Introduction to Opioid Misuse

We extracted evidence of DSM-5 OUD criteria and opioid misuse from clinical documentation in the month preceding and three months following initial ICD code listing, and categorized patients into: 1) high likelihood of OUD, 2) limited aberrant opioid use, 3) prescribed opioid use without evidence of aberrant use, and 4) insufficient information.

In today's epidemic of opioid misuse, overdoses are not infrequent and can end in death.

54); red flags for opioid misuse (HR 1.

Background The United States is in the midst of an opioid misuse epidemic.

The MOR is also responsible for their unwanted effects, including reward and opioid misuse leading to the current public health crisis.

The study explores how family planning staff knowledge and attitudes related to opioid misuse serve as potential barriers and challenges in making referrals for evidence-based services and treatments.

RATIONALE Among opioid-treated chronic pain patients, response inhibition deficits in emotional contexts may contribute to opioid misuse.

However, this has proven to be inadequate because opioid misuse has increased in the United States.

BACKGROUND Despite declining overall rates of opioid misuse among college students, racial and ethnic differences in percentage and correlates of opioid misuse among student populations remains unclear.

The odds ratios for all of the predictors showed that the relative risk for opioid misuse was higher for black patients than white patients (OR = 3.

The program meets the local needs by training a diverse group of master-level graduate students and community partners on evidence-based practices for substance misuse, including opioid misuse, and common mental health conditions.

To date, the nation’s efforts at combating the crisis have not included the necessary policy reforms to transform the workplace from a pathway to opioid misuse to a pathway to prevention, including education of workers, unions, employers, and health care providers and treatment and recovery of affected workers.

Nationwide, opioid misuse among pregnant women has risen four-fold from 1999 to 2014, with commensurate increase in neonates hospitalized for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

BACKGROUND No guidelines for safe opioid prescribing in palliative care exist, which contributes to limited monitoring of opioid misuse in palliative care.

OBJECTIVE The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) serves a population with compounding risk factors for opioid misuse, including chronic pain, substance use disorders, and mental health conditions.

Patient-level factors associated with more frequent encounters included a history of opioid misuse or abuse (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.

Mounting evidence suggests patients diagnosed with cancer may be at increased risk for opioid misuse and diversion.

INTRODUCTION Opioid misuse among youth is a significant concern given its potential negative consequences; yet youth who use opioids continue to face challenges in seeking treatment.

We suggest primary prevention efforts to address the connection between workplace hazards and opioid misuse, dependence, and addiction such as examining patterns of work injury and stress with records of opioid prescription.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders, chronic postoperative pain, and opioid misuse are not inevitable adverse outcomes; rather, they are preventable and treatable conditions that deserve attention.

Other studies have found an increased risk of opioid misuse in depressed patients.

We identified the following key competencies and skills that trainees in pain medicine need to develop: (1) communicating with distressed patients using skills such as de-escalation, active listening, and motivational interviewing, (2) managing patients in difficult emotional situations such as poorly controlled pain or showing signs of opioid misuse, and (3) recognizing and managing mental health issues related to chronic pain using appropriate instruments.

People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an elevated risk of opioid misuse due to both prescriptions for HIV-associated chronic pain and because injection drug use remains a primary mode of HIV transmission.

Baseline scores of depression, anxiety, and opioid misuse questionnaires will be assessed as potential contributors to the heterogeneity of treatment response.

Medical prescriptions are a large source of opioid misuse.

OBJECTIVES Opioid-related medication errors (MEs) can have a significant impact on patient health and contribute to opioid misuse.

The study conducted face-to-face interviews with 300 adults with OUD/opioid misuse and recent incarceration, recruited in Baltimore, MD, and New York, NY (n = 150 each).

BACKGROUND Women with histories of opioid misuse face drug-related stigma, which can be amplified during pregnancy.

In this review, we provide an overview of the literature on the role of anxious responding to distress in opioid misuse.

Results Perceptions of personal invulnerability to opioid misuse and addiction, opioid misuse and addiction controllability, and health care provider blame for the opioid crisis were negatively associated with physician willingness to work with patients who misuse opioids after controlling for known predictors of physician bias toward patients with substance use disorders.

Opioid misuse not accompanied with use disorder was not associated with kratom use.

The epidemics of chronic pain and opioid misuse have given rise to the widespread use of non-opioid drugs such as the gabapentinoids for treatment.

BACKGROUND The national epidemic of opioid misuse has focused attention on postpartum analgesic utilization.

Introduction: Opioid misuse and overprescription have contributed to a national public health crisis in the United States.

BACKGROUND Efforts to reduce the risk of opioid misuse are often focused on reducing unnecessary prescriptions for opioid medications or reducing the dose prescribed; however, not all misuse occurs in individuals with a personal prescription.

Background: Diversion of prescription opioids pills is a significant contributor to opioid misuse and the opioid epidemic.

Opioid misuse and addiction have reached alarming proportions.

Methods: A self-administered questionnaire, the current opioid misuse measure (COMM) was distributed to all patients attending the outpatient service.

CONCLUSION Public health resources can help address medication disposal issues that contribute to environmental contamination, opioid misuse, overdose, and death.

BACKGROUND Opioid misuse (OM) is a major health problem in the United States, and can lead to addiction and fatal overdose.

Opioid misuse leads to high mortality with respiratory depression as the main cause of death.

Historically, physical therapists have not been adequately engaged in efforts to manage persons with co-occurring musculoskeletal pain and opioid misuse or OUD.

Although a number of factors may contribute to opioid misuse, research has yet to examine if the hedonic and calming effects that can potentially accompany the use of opioids contribute to opioid misuse.

The burden of opioid misuse and OUD is a national crisis in the United States with substantial public health, social, and economic implications.

Opioid-specific counseling could minimize the potential for opioid misuse by reducing the number of unused opioid tablets in patients’ possession after surgery.

The development of more effective reversal agents such as those described in this review is an essential component of a tripartite strategy (Volkow and Collins, 2017) to reduce the biopsychosocial impact of opioid misuse in the "synthetic era".

Some authors have emphasized the relevance of assessing the risk of opioid misuse in patients with noncancer chronic pain before initiating treatment.

Health care providers sometimes prescribe opioids to control pain, which may lead to opioid misuse.

Background In response to the opioid crisis, states and health systems are encouraging clinicians to use risk mitigation strategies aimed at assessing a patient’s risk for opioid misuse or abuse: opioid agreements, prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), and urine drug tests (UDT).

Patients were assessed preoperatively for the presence of suspected risk factors for opioid misuse (depression, anxiety, chronic pain, current opioid use, or substance abuse).