Introduction to Positron Emission

Post-resection staging positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed hypermetabolic mixed lytic and sclerotic lesion of T10 concerning for metastasis.

To explore the feasibility of [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to evaluate whether [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT could be used for non-invasive determination of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) expression in NPC.

METHODS Participants (N = 111; 33 patients with psychosis, 37 individuals at clinical high risk, and 41 healthy control subjects) underwent a TSPO [18F]FEPPA positron emission tomography scan and a magnetic resonance imaging scan.

CS Cardiac sarcoidosis CT Computed tomography CTAC Computed tomography attenuation corrected FDG F-Fluorodeoxyglucose HLA Horizontal long axis ICD Implantable cardioverter defibrillator LV Left ventricle LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction MRI Magnetic resonance imaging NAC Non-attenuation correction NSVT Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia NYHA New York heart association PET Positron emission tomography PVC Premature ventricular contraction RV Right ventricle SAX Short axis SUV Standard uptake value VT Ventricular tachycardia VLA Vertical long axis.

It is noteworthy to point out that a large body of evidence shows cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) to exhibit a higher diagnostic accuracy than conventional single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for detection of CAD in stable chest pain patients.

Dopaminergic deficiency, shown by many studies using functional neuroimaging with Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), is the most consistent neurochemical feature of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and, together with transcranial ultrasonography, and determination of alpha-synuclein in certain tissues, should be considered as a reliable marker for the phenoconversion of idiopathic RBD (iRBD) to a synucleopathy (Parkinson’s disease –PD- or Lewy body dementia -LBD).

INTRODUCTION Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) is a promising molecular imaging technique for prostate cancer (PCa).

Whole-body multiparameter MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) with specific tracers, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), fluciclovine, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), and so on, has demonstrated promising clinical value for treatment response monitoring of patients with metastatic CRPC.

Background/Aim: Preoperative fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) is a non-invasive and useful diagnostic tool to evaluate mediastinal lymph node (LN) metastasis in lung cancer.

This study aims to investigate the clinical utility of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in treatment-naive patients with TSCC.

Therefore, we aimed to determine which patient and tumor characteristics, including concurrent T2DM, are related to high glucose uptake in the majority of tumor lesions in NSCLC patients as measured by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans.

To assess the additional value of 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/CT over conventional morphological imaging techniques in the treatment response assessment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) to molecular targeted therapy (MTT), we performed a meta-analysis of all the available studies to compare the predictive value of [18F]FDG PET or PET/CT and conventional imaging techniques for assessing the response to MTT in GIST.

It also considered the usefulness of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in PIF diagnosis.

Background and purpose The restricted bore diameter of current simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) systems can be an impediment to achieving similar patient positioning during PET/MRI planning and radiotherapy.

We hypothesized that early measurements of tumor maximum standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SULmax) on 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) would predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to pertuzumab and trastuzumab (PT).

OBJECTIVE The prognostic potential of pretreatment maximum standardized uptake volume (SUVmax) on gallium-68-DOTATATE was evaluated with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT) in 37 patients with G1/G2 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET) who received peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with lutetium-177-[DOTAo,Tyr3] octreotate (177Lu-DOTATATE) after the failure of somatostatin analogues.

During the work-up, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a pattern of inflammation consistent with sarcoidosis, which was confirmed with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of simultaneous hybrid cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for detection and differentiation of active (aCS) from chronic (cCS) cardiac sarcoidosis.

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed the mass had an increased F18 FDG uptake with standardized uptake value (SUV) of 7.

Purpose To systematically evaluate the consistency of various standardized uptake value (SUV) lean body mass (LBM) normalization methods in a clinical positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) setting.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) describes brain connectivity based on cerebral oxygenation dynamics (hemodynamic connectivity), whereas [18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose functional positron emission tomography (FDG-fPET) describes brain connectivity based on cerebral glucose uptake (metabolic connectivity), each providing a unique characterisation of the human brain.

Though there exist other techniques to extract the same like Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET) we have used EEG as it is economical.

Forty-four healthy men underwent 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography and were divided into Low-BAT and High-BAT groups.

