Introduction to Observational Datasets

The parameterization is based on Saharan dust observational datasets from FENNEC and SAMUM campaigns.

Using eight observational datasets, the performances of two most widely used wave state related parameterizations are examined under various wave conditions.

Offshore operations in the GOM can benefit from an improved reanalysis dataset capable of assimilating existing non-conventional observational datasets.

We utilize a case-study approach focused on southwest Oklahoma where in situ observational datasets allows for quantification of stored soil water, surface water, and groundwater.

Many biomarkers have been suggested using large observational datasets but sample timing is crucial to ensure prognostic relevance.

This study emphasized the need to acquire large experimental and observational datasets to capture the numerous factor combinations impacting current and next-year cranberry yields at local scale.

</p><p>Here we use ensembles of state-of-the-art global climate models (the CESM-large ensemble and CMIP6 models) and observational datasets to demonstrate that anthropogenic aerosols have significant impacts on twentieth-century Sahel rainfall multidecadal variability through modifying NASST.

Within this approach, propensity score matching (PSM) has been empirically proven, with outstanding performances across observational datasets.

Disentangling the impact of management from other variables affecting colony health is complicated by the diversity of practices used and difficulties handling typically complex and incomplete observational datasets.

Datasets from Climatic Research Unit (CRU) and Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) are used as proxy to observational datasets to examine the capability of 15 CMIP6 models’ and their ensemble in simulating rainfall during 1951–2014.

A monthly 2001-2020 burned area product derived from satellite observations is used as target variable, and multiple hydrometeorological and vegetation metrics stemming from the ERA5 reanalysis and observational datasets (e.

Using the current observational datasets like the cosmic microwave background (CMB), baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO), Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) and redshift-space distortions (RSD), we have estimated the mean values of the parameters.

We calculate correlation coefficients between time-series consisting of 10-day averages, non-overlapping, for related surface climate variables from the WRF simulations and observational datasets.

Using several long-term (1979-2018) observational datasets, we compared changes in tropical dry season length (DSL) and timing (dry season arrival, DSA, and dry season end, DSE) among three common metrics used to define the dry season: P < P ̅, P < Ep, and P < E.

Furthermore, the validation is complicated by disagreement between different observational datasets.

Observational datasets are more inclusive but suffer from confounding.

Because of the inherent limitations of observational datasets, the Authors could not demonstrate aerosol-induced surface cooling as the major pathway for the early onset of the wet season.

Because observational datasets like rainfall and streamflow commonly have a non-normal distribution, the method of L-moments was applied to several time series.

Sequential data assimilation offers one possibility for resolving this issue: by running the model over a period for which various observational datasets are available and loading observations into the model at the time they were gathered, the model state can be brought into good agreement with the real glacier state at the end of the observational window.

Yet many gaps remain in our understanding of these acute precipitation events, partly due to the lack of accessible and high quality sub-daily observational datasets available to researchers.

Future research may be able to use this type of analysis for observational datasets and other ESMs to identify apparent relationships between biogeochemical variables (rather than spatiotemporal distributions only) and identify interactions and colimitations without having to perform (or at least performing fewer) growth experiments in a lab.

The results show that the spatial distributions of annual and extreme precipitation are similar for various observational datasets, while there has less agreement in the variance changes of extreme precipitation.

These changes usually improved the model when compared to other modeled and observational datasets, but the magnitude of the improvements varied by region and time of year.

As it may often occur in observational datasets, some values in baseline covariates are missing for some patients.

Meanwhile, multiple global observational datasets of daily precipitation exist, developed using varying techniques and inhomogeneously sampled data in space and time.

Generic Interfaces for NEMO (InterNEMO) allow for 3 main scopes: 1) to access and discover the CMEMS catalogue, including both model and observational data; 2) to manipulate accessed datasets, including coastal ocean data, to extract relevant physical information to use for setting initial/boundary conditions for a new NEMO-based configurations; 3) to prepare NEMO set of upstream files and to validate NEMO solution by using CMEMS observational datasets.

CONCLUSION In observational datasets, we observed a larger survival benefit to CN in patients treated with IO-based regimens versus those treated with TT-based regimens.

In this study, sea surface salinity (SSS) indexes are derived from reanalysis and observational datasets to distinguish the two types of (Central Pacific (CP) and Eastern Pacific (EP)) El Niño events in the tropical Pacific.

However, observational datasets based on satellite products, which are suitable to study upwelling systems, cover short periods of time, which does not allow for a robust estimate of long-term variations (i.

We use 35 high frequency observational datasets, including measurements from the GSSDD (Global Surface Seawater DMS Database), NAAMES (North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystem Study), and SCALE (Southern oCean SeAsonaL Experiment), to assess the variability lengthscale of DMS globally, and in all ocean basins at different stages of the seasonal cycle.

The development of novel climate services is described in the context of new modeling and prediction capability, enhanced understanding of climate variability and change, and improved observational datasets.

Both observational datasets have been compared neither to the most recent reanalyses nor to the downscaled global climate simulation with respect to North Atlantic winter storms before.

Here we show a global statistically significant increase of ocean eddy activity using two independent observational datasets of surface mesoscale eddy variability (one estimates surface currents, and the other is derived from sea surface temperature).

