Introduction to Polyelectrolyte Multilayers

What is/are Polyelectrolyte Multilayers?

Polyelectrolyte Multilayers - A polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) primer was used to enhance the initial anchoring of the ZIF-8 seed crystals on the PU surface. ^[1] Gel beads loaded with Oph were synthesized from alginate, a naturally occurring biodegradable anionic polysaccharide, and coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers (from natural polyelectrolytes (chitosan and hyaluronic acid) and synthetic polyelectrolytes (poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(styrene sulfonate)) or hybrid polyelectrolyte-graphene oxide multilayers. ^[2] The introduction of counter-ions into polyelectrolyte multilayers produced coatings mimicking the strong β-sheet structures, noncovalent intermolecular interactions, and consequently self-repair process in cephalopods. ^[3] FGF2 release from polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) was measured and the data was fit to a simple degradation model, allowing for the determination of FGF2 concentrations between 2 and 4 days of culture time. ^[4] Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are highly promising materials as selective separation layers on the inside of hollow fiber membranes. ^[5] The science behind the build-up mechanism of polyelectrolyte multilayers is important for developing devices for various engineering applications. ^[6] In particular, the surface properties of biomaterials are manipulated via the convenient introduction of amino groups to the ester-based polymers, the formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers, and the fabrication of topology and gradient cues, etc. ^[7] In this work, polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are prepared by alternating dip-coating of the negatively charged cellulose derivate carboxymethyl cellulose and a polycation, either polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) or chitosan (CHI). ^[8] The use of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as emulsifying layers at an oil-water interface has significant potential to enhance emulsion application and function. ^[9] Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films such as polyelectrolyte multilayers have demonstrated excellent oxygen barrier properties, but unfortunately, the established layer-by-layer approaches are laborious and difficult to scale up. ^[10] With the contribution of both plasmonic Au film and polyelectrolyte multilayers, these findings underscore the guideline for creating selective SERS substrate for creatinine detection. ^[11] Among the unconventional approaches of supporting catalyst nanoparticles, the layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayers for nanoparticle adsorption represents an easy and convenient method. ^[12] Titania nanotubes were fabricated via an anodization process and the surfaces were further modified with polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) based on Tanfloc (a cationic tannin derivative) and glycosaminoglycans (heparin and hyaluronic acid). ^[13] Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) were prepared using the LbL technique from hydrophilic and amphiphilic derivatives of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). ^[14] Polyelectrolyte multilayers are promising drug carriers with potential applications in the delivery of poorly soluble drugs. ^[15] HYPOTHESIS Polarity in polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) may vary from the inner to the top layers of the film as the charge compensation of the layers is more effective inside the PEMs than in outer layers. ^[16] Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) were assembled by means of alternate electrostatic adsorption of polyanions and polycations using colloidal structure of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) as LbL building blocks. ^[17] Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) consisting of the polysaccharides hyaluronic acid (HA) as the polyanion and chitosan (Chi) as the polycation were prepared with layer-by-layer technique (LbL). ^[18] Relatively few studies, though, have employed this technique to measure water content of polyelectrolyte multilayers formed by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. ^[19] This work presents a simple methodology for coating small unilamellar liposomes bearing different degrees of positive charge with polyelectrolyte multilayers using the sequential layer-by-layer deposition method. ^[20] Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) coated on porous membrane supports have shown versatile opportunities for tailoring the resulting membrane characteristics. ^[21] Polyelectrolyte multilayers are versatile materials that are used in a large number of domains, including biomedical and environmental applications. ^[22] In our study, we consider standard polyvinyl chloride (PVC) catheter surfaces and compare their properties with the properties of the same surfaces coated with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PDADMA/PSS) polyelectrolyte multilayers. ^[23] We investigate the self-patterning of polyelectrolyte multilayers, poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS)short. ^[24] Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) deposited on non lyophilized and lyophilized polylactic acid (PDLA) substrates were investigated. ^[25] The results prove a successful elimination of pharmaceutical contaminants, up to 84% from drinking water, by applying a combination of polyelectrolyte multilayers and ceramic membranes. ^[26] In the present work, we investigate the effect of surface chemistry on fouling of NF membranes based on polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM), during the treatment of artificial produced water. ^[27] Polyelectrolyte multilayers have received broad interests in the fields of functional coatings due to their easy deposition procedure, environmentally friendly nature and wide sensitivities to manifold external stimuli. ^[28] These findings are in accordance with the results we obtained for polyelectrolyte multilayers and could be helpful for designing polyelectrolyte multilayers with tuned properties needed for various applications, primarily in the field of biomedicine. ^[29] By introducing CaCl2-derived counterions and montmorillonite for nanobrick wall structures into polyelectrolyte multilayers stacked by layer-by-layer self-assembly, the noncovalent polymer network is increased, resulting in mimicking a strong cephalopod-derived β-sheet structure and noncovalent intermolecular interactions derived from cephalopods. ^[30] In this work free-standing gels formed from gellan gum (GG) by solvent evaporation are coated with polysaccharide-based polyelectrolyte multilayers, using the layer-by-layer approach. ^[31]

polyethylene alt maleic

Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) have been prepared using the strong polycation poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and the weak polyanion poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid) [P(E-alt-MA)]. ^[1] The strong polycation poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and the weak polyanion poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid) (P(E-alt-MA)) were used to build polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) up to 31 layers. ^[2]

self assembly technique

Herein, natural polyelectrolyte multilayers composed of poly-l-ornithine (PLO) and carboxymethyl lentinan (LC) were coated on the surface of MSNs through a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique, and were characterized by ζ-potential, FTIR, 13C NMR, SEM, TEM, XRD, and TG. ^[1] In this study, ferulic acid-modified water soluble chitosan and poly (γ-glutamic acid) polyelectrolyte multilayers films were constructed through the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. ^[2]

Build Polyelectrolyte Multilayers

The strong polycation poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and the weak polyanion poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid) (P(E-alt-MA)) were used to build polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) up to 31 layers. ^[1] In this work, tanfloc (TN), a cationic tannin-derivative polymer was assembled with heparin (HEP) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), using the layer-by-layer (LbL) approach, to build polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) and to design cytocompatible coatings. ^[2]

Casein Polyelectrolyte Multilayers

In the present study chitosan and casein polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) deposited on composite polylactic acid (PDLA) / poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEC) substrates were investigated. ^[1] In the present paper the effect of pH and ionic strength on the immobilization and release of curcumin from chitosan and casein polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) was investigated. ^[2]

polyelectrolyte multilayers formed

Relatively few studies, though, have employed this technique to measure water content of polyelectrolyte multilayers formed by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. ^[1] A strategy has been devised for improving the quality of polyelectrolyte multilayers formed via the layer-by-layer technique. ^[2]

polyelectrolyte multilayers produced

The introduction of counter-ions into polyelectrolyte multilayers produced coatings mimicking the strong β-sheet structures, noncovalent intermolecular interactions, and consequently self-repair process in cephalopods. ^[1] This paper explores the influence of pH and ionic strength of polyelectrolyte solutions as a simple and chemically amenable strategy for tuning the structure and drug delivery properties of polyelectrolyte multilayers produced via layer-by-layer technique. ^[2]