Introduction to Observational Measures

The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between three observational measures of parenting and two self-report measures.

RESULTS Simple observational measures (time, errors) did not differ between groups.

In this chapter, we outline key considerations regarding instrument selection, application and interpretation, and provide an in-depth list of dyadic observational measures which have been found to have useful clinical applications.

These findings demonstrate that the 7Cs composite is as stable or more stable than value-added and observational measures of teaching effectiveness, which offers additional evidence supporting its use in measuring instructional quality and tracking it over time.

Extant G×E investigations often fail to account for developmental changes in the phenotype or rigorously assess the social environment using observational measures.

Larger effect sizes resulted from observational measures, possibly indicating bias.

BackgroundFathers are increasingly acknowledged as active participants in rearing young children, yet few observational measures recognize gender-differentiated parenting and can be used by practitioners and researchers to assess and improve fathers’ parenting capacity in playful settings, in order to inform program effectiveness.

STUDY SELECTION: Studies had 1 of 2 observational measures of parenting behavior (i.

Quantitative analysis of self-report and observational measures showed a significant improvement in the client's AR across different phases of treatment.

Observational measures of maternal behavior were collected during two mother-child interactions.

This systematic review sought to identify observational measures of parent–child interactions commonly implemented in parenting program research, and to assess the level of psychometric evidence available for their use with this age group.

The use of treatment pressures, for example in the context of intensified observational measures, requires a differentiated ethical evaluation and does not necessarily constitute the milder means in comparison to locked ward doors.

However, the play skills of children with ASD are rarely investigated using observational measures in the context of their everyday peer-to-peer play interactions.

Pain outcomes included the observational measures Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate (PACSLAC), Pain in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD), and Doloplus-2 Scale.

The observational measures combined with competent raters technique indicated abnormal interaction patterns in children with autism during interactive games with NAO robot.

Background: The use of observational measures to assess palliative care patients’ level of consciousness may improve patient care and comfort.

Observational measures provide an indication of the extent to which elements of SDM are present in the observed consultation, but cannot explain why some elements might not be present or scored lower.

Two observational measures (CMAI-O and PAS) were completed by an independent researcher.

Effects were observed for both depressive and aggressive symptoms, and appeared with respect to multiple observational measures of friendship intensity.

The relations between maternal depressive symptoms and both types of RRB were not mediated through observational measures of maternal sensitivity or mind-mindedness at 8 months, or attachment security at 15 months.

To empirically demonstrate the utility of this framework, we compare models derived from EGA+GNM and FA using observational measures of social and arousal behaviour in common marmosets Callithrix jacchus.

The authors of the studies identified the data collected exclusively on self-reports as one of the main limitations, and suggested the use of third-party information and/or observational measures to evaluate direct behavior changes.

For this reason observational measures of motivation, such as rating client change (CT) language during CBT, have been trialled with some success.

MEASUREMENTS Two observational measures (CMAI-O and PAS) were completed by an independent researcher.

Further research with a larger sample size and additional observational measures of behavior is needed to support the replicability and generalizability of these results.

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Although interest in preschool science is growing, there are few observational measures of science teaching capable of advancing research or supporting professional growth among teachers.

Measures included both Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and observational measures.

The relative importance of clinical, behavioral, and observational measures in predicting drug categories responsible for impairment was also examined.

Observational measures of maternal behavior were collected during mother-child interactions.

In addition, few hazard-preparedness interventions have been evaluated longitudinally using observational measures.

Effects were larger when attachment and APs were measured concurrently/closer in time (for secure versus all; disorganized versus organized attachment); for representational versus observational measures of attachment, non-parental reports of APs, and attachment assessed at an older age (for disorganized versus organized attachment); for samples with proportionally fewer boys (secure versus resistant attachment); in recent studies (secure versus avoidant attachment); and when disorganized children were in a high-risk sample or resistant children were in a low-risk condition.

Observational measures-adapted to cultural context-provide an approach to addressing challenges.

With a Design Science Approach (DSA), observational measures for effective profiling of healthcare staffs were developed.

Two discrete observational measures, in addition to teacher self-report, were collected from a sample of 255 teachers in 33 low-income, urban middle schools.

Social functioning was assessed using standardized behavioral tests, caregiver reports, and observational measures of naturalistic social interactions.

There are currently few observational measures validated for use with young children during medical procedures.

The use of treatment pressures, for example in the context of intensified observational measures, requires a differentiated ethical evaluation and does not necessarily constitute the milder means in comparison to locked ward doors.