Introduction to Nonrandomized Controlled

STUDY DESIGN We conducted a nonrandomized controlled clinical trial of Stoss dosed vitamin D in pediatric patients receiving HSCT.

Methods This nonrandomized controlled trial intervention will provide e-CBT for MDD through the Online Psychotherapy Tool, a secure, cloud-based, digital mental health platform.

Design, Setting, and Participants A multicenter nonrandomized controlled preference trial (TUBA study), with patient recruitment between January 16, 2015, and November 7, 2019, and follow-up at 3 and 12 months after surgery was conducted in all Dutch university hospitals and a few large general hospitals.

A single-blind nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted, recruiting 90 infertile couples who underwent IVF at an infertility center in Tehran, Iran.

Methods MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases (up to May 2020) were searched for randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized controlled studies evaluating HZV in patients with CKD for effectiveness and adverse event risks.

In total, 73 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 10 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, 9 qualitative studies, 2 cohort studies, 2 nonrandomized controlled studies, 2 observational studies, and 1 noncontrolled intervention study were analyzed.

An equal number of the studies were experimental (ie, randomized or nonrandomized controlled trials, or noncontrolled trials) (n = 11) and observational (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional) (n = 11) with the remaining studies being systematic reviews/meta-analyses (n = 8).

DATA SOURCES This nonrandomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in Bone Marrow Transplant Centers of three hospitals with total 32 patients.

Regardless of its design, original clinical studies, such as randomized controlled clinical trials, nonrandomized controlled clinical trials, and before-after studies, will be included to assess the beneficial effects and safety of acupuncture on BPSD.

This cluster nonrandomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of a 2-year community-wide intervention (CWI) on population-level frailty and functional health among older adults.

EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We included 23 studies (11 experimental studies, seven nonrandomized controlled trials [non-RCTs], and five RCTs) in the systematic review and seven in the meta-analysis.

Study Selection Fair- or good-quality, English-language randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of screening with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) compared with no screening, or treatment with vitamin D (with or without calcium) compared with placebo or no treatment conducted in nonpregnant adults; nonrandomized controlled intervention studies for harms only.

METHODS The search strategy was applied to PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, including randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials investigating the effects of AVG programs on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.

RESULTS Sixty-three trials were eligible, including 58 randomized controlled trials and 20 nonrandomized controlled trials (78 ICI arms and 30,815 patients).

Study design This was a nonrandomized controlled study.

We analyzed case reports (COVID-19) and both randomized and nonrandomized controlled clinical trials (telemedicine).

Identified reports were assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for nonrandomized controlled trials.

Finally, we included 11 suitable studies (including a total of 563 patients and 2779 patient cases): 4 systematic reviews or meta-analyses (1 of high quality and 3 of moderate quality), 6 randomized controlled trials (2 of high quality and 4 of moderate quality), and 1 low-quality nonrandomized controlled trial.

Conclusions Nonrandomized controlled trials of clinical decision support systems for acute kidney injury have yielded evidence of improved patient-centered outcomes and care processes.

Study selection was based on predetermined inclusion criteria; only randomized controlled trials, observational studies, nonrandomized controlled trials, and case-control studies conducted in outpatient settings in the United States were included.

METHOD A nonrandomized controlled trial of 160 patients with rectal cancer undergoing colostomy.

METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to September 25, 2020 for randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, and observational studies reporting the effect of β-blockers on the following outcomes after TBI: mortality, functional measures, and cardiopulmonary adverse effects of β-blockers (e.

Methods  This nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted on 70 stroke survivors (intervention group, n = 35, and control group, n = 35).

There were 10 literatures (six literatures of randomized controlled trial studies and four literatures of nonrandomized controlled trial/quasi experimental studies).

Methods This was a two-phase strategy comprising tool establishment with retrospective data and benefit evaluation with a prospective, nonrandomized controlled trial.

Included articles were: cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross–sectional studies, randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials.

We analyzed case reports (COVID-19) and both randomized and nonrandomized controlled clinical trials (telemedicine).

Methods This nonrandomized controlled study used a repeated measurement design.

LIMITATIONS The current evidence is heterogeneous and most studies included in this meta-analysis are nonrandomized controlled trials.

Results Five uncontrolled studies, 1 nonrandomized controlled study, and 1 randomized controlled study were included, with a total of 5 cohorts and 3 cohorts in the ERM group and RD group, respectively.

The application of eligibility criteria resulted in the inclusion of 38 articles, of which 33 were randomized controlled trials and the other five were nonrandomized controlled studies.

Study Selection Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled intervention studies for effectiveness of screening; accuracy studies for screening and confirmatory measurements (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring as the reference standard); RCTs and nonrandomized controlled intervention studies and observational studies for harms of screening and confirmation.

There were two randomized controlled trials and two nonrandomized controlled interventional studies.

Methodology: We conducted the systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included experimental randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, observational studies, and qualitative studies.

Methods Nonrandomized controlled trial.

Methods: It was a prospective interventional nonrandomized controlled study, conducted on 92 participants attending Family Medicine Outpatient Clinics, Cairo University.

