

Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans performed at term-equivalent age in preterm infants provide quantitative imaging parameters that differ with respect to the degree of prematurity, related to brain maturation.

Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) is a promising technique for fast quantitative imaging of human tissue.

Three-dimensional MRF obtains highly repeatable and reproducible estimations of T1 and T2, supporting the translation of MRF-based fast quantitative imaging into clinical applications.

Our approach facilitates the generation of knock-in lines in zebrafish, opening the way for accurate quantitative imaging studies.

Our approach facilitates the generation of knock-in lines in zebrafish, opening the way for accurate quantitative imaging studies.

Compared with FPD-CBCT images acquired at the same dose level, PCD-CT images demonstrated a 53% reduction in noise variance and additional quantitative imaging capability.

R2* might act as additional quantitative imaging marker for tumor characterization of rectal cancer.

Here we combine quantitative imaging and lineage tracking with genetic tools that provide temporally-restricted BASL expression.

Here, we combine quantitative imaging and lineage tracking with genetic tools that provide temporally restricted BASL expression.

There is much interest in harmonizing preclinical and clinical quantitative imaging pipelines.

An overview of multiple application areas along the imaging chain where deep learning methods are utilized in discovery and clinical quantitative imaging trials is presented.

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a relatively new multi-parametric quantitative imaging method that involves a two-step process: (i) reconstructing a series of time frames from highly-undersampled non-Cartesian spiral k-space data and (ii) pattern matching using the time frames to infer tissue properties (e.

Due to the capability of fast multi-parametric quantitative imaging, magnetic resonance fingerprinting has become a promising quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (QMRI) approach.

Whether quantitative imaging biomarkers can identify discrete subgroups of patients as might be used to foster personalized medicine approaches for patient care remains unclear.

Editorial for “Convolutional neural network for accelerating the computation of the extended Tofts model in dynamic contrastenhanced magnetic resonance imaging” Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be a valuable tool for quantifying blood–brain barrier leakage and can also be used to derive quantitative imaging biomarkers in the field of oncology.

Advances in computational techniques have led to interest in mining quantitative imaging features to noninvasively detect genetic mutations.

Radiomics is a method to mine large numbers of quantitative imaging features and develop predictive models.

However, despite their prevalent use in capturing and quantifying scientific phenomena, neither a thorough understanding of the principles underlying quantitative imaging techniques nor appropriate knowledge of how to calibrate, operate and maintain microscopes can be taken for granted.

Facilitating clinical translation of quantitative imaging techniques has been suggested as means of improving interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate.

Recently, radiomics has shown great abilities in quantitative imaging analysis with outstanding performance on computer-aid diagnosis tasks.

The combination of the mechanical testing, the quantitative imaging analysis, and the modeling provided insights into the damage mechanisms acting: microcrack propagation is far more active than microcrack initiation upon cyclic loading.

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) techniques demonstrate their potential to provide novel quantitative imaging markers in medical imaging.

Tomoelastography provides quantitative imaging markers for the detection of PNET and the prediction of greater tumor aggressiveness by increased stiffness.

In this paper, a quantitative imaging method is proposed for complex-shaped parts based on an ice-coupled full waveform inversion (FWI) method.

Conclusion Radiation absorbed doses to the bone marrow and skeletal metastatic lesions, following therapeutic [177Lu]Lu-EDTMP were estimated using a convenient and non-invasive quantitative imaging method.

Laboratory and quantitative imaging parameters were merged to test ML algorithms.

Simple Summary In this study, we assessed the potential of simultaneously acquired 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and magnetic resonance imaging-derived quantitative imaging parameters to predict the tumor grade, metastatic status, and response to neoadjuvant therapy of primary soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities.

The purpose of this multicenter study was to assess whether quantitative imaging data differ between IPF and CTD-ILD in the setting of UIP.

Quantitative imaging data can aid in objective reporting and in the identification of outliers, with possible diagnostic implications.

Nuclear medicine radionuclide imaging is a quantitative imaging modality based on radioisotope-labeled tracers which emit radiation in the form of photons used for image reconstruction.

We aimed to provide a perspective review of the available quantitative imaging modalities of the spine for prognostic evaluation of the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Our approach facilitates the generation of knock-in lines in zebrafish, opening the way for accurate quantitative imaging studies.

Our approach facilitates the generation of knock-in lines in zebrafish, opening the way for accurate quantitative imaging studies.