5 scenario simulations of CMIP6 and DAMIP as well as observational datasets.

Since controlled experiments on the climate system are challenging, international collaboration is imperative to gather the appropriate observational datasets.

Many recent studies investigated temporary streams, originating interesting observational datasets about event-based or seasonal network dynamics.

This principle is one of several reasons that risk estimates from large observational datasets often accurately match those from large randomized studies and, in the case of epidemiologic questions, may be more accurate [3, 4].

We use the most recent observational datasets consisting of the 1048 Pantheon Supernovae Ia data points in the redshift range [Formula: see text], the 51 data points of observational Hubble parameter (OHD) measurements in the redshift range [Formula: see text], the Hubble constant [Formula: see text] (R19) and the CMB shift parameter measurements.

The WRF performance was assessed using gridded observational datasets for precipitation and temperature output.

The output of global climate model (GCM) is incredibly useful for the projection of future temperature, but the large bias in the observational datasets may lead to inaccurate projection.

Reanalysis datasets provide better spatial and temporal coverage than observational datasets; therefore, reanalysis datasets are widely used for global and regional studies.

This highlights the risks of using purely correlational evidence from large observational datasets and sounds a cautionary note for psychology's merge with big data.

ERA-5 precipitation is computed from model forecasts and therefore needs validation against observational datasets.

The central goal of this investigation is to research the interacting model and discuss the cosmological implications based on the current observational datasets.

A comparison among two observational datasets and the model output reveal that enhanced SST warming occurred along the Kuroshio and along the coast of China over the continental shelf.

Here we present this new formalism, demonstrate the method on simulations, before applying the developed formalism to two observational datasets of the Abel-520 cluster.

Therefore, the development of ST observational datasets is of great interest to promote analyses regarding the soil thermodynamics and the response to atmospheric warming.

Here, we use a state-of-the-art AR tracking database, and reanalysis and observational datasets to investigate the climatology (1979-2017) and influences of these ARs in snowmelt season (March-April).

These experimental and observational datasets are commonly used in process models in a coupled modeling-experimental (ModEx) approach.

Emulators of climatological performance and feedback parameters were used together with&#160; observational datasets to search for optimal model configurations conditional on different net climate feedbacks.

First, the simulation is evaluated through a basic Eulerian statistical approach via a comparison with selected high spatial and temporal resolution observational datasets.

Here we investigate the causes for the 2019 pIOD by analyzing multiple observational datasets and performing numerical model experiments.

Patient heterogeneity manifests as clinical differences among homogeneous patient subtypes in observational datasets.

We validated the altitudinally-resolved mass balance with the few available observational datasets, then determined each domain&#8217;s equilibrium line altitude, accumulation area ratio, and ablation balance ratio for each period, which identifies the portion of annual ablation that is compensated by accumulation.

We specifically focus on the models&#8217; performance in reproducing drought characteristics (duration, accumulated deficit, intensity, and return period) determined by the theory of runs at seasonal and annual timescales, by comparison with high-density and high-quality ground-based observational datasets.

In addition, more long-term observational datasets are needed to assess whether drivers of seasonal fungal spore emissions are similar across continents and biomes.

Combining with the release of the Sixth International Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), datasets of multiple patterns were compared with observational datasets.

Most regions are experiencing mean temperatures which would have been considered extreme in 1880, while what is currently considered extreme may become normal within 10–20 years, according to statistical analyses of regional observational datasets.

By analyzing observational datasets and performing numerical model experiments, here we show that the Atlantic Niño can be induced by the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD).

We find that at almost all stratospheric levels ML-TOMCAT ozone concentrations are well within uncertainties in the observational datasets.

Lightning is one of the most important atmospheric phenomena and has wide ranging influence on the Earth System, but few long-term observational datasets of lightning occurrence and distribution are currently freely available.

Because there are only few global-covered observational datasets during the pre-satellite era, evaluation of the JRA-3Q is mainly to conduct an intercomparison of other reanalysis datasets such as representation Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), a JRA-55's subset of atmospheric reanalysis assimilating conventional observations only (JRA-55C), and version 3 of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CRv3), and also an intercomparison of JRA-3Q between the pre-satellite and satellite eras.

We expand the related observational datasets by obtaining simultaneous quasi-static electric field observations over coastal land, near-shore water, and deep ocean regions during both fair-weather and thunderstorm periods.

Other factors, such as deficiencies in model parameterizations and possibly biases in the observational datasets, also contribute to SWE discrepancies.

</p><p>In order to validate the dynamical downscaling method, the regionally downscaled (IBI-CCS) and GCM (CNRM-CM6-1-HR) simulations are compared to reanalyses and observational datasets over the 1993-2014 period.

Using two observational datasets, we reveal a remarkable weakening of the seasonal precipitation cycle over this region from 1979 to 2015, with precipitation significantly increased in the boreal winter dry season (~ 0.

Observational uncertainty was assessed by comparing model outputs with multiple observational datasets (rain gauges, CHIRPS, CPC and MSWEP).

The models' present-day precipitation is evaluated relative to Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) observational datasets based on spatial analysis, statistical measures and climate indices at annual, monthly and daily cycles.