OBJECTIVES We investigated the [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) findings of pancreatic and extrapancreatic lesions in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and pancreatic cancer (PC) and evaluated the usefulness of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for differentiating between AIP and PC.

The SPs have been additionally labeled with zirconium-89 (89Zr) to perform the biodistribution studies using positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET/CT) imaging for 14 days after intratumoral injection.

The clinical data, the results of the 18Fluoro-L-3-4 dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (18F-DOPA PET/CT) scanning, and the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed retrospectively.

To achieve this, plasma amyloid-β 42/40 (Aβ42/40), phosphorylated-tau181 (P-tau181), phosphorylated-tau217 (P-tau217) and neurofilament light (NfL) were determined in 159 non-demented individuals, 123 patients with AD dementia and 35 patients with a non-AD dementia from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study, who underwent longitudinal amyloid (18 F-flutemetamol) and tau (18 F-RO948) positron emission tomography (PET), structural magnetic resonance imaging (T1-weighted) and cognitive testing.

In this paper, we propose a novel sparse regression method to fuse the auxiliary data into the predictor data for the pMCI/sMCI classification, where the predictor data is structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) information of both pMCI and sMCI subjects and the auxiliary data includes the ages of the subjects, the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) information of the predictor data, and the structural MRI information of AD and Normal Controls (NC).

Nitrogen-13 labeled ammonia ([13N]NH3) has been used for myocardial perfusion imaging with Positron Emission Tomography for decades.

Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with positron emission tomography (PET) is an established tool for evaluation of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed bronchial wall thickening and we suspected RP; however, he had no auricular symptoms and did not meet the diagnostic McAdam criteria for RP, so we used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (FDG-PET/CT) to search for other cartilage lesions.

While contrast-enhanced computed tomography was noncontributory, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed the diffuse, intense uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the aorta and its branches.

PurposeTo investigate the surgical prognosis and efficacy of adjuvant therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with occult lymph node metastasis (ONM) defined by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT).

The prognostic value of treatment response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) shown by 18F-fludeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) results obtained with multiple types of PET scanners using standardized uptake value (SUV) harmonization was evaluated.

Using n = 174 paired dynamic HED and NH3 positron emission tomography (PET) scans, regional defect scores (%LV extent × severity) were calculated using HED and NH3 uptake, as well as HED distribution volume and NH3 myocardial blood flow by kinetic modeling.

Importantly, after epicardial placement of ONO-1301SR for 4 weeks, the myocardial blood flow significantly increased in the lateral region as assessed by 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography; this finding was consistent with significantly increased capillary density in the peri-infarct area with up-regulated angiogenic cytokine expression.

A positron emission tomography scan showed decreased intensity of activity in the both axillae.

A fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan showed an intense hypometabolism consistent with morphological MRI atrophy findings (Fig.

The patient was found to be affected by a mild cognitive impairment associated with emotional blunting, with a brain structural magnetic resonance imaging and functional positron emission tomography, documenting frontal atrophy and frontal hypometabolism.

Here, using a machine-learning algorithm, we explore sex differences in metabolic brain-age derived from fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging among cognitively healthy individuals and those affected by mild cognitive impairment and clinically probable AD.

Conventional imaging studies and a Ga-68 dodecane tetraacetic acid tyrosine-3-octreotate (DOTATATE) positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) scan revealed the presence of a metastatic PanNEN arising from the pancreatic tail.

The fate of intranasal aerosolized radiolabeled polymeric micellar nanoparticles (LPNPs) was tracked with positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) imaging in a rat model to measure nose-to-brain delivery.

The methods used were positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT; n = 2 studies), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n = 1), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; n = 12).

Forty volunteers (SCZ n  = 18, HV n  = 22) underwent [ 11 C]UCB-J positron emission tomography and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) imaging in the left hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to index [ 11 C]UCB-J distribution volume ratio (DVR), and creatine-scaled glutamate (Glu/Cr), glutamate and glutamine (Glx/Cr) and NAA (NAA/Cr).

4D medical imaging includes time-resolved volumetric computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasound imaging.