Once optimized, this quantitative imaging strategy may facilitate tailoring of therapy in this setting.

Our quantitative imaging strategy will be of high value for characterizing the dynamics and function of MCSs between various organelles in living cells.

Conclusions PAM has great potential to be an effective and precise quantitative imaging tool for perforator skin flap research, such in as flap design, monitoring, and choke vessel observation.

Results from this preliminary study suggest that CT texture analysis might be a promising quantitative imaging tool that predicts oncological outcomes after starting nivolumab treatment.

The present study aimed to investigate correlations at pre-treatment between quantitative imaging metrics derived from FDG-PET/CT(SUL), FMISO-PET/CT (K1, k3, TBR, and DV), DW-MRI (ADC, IVIM [D, D*, and f]), and FXR DCE-MRI [Ktrans, ve, and τi]) using a community detection algorithm (CDA) based on the “spin-glass model” and Spearman rank analysis in patients with HNSCC.

OBJECTIVE The overarching aim of this study is the comprehensive characterisation of cerebral grey and white matter alterations in poliomyelitis survivors with reference to healthy- and disease-controls using quantitative imaging metrics.

In this study, the adhesion force mapping of a single Tol 5 cell in liquid using the quantitative imaging mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the adhesion of Tol 5 was near 2 nN, which was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of other adhesive bacteria.

The scope of the study is to (1) identify the strengths and weaknesses in each surface plasmon microscopes reported in the literature; (2) quantify their performance in terms of spatial imaging resolution, imaging contrast, sensitivity, and measurement accuracy for quantitative and non-quantitative imaging modes of the microscopes.

We evaluated the proposed LGAN schema on datasets including Lung Image Database Consortium image collection (LIDC-IDRI) and Quantitative Imaging Network (QIN) collection with two metrics: segmentation quality and shape similarity.

The ISBI 2018 Lung Nodule Malignancy Prediction Challenge, developed by a team from the Quantitative Imaging Network of the National Cancer Institute, was focused on the prediction of lung nodule malignancy from two sequential LDCT screening exams using automated (non-manual) algorithms.

Quantitative imaging approaches have recently begun to reveal how the cell cycle oscillator is controlled in space and time, and how it is integrated with mechanical signals to drive morphogenesis.

Shear wave ultrasound elastography is a quantitative imaging approach in soft tissues based on viscosity-elastic properties.

Quantitative imaging may contribute to phenotyping this patient group.

Patient stratification based on tumor aggressiveness and early therapeutic response based on quantitative imaging may improve prediction of treatment response and the evaluation of new treatment strategies in clinical trials.

A quantitative imaging software platform was used to extract radiomics.

Appropriate selection of the target lobe and assessment of fissure integrity using quantitative imaging software are essential to obtain best possible outcomes.

METHOD To examine the relationship between CIN and HGSOC, we employed single-cell quantitative imaging microscopy approaches capable of capturing the cell-to-cell heterogeneity associated with CIN, to assess the prevalence and dynamics of CIN within individual and patient-matched HGSOC ascites and solid tumour samples.

Results Single-cell quantitative imaging microscopy approaches revealed changes in CIN-associated phenotypes and chromosome numbers and increased Cyclin E1 in response to diminished SKP1 or CUL1 expression.

CONCLUSION  We recommend a standardized head neck position of 50 degrees flexion if quantitative imaging measurements of the CVJ are used to diagnose pathologies in this region.

Importantly, these models can be personalized for individual tumors via quantitative imaging measurements.

An existing forward-backward time-stepping (FBTS) time-domain quantitative imaging algorithm is augmented with a discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM) forward solver.

To help accelerate the development of robust quantitative imaging algorithms and tools, it is critical that CT imaging is obtained following best practices of the quantitative lung CT imaging community.

Compared with FPD-CBCT images acquired at the same dose level, PCD-CT images demonstrated a 53% reduction in noise variance and additional quantitative imaging capability.

Background: Micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET), a small-animal dedicated PET system, is used in biomedical studies and has the quantitative imaging capabilities of radiotracers.

Ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave quantitative imaging offers less-painful examination, where a significant dielectric contrast between the malignant tumor and normal tissue is exploited.

Well-established automatic methods for quantitative imaging offer the opportunity to enrich the radiologist interpretation with a large number of radiomic features, which need to be highly reproducible to be used reliably in clinical practice.