Introduction to Open Atmosphere

When a point source detonation occurs, high temperature and pressure gases are released and then propagate through the open atmosphere as a blast wave.

The paper analyzes the technological equipment of the combined process of obtaining multicomponent coatings based on plasma spraying in an open atmosphere.

The films were sintered at 400 °C for 1 h, in an open atmosphere.

In this work, we demonstrate 3D printing of large-scale and oxidation-free components out of Ti6Al4V under open atmosphere conditions with DED by using local gas shielding.

The relative humidity of the fish using open solar drying is higher as compared to solar dryer drying as the drying products are kept in open atmosphere.

The thermal attitude of the ligand was determined in an open atmosphere using TG/DTG.

into the open atmosphere and have a threat to our vegetation, humans life and animals as well.

A democratic and open atmosphere in post-Soviet time had increased faith of true believers, however, is also attracted all kinds of non-traditional religious sects and groups.

Specifically, the work examines the ability of the model to predict temporal variations in the burning rate of open atmosphere pool fires.

It is recommended to establish the employee centered enterprise culture and regulations; foster an open atmosphere which is conducive to communication and innovation; establish a fair and effective incentive distribution system; establish a diversified knowledge sharing effective incentive system and give full play to the role of learning organization.

The one-pot synthesis method for the nanocomposite fabrication is implemented entirely in aqueous solution, room temperature and open atmosphere conditions, favoring scalability and offering a safe and translatable lipid-lowering and antioxidant nanomedicine to treat metabolic comorbidities associated with obesity.

008) was obtained under high normal loads (beyond 15 N) in open atmosphere not only on Si substrate but also on 9Cr18Mo steel substrate, though the roughness of which is 10 times higher than that of the Si substrates.

In open atmosphere (compressed air and inert atmosphere), the mechanism of laser paint removal is laser gasification effect and thermal stress effect.

Synthesis of phase pure Sb2S3 in open atmosphere has been a long-time challenging task due to the oxidation of metal.

2 17 partially sealed conditions, compared to up to 100% of the samples incubated in open atmosphere had detectable levels of aflatoxin B1 after 20 days.

Porous specimens having similar porosity were heat treated in open atmosphere at different heating time (10 h, 20 h and 30 h) to investigate the microstructural evolution, compressive deformation and corrosion behaviour.

The continuously increasing level of water pollution released into the open atmosphere increases the energetic call for attention to industrialists and scientists due to its serious impact on the ecosystem.

The final calcination has been carried out in an open atmosphere and also inside the closed system (autoclave).

This work presents preliminary results regarding improving the mechanical, wear and protective properties (hardness, coefficient of friction, corrosion resistance) of AISI 304 stainless steel surfaces by open atmosphere cold plasma surface treatment method.

Effect of nitrogen plasma composition on structural-phase and elemental composition, topography, mechanical and hydrophobic properties of coatings on the basis of nitrogen-containing titanium oxide during penetration onto sample in open atmosphere is studied.

The experimental thermal behavior was also determined by TG/DTA in an open atmosphere.

This paper demonstrates the influence of pulsed laser-assisted nitriding (in an open atmosphere with N2 gas purging) and pulsed laser processing (without N2 gas purging) of A356 Al alloy on the surface mechanical and fretting wear properties.

Therefore, the use of two-step method is strongly recommended for the development of efficient PSC in open atmosphere without humidity restriction.

As a result of the microstructure tests, while it was observed that Cr23C6 carbides were formed in all of the low-carbon blocks produced in open and vacuum environment, Cr7C3 carbide type was formed in high-carbon blocks in open atmosphere environment, and Co3C carbide in lamellar structure was formed in addition to Cr7C3 carbide in high-carbon blocks in vacuum environment.

The remote detection, identification, and determination of the presence of pollutants in an open atmosphere is one of the most important tasks of infrared (IR) spectroscopy.

Three group of porous Ti4Al4Co samples made of (i) unmilled powder and vacuum sintered (S1), (ii) milled powder and vacuum sintered (S2), and (iii) milled powder sintered in open atmosphere (S3) were prepared.

The PSCs stability is tested under an open atmosphere with humidity >60% and retains 80% photovoltaic performance and stability for 50 days under atmospheric condition.

To take advantage of the creativity-related benefits associated with task conflict, team leaders should develop an open atmosphere that encourages participants' integrating styles, rather than dominating styles.

8) is higher than grade 2, 3 or 4; "Calm and open atmosphere" in discussing the death situation at home (132.

This article presents the implementation of an automatic spray equipment in open atmosphere for the creation of multilayer materials with 2D organic semiconducting materials, suitable to manufacturing Gratzel solar cells devices; uses of spray coating open atmosphere techniques causes different changes in physical and chemical thin film technology (TFT) properties mainly in morphology, mechanical, compositional, magnetic and optical ones, improving at the same time nanoparticle adhesion phenomena.

Tin-plated iron or steel containers are one of the major disposed solid wastes after their utilization to open atmosphere, which leads to create substantial environmental pollution, especially soil and water pollution due to their disposal by landfills methods.

However, oxidation of molten metal droplets in open atmosphere makes the resultant coatings full of pores and oxides and hinders the wide applications of plasma sprayed metallic coatings.

Central to this strategy is the exploitation of palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions to direct combinatorial synthesis of peptide arrays in microtiter plates under an open atmosphere.

Results of the formation of superhard coatings in the low-temperature nitrogen plasma treatment process in the open atmosphere of titanium films on sapphire substrates are given.

The model is tested against large scale open atmosphere hydrogen-air experiment.

(4) Conclusions: We found that in open atmosphere and in aqueous solution, only manganese(III) diethyldithiocarbamate complexes can be prepared.