Radiomics is a newer approach for analyzing radiological images obtained from conventional imaging modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasonography, and positron emission tomography.

18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography scan showed increased uptake at posterolateral region of the pericardium adjacent to the LV lead, suggestive of possible lead‐related infection.

Computed tomography scans were also part of the follow-up program, and positron emission tomography was added when clinically appropriate.

The fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomogram (FDG-PET) scan revealed elevated uptake in the area of lung opacities with a standard uptake value of 4.

Measurements Gender, disease staging, APOE ε4 status, amyloid status, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) standard uptake value ratio (SUVr) and amyloid PET Centiloid (CL) values were determined for screened subjects; by country and region.

Radical local treatment of oligometastatic patients has then increased given developments in imaging (mainly positron emission tomography and brain magnetic resonance imaging) and access to effective and better tolerated treatments.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose showed mild bilateral temporo-insular atrophy and hypometabolism in the left-superior temporal gyrus respectively.

The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of ultra-low 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) activity in total-body positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) oncological studies.

To solve this issue, the present study aimed to evaluate model-based AC for whole-body 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy- d -glucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by creating bone segmentation.

Positron emission tomography (PET) using small ligands of the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) was recently introduced.

Purpose Small molecules targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) have emerged as a new group of tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) in 2018.

Gallium-68 and fluorine-18 labeled PSMA are currently available for positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging for the diagnosis, staging, treatment planning and follow-up of prostate cancer.

The purpose of this study was to synthesize a fluorine-18 labeled, highly selective aldosterone synthase (hCYP11B2) inhibitor, [18F]AldoView, and to assess its potential for the detection of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) with positron emission tomography in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA).

Purpose To investigate the impact of staging on differences in glucose metabolic heterogeneity between lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) textural analysis and to develop a stage-specific PET radiomic prediction model to distinguish lung ADC from SCC.

Background: This study aimed to propose a machine learning model to predict the local response of resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC) treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) using pretreatment 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) images.

Adenosine receptor (AR) radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) have provided knowledge on the in vivo biodistribution of ARs in the central nervous system (CNS), which is of therapeutic interest for various neuropsychiatric disorders.

Data of all patients with central nervous system tuberculosis who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) were analyzed.

Subsequently, a 5-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography (FDG PET) CT scan showed no evidence of active, ongoing large vessel vasculitis.

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is widely used in patients with large-vessel vasculitis (1).

We evaluated the prognostic value of myocardial flow reserve (MFR) obtained by 82-rubidium (82Rb) positron emission tomography (PET).

Myocardial flow reserve (MFR) derived from 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography (NH3-PET) can predict the prognosis of patients with various heart diseases.

In general, the diagnostic functionality of theranostic nanoparticles can be achieved through labeling gamma-emitted radioactive isotopes on the surface of nanoparticles which facilitates noninvasive detection using nuclear molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), meanwhile, the therapeutic effect arises from the potent drug released from the nanoparticle.

Early and specific detection of changes in the myocardium during the transition to heart failure can be made via the use of molecular imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET).

Coronary 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) angiography-based quantitative plaque analysis have shown promise in refining risk stratification in patients with coronary artery disease.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a leading non-invasive modality for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease due to its diagnostic accuracy and high image quality.

A 32-year-old man was found to have a nasal mass on DOTATATE positron emission tomography (PET) scan to investigate the cause of his syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).

We present an interesting case of a 48-year-old man with paraneoplastic hyperfibrinolysis, where 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was able to detect occult prostate-specific antigen-negative metastatic prostate cancer as the underlying etiology.

CONCLUSIONS Provided by the working group are suggestions and strategies to improve the implementation of new imaging techniques such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), PSMA-PET/CT (prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography/computed tomography) and innovative therapeutic options (radium-223 dichloride, lutetium-177-PSMA) in the complex treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Background The purpose of this study was to develop a voxel-wise clustering method of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[ 18 F]-fluoro-L-phenylalanine (FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) images using an unsupervised, two-level clustering approach followed by support vector machine in order to classify the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status of gliomas.

