Introduction to Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel

What is/are Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel?

Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel - Here, the continuous gradient all-polysaccharide polyelectrolyte hydrogel membranes prepared by ultrafast reaction-diffusion method have been demonstrated to enable high-performance osmotic energy conversion. ^[1] A new side-chain ferrocene (Fc)-containing polyelectrolyte has been synthesized by controlled ring-opening metathesis polymerization of a water-soluble Fc-containing norbornene-based quaternary ammonium salt, as well as the corresponding covalently cross-linked polyelectrolyte hydrogel. ^[2] The transient magneto-chemo-electro-mechanical behavior is investigated by a multiphysics model for a magnetic polyelectrolyte hydrogel submerged in ionic solution with mobile ions under an external magnetic field. ^[3] In this study, a novel ionic liquid segmental polyelectrolyte hydrogel consisting of acrylic acid (AAc), 1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide (VBIMBr) and aluminum ion (Al3+) was prepared by molecular design and polymer synthesis. ^[4] In ExM, biomolecules, fluorescent proteins, and dyes are functionalized with specific handles to link a dense polyelectrolyte hydrogel, which can achieve an isotropic expansion of 4. ^[5] 5 mM NaCl and Na2 SO4 ) on the gel, rheological and structural properties of fish gelatin (FG)-κ-carrageenan (κC) polyelectrolyte hydrogels. ^[6] Uniformly sized interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) polyelectrolyte hydrogel droplets were produced with solid-state liquid crystal (LCsolid) shells, which had been produced by a microfluidic method. ^[7] Here, we have formulated mixed polyelectrolyte hydrogel beads of chitosan and alginate encapsulating insulin as the model drug. ^[8] Summary Expansion microscopy is a sample preparation technique in which fixed and immunostained cells or tissues are embedded in a cross-linked network of swellable polyelectrolyte hydrogel that expands isotropically upon addition of deionized water. ^[9] polyelectrolyte hydrogel ionic diodes (PHIDs) have recently emerged as a unique set of ionic devices. ^[10] The method utilizes polymer chemistry and the ability of a swellable polyelectrolyte hydrogel to absorb water, and thus to expand its size. ^[11] Starch cross-linking with other biopolymers such as xanthan gum is promising for obtaining novel polyelectrolyte hydrogels with improved functional properties. ^[12] Rather than optically magnify samples, ExM works by embedding biological tissue into a water-swellable polyelectrolyte hydrogel, enzymatically homogenizing them, and then isotropically expanding the tissue-hydrogel physically in pure water. ^[13] By this article, we continue studying weak polyelectrolyte hydrogels and their application as a desalination agent. ^[14] Our result predict that weak polyelectrolyte hydrogels, such as the often employed poly(acrylic acid), can be efficiently used to lower the salinity of sea- or brackish water, while they will be inefficient in desalinating water of low salinity. ^[15] In this study, we fabricated a series of polyelectrolyte hydrogels bearing a 3-trimethylammoniumpropyl pendant to a methacrylamide-based backbone and examined the switchability with hydrophobic-like counteranions. ^[16] A constitutive model is developed to describe the effects of pH and molar fraction of salt in a solution on the critical temperature of TR polyelectrolyte hydrogels. ^[17] The aim of the present work was to investigate the preparation of polyelectrolyte hydrogel as potential drug carrier for antibacterial Ciprofloxacin drug (CFX), intended for controlled release formulation. ^[18] Hence, in the present work, polyelectrolyte hydrogels are investigated in consideration of the mechanical characteristics via a tensile test. ^[19] Polyelectrolyte hydrogels have great potential as gel-polymer electrolytes (GPE) because of their lowcost and environmental benefits. ^[20] In this context, we have prepared a biocompatible gelatin based polyelectrolyte hydrogel patch that has an inherent ability to self-heal in the presence of physiological pH (pH = 7. ^[21] , ionic pumping effect, using a polyelectrolyte hydrogel foam (PHF), demonstrated with poly(sodium acrylate) [P(SA)] embedded in a microporous carbon foam (CF). ^[22] The study also revealed secondary factors, such as ion valency, ion specificity and hydrogen bond formation, holding crucial roles in tuning mechanical properties of the polyelectrolyte hydrogel. ^[23] The hydrogels are adhesive to many surfaces including polyelectrolyte hydrogels, skin, glasses, silicone rubbers, and nitrile rubbers. ^[24] In the case of polyelectrolyte hydrogels, the charges localized on the polymer chains, which mainly drive the swelling pressure inside the hydrogel, can also separate added salt via charge-based selectivity (Donnan exclusion). ^[25] Herein, two series of safe and reliable polyelectrolyte hydrogels (PEHs) were prepared from two oppositely charged polysaccharides, namely tragacanth (TG) and chitosan (CS), and applied for the delivery of ibuprofen as a model drug. ^[26] The study also revealed secondary factors, such as ion valency, ion specificity and hydrogen bond formation, holding crucial roles in tuning mechanical properties of the polyelectrolyte hydrogel. ^[27] Here, we report the signal amplification in ionic systems as well as sensing through the modified design of polyelectrolyte hydrogel-based ionic diodes. ^[28] The objective of this work was to study the effect of the loading of monomers (cationic, anionic and ampholytes) in the preparation of polyelectrolyte hydrogels (PEHG) based on alkylated vinylated chitosan, in order to improve the understanding of the effect of ionic monomers on the polymerization of alkylated vinyl chitosan to obtain PEHGs. ^[29] This concept is complementary to the osmotic engine concept based on a polyelectrolyte hydrogel. ^[30] Other prior research demonstrates the effectiveness of superporous polyelectrolyte hydrogels for water sorption and diffusion (Smith, 2017, 2481-2488; Ida, 2018). ^[31] Quantitative information on the swelling/adsorption behaviors of novel polyelectrolyte hydrogels and semi-IPNs which can be used in many potential applications were given in this study. ^[32]

Swellable Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel

Summary Expansion microscopy is a sample preparation technique in which fixed and immunostained cells or tissues are embedded in a cross-linked network of swellable polyelectrolyte hydrogel that expands isotropically upon addition of deionized water. ^[1] The method utilizes polymer chemistry and the ability of a swellable polyelectrolyte hydrogel to absorb water, and thus to expand its size. ^[2] Rather than optically magnify samples, ExM works by embedding biological tissue into a water-swellable polyelectrolyte hydrogel, enzymatically homogenizing them, and then isotropically expanding the tissue-hydrogel physically in pure water. ^[3]

Novel Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel

Starch cross-linking with other biopolymers such as xanthan gum is promising for obtaining novel polyelectrolyte hydrogels with improved functional properties. ^[1] Quantitative information on the swelling/adsorption behaviors of novel polyelectrolyte hydrogels and semi-IPNs which can be used in many potential applications were given in this study. ^[2]

Weak Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel

By this article, we continue studying weak polyelectrolyte hydrogels and their application as a desalination agent. ^[1] Our result predict that weak polyelectrolyte hydrogels, such as the often employed poly(acrylic acid), can be efficiently used to lower the salinity of sea- or brackish water, while they will be inefficient in desalinating water of low salinity. ^[2]