To avoid a self-centered histoire d’ancien combattant, we shall try to emphasize the context: the contributions of key players within our nascent research group at UNIL and the established group of Tino Gäumann at EPFL, the role of external speakers, and the open atmosphere that was not yet polluted by bibliometrics, obsessive concern with impact factors, and top–down management of research.

The engineering correlations for assessment of hazard distance defined by a size of fireball after either liquid hydrogen spill combustion or high-pressure hydrogen tank rupture in a fire in the open atmosphere (both for stand-alone and under-vehicle tanks) are presented.

The spray images are taken in an open atmosphere and the assessment of the fuel droplets velocity and size is obtained through PIV cross-correlation inside a glass room.

The article presents the research results of the plasma jet multiple reflow effect over the multicomponent coating FeCoCrAlTiCuNiMo, obtained by plasma metallization in an open atmosphere, on its wear resistance under dry sliding friction.

Similarly, the unstable form IV crystals transformed into the stable form III crystals within 1–2 h when exposed to an open atmosphere.

The STEM can operate in an open atmosphere meanwhile that causes different changes in the physical and chemical properties of thin film technology (TFT) mainly in morphology, mechanical, composition, magnetic and optical, improving the nanoparticle adhesion phenomena using different substrates.

The multicomponent reaction manifold is highly tolerant to the structure and composition of the aldehyde (aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatics), and it is instrumentally simple (one batch, open atmospheres), economic (2.

The thermal behavior of this Ni(II) complex was studied in an open atmosphere via TG/DTG.

The laser patterned titanium samples are found to regain the superhydrophobicity by replenishing the carbonaceous layer (denuded in organic solvents) on exposure to an open atmosphere for 14 days.

To avoid a self-centered histoire d’ancien combattant, we shall try to emphasize the context, the contributions of key players within our nascent research group at UNIL and the established group of Tino Gäumann at EPFL, the role of external speakers, and the open atmosphere that was not yet polluted by bibliometrics, obsessive concern with im-pact factors, and top-down management of research.

The unique capability of producing large components in local/open atmosphere using an electric arc as heat source and metal wires as feed stock available in a wide range is making this process more economical and popular for extensive applications.

4 × 10−5 Ω cm) were obtained after RTA treatment in an open atmosphere.

It consists in integrating structurally small and pressurized capillaries into the component, so that when a fatigue crack breaches the capillary network, it results in a leak flow to the open atmosphere and loss of pressure in the galleries which is detected by a pressure sensor.

When the laser processing is carried out in open atmosphere, a thick oxide layer forms on the FLSP surface structures due to the high reactivity of the surface with the environmental constituents immediately after laser processing.

A new and convenient copper-catalysed synthesis of α-ketoamides has been accomplished using readily available cinnamic acids/arylacetic acids and 2° amines in an open atmosphere.

A precise measurement for the aerosol particle size distribution and fog droplet size distribution simultaneously in the open atmosphere is proposed.

TiS2 nanosheets dispersed in CHP and stored at 4 °C in an open atmosphere for 90 days remained up to 95% intact.

Developing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in open atmosphere desperately requires robust hole-transporting material (HTMs) with high hole conductivity and rich hydrophobicity.

Excess columns are independent of boundary layer height, characterize gases in the open atmosphere, are inherently calibrated, average over extended spatial scales, and provide a complementary perspective to quantify and attribute CH4 emissions on regional scales.

Several strategies have been recommended to foster mathematical creativity such as creating an open atmosphere in the classroom, offering open lessons and possibly enriching mathematics education with ideas from other disciplines and experiences from out-of-school contexts.

The casted bricks and pellets are air dried in open atmosphere for 8-10 days.

Furthermore, the carbon dots synthesized are highly inert, and their emission spectra are unaffected on exposure to an open atmosphere for as long as 9 days.

Effects of inert and open atmosphere on mechanical properties are evaluated over a wide range of welding speed and tool rotation speed.

The reaction of a β-amidophosphonate, K2CO3, and an aromatic aldehyde afforded target compounds in moderate to good yields (46-77%), in an open atmosphere by grinding.

Air is often found in these plasmas and it can be either introduced deliberately as a precursor or entrapped in systems that operate in open atmosphere.

cm, even when sintered in an open atmosphere.

This work describes the copper-catalyzed C sp -chalcogen bond formation through cross-coupling reactions of propynylbenzamides and diorganyl dichalcogenides at room temperature, under open atmosphere.

Here, we have developed a simple, room temperature method for the nitration of olefins by using inexpensive sodium nitrite as a source of nitro groups in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) under an open atmosphere.

In the present article, Si refining with CaO-SiO2-CaF2 slags is carried out under open atmosphere, and orthogonal analysis is applied to evaluate the influencing factors.

Four reduction-doping process schemes (open atmosphere, CO, N2 and H2 reducing atmosphere) are investigated here, and it is observed that a CO reducing atmosphere is the most effective agent for Eu reduction.

9% and GCV decreased by up to 55% of original value during 330 days of storage of coal in an open atmosphere.

A diverse range of phenanthridinones were synthesized in good to excellent yields in an open atmosphere with 1 mol % catalyst loading under additive- or oxidant-free condition.

These polymers have been integrated successfully as dopant-free hole-transporting materials in fully open atmosphere solution-processed lead halide perovskite solar cells.

The TGA and DSC examinations also displayed that the thermal dependence of BN in the hexagonal crystal structure was obtained to be stable up to the temperature of 1200 °C in the open atmosphere, and the exothermic peak reaching its top point at 1160 °C took place at a temperature range of 1050–1300 °C.

When any food product is fried in an open atmosphere and at high-temperature condition (160–170 °C), a carcinogenic substance acrylamide is produced.

It was carbonated when it was exposed to open atmosphere.