Studies were screened, and those investigating FC measured by resting-state functional MRI and Aβ and τ protein depositions using amyloid and τ positron emission tomography were included.

All subjects underwent a resting-state functional MRI and Fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET).

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes due to COVID-19 vaccines and the factors affecting hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes in F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in on cology patients.

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT performed in June 2019 showed disease relapse, with reappearance of a large hypermetabolic hepatic mass and involvement of mediastinal and axillary lymph nodes.

Routine implementation of endoscopic and endobronchial ultrasonography for mediastinal lymph nodes assessment, positron emission tomography/computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain allows for more accurate staging of NSCLC and for optimizing treatment strategy.

She underwent right lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection under single lung ventilation with tumor-free margins on diagnosis-based findings of preoperative computed tomography-guided biopsy and positron emission tomography.

Whole-body fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) (18F-FDG PET/CT) was performed for further evaluation.

Background The transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the treatment lines for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this study was conducted to assess the role of functional imaging including the DWI, ADC and 18 F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) for detection of residual HCC after TACE as compared to the structural liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS).

We present a rare case of an operated primary angiosarcoma of the right breast in a 20-year-old female who showed disease recurrence in the right posterior arm subcutaneous tissue on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography after 1 year of surgery without any other visceral metastasis.

We describe a case of a 16-year-old female with a false-positive positron emission tomography (PET) scan result following recent COVID-19 vaccination in left deltoid.

Another avenue that is currently being explored is non-invasive imaging with specific uPAR-targeted reporter-molecules containing positron emitting radionuclides or near-infrared (NIR) florescence probes with the overarching aim of being able to: (i) localize disease dissemination using positron emission tomography (PET) and (ii) assist fluorescence guided surgery using optical imaging.

The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) has emerged as a potential non-dopaminergic target for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and, thus, the non-invasive imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) is of utmost importance to monitor the receptor expression and occupancy during an A2AR-tailored therapy.

Therefore, we created and evaluated an [18F]Florbetaben amyloid brain positron emission tomography (PET) scan classification model with a Dong-A University Hospital (DAUH) dataset based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), and performed external validation with the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset.

Although supervised convolutional neural networks (CNNs) often outperform conventional alternatives for denoising positron emission tomography (PET) images, they require many low- and high-quality reference PET image pairs.

Fluorine-18 labelled fluoro-deoxy-glucose-positron emission tomography scans provide a noninvasive method to assess the aggressiveness of the tumour and to rule out metastasis and is replacing the use of the bone scintigraphy.

This literature review aimed to investigate the current evidence on the use of 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/computer tomography (CT) in infectious complications after SOT.

Positron emission tomodensitometry-computed tomography showed the presence of a uterine mass with bilateral iliac lymph node involvement.

Computed tomography showed a solitary nodule with spiculation located on the upper lobe of the left lung while positron emission tomography suggested malignancy without metastasis.

Methods This prospective observational study compared the presurgical staging and risk triage based on endometrial biopsy (EB) and imaging (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], Positron Emission Tomography [PET] scan) in 94 cases of EC with the final surgicopathological staging and evaluated the role of each modality in presurgical evaluation and triage.

Although many practitioners champion a certain surrogate as superior to the others, computed tomorgraphy (CT) imaging, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (de Bondt), positron emission tomography (PET/CT) (Acrin), and physical exam all have limitations.

This volume covers algorithms and methods for a wide range of imaging techniques such as spectral X-ray computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography combined with CT or magnetic resonance imaging, bioluminescence imaging and fluorescence-mediated imaging as well as diffuse optical tomography combined with ultrasound.

Several medical imaging modalities have appeared in the last decades including X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance (MR), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and ultrasound imaging.

Follow-up for patients with resected stage IIIA–D melanoma may include computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging to identify distant metastases.

Imaging modalities often used by clinicians for 3D cancer staging include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography.

We present an interestingly rare case of this entity in renal cell carcinoma, revealed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan.

e16564Background: Positron emission tomography with (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) is not considered a standard of care (SOC) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) because of its variability in metabol.