OBJECTIVE In orthodontic patients submitted to oral hygiene instruction, what is the efficacy of orthodontic toothbrush (O-TB) versus conventional toothbrush (C-TB) on plaque and gingival index reduction in randomized and nonrandomized controlled clinical trials? METHODS Electronic database search was performed on: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.

Methods This 1-year prospective, nonrandomized controlled study was conducted in a major teaching hospital.

Level of Evidence: Level III—treatment benefits: nonrandomized controlled cohort/follow-up study.

We included randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized controlled trials with advanced cancer patients receiving any type of exercise intervention.

Results Fourteen studies were selected for this systematic review, 10 studies with a randomized controlled trial design, and 4 studies with a nonrandomized controlled trial design.

METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), nonrandomized controlled clinical trials (NRCCTs), prospective and retrospective cohorts were searched for in electronic databases and complemented by hand searching relevant dental journals.

METHOD We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials assessing the impact on recidivism among juveniles aged 12-17.

The research methodologies represented were varied, ranging from randomized (n=1) and nonrandomized controlled trials (n=1) and prospective cohort studies (n=1) to mixed methods studies (n=1) and longitudinal surveys (n=3).

Methods A nonrandomized controlled trial design will be used for comparing 2 groups: preconception care with a standard maternal health care (MHC) program and an integrated MHC program (without preconception care).

STUDY DESIGN  This was a secondary analysis of a nonrandomized controlled trial comprised of postpartum women with diagnosed hypertensive-related disorders in pregnancy who received a tablet device linked to Bluetooth-enabled equipment including a scale and blood pressure cuff.

According to the criteria of the literature screen, the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled trials (non-RCTs) of recombinant human endostatin combined with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in the treatment of SqCLC were included.

Methods This is a mixed methods study including a nonrandomized controlled trial and qualitative interviews conducted in rural Tanzania.

DESIGN A nonrandomized controlled study was carried out from August 2019 to November 2020.

Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, case series, qualitative and mixed-methods studies objectively assessing compliance levels were included in the study.

OBJECTIVE The present nonrandomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a tailored text message intervention for increasing adolescent physical activity, as compared with passive monitoring.

METHODS This study will adopt a hybrid effectiveness-implementation design to conduct a mixed methods evaluation with six objectives: a molecular marker study, a nonrandomized controlled trial, an analysis of reported malaria morbidity indicators, a documentation exercise of the contextual SMC adaptation, an acceptability and feasibility assessment, and a coverage and quality assessment.

The risk of bias was analyzed by means of the tool Cochrane risk of bias in nonrandomized controlled trials (NRCTs) of interventions (ROBINS-I).

We searched for random or nonrandomized controlled study of MIS group and OPEN surgery group for the treatment of childhood NB included in PubMed, ClinicalTrials, EMBASE, and Cochrane library before January 31, 2020.

This nonrandomized controlled trial enrolled all patients with confirmed diagnoses of high- and intermediate-high-risk PE from October 2019 till January 2021.

Methods: This is a prospective nonrandomized controlled study.

METHODS We systematically searched the literature of EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled trials (nRCTs) comparing ORS with RRS.

We selected randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials and cohorts from prospective studies that reported the influence of BS on HRV.

Interventions: Titles and abstracts were screened to identify potentially relevant articles with priority given to meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled studies, nonrandomized controlled studies, reviews, and case series.

Design, Setting, and Participants This nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted in 2 centers in Australia and New Zealand from April 2018 to July 2019.

Methods: This nonrandomized controlled trial with a historical control, conducted at 4 US hospitals from 2015 to 2019, included 1064 patients with AMI (DHI n=200, control n=864).

This nonrandomized controlled trial evaluates the resection rate, responses, survival, adverse events, and surgical outcomes associated with a drug regimen for locally advanced gastric cancer.

A total of 7 eligible studies (3 recent randomized controlled trials and 4 nonrandomized controlled trials) were included in this meta-analysis.

FindingsThe randomized controlled studies are six studies and nonrandomized controlled experimental 1 study were added to the scope of the study and seven studies were included in the sample.

Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, as well as before-and-after studies, were included.

METHODS From April 2019 to August 2020, we conducted a prospective nonrandomized controlled trial and consecutively included 103 MDR-TB patients diagnosed with pulmonary MDR-TB in Shenzhen, China.

Randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, and controlled pre–post studies will be included.

This pilot nonrandomized controlled trial examined DBT with and without DBT PE in four public mental health agencies.

Methods: Nonrandomized controlled study was conducted in a tertiary care center for SCI patients.

A 6-month nonrandomized controlled trial of an FVRx program was pilot tested with 54 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-eligible adults with diet-related chronic conditions.

Both randomized and nonrandomized controlled studies were included.

Study Selection Randomized clinical trials and nonrandomized controlled intervention studies focused on diet, exercise, and/or behavioral counseling interventions on GWG.

This nonrandomized controlled trial compares the effectiveness of elastomeric half-mask respirators with that of N95 filtering facepiece respirators during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Key Points Question Is receiving publicly reported negative feedback regarding EHR medication safety associated with hospitals improving their performance in the next year? Findings In this nonrandomized controlled trial using national data from 1183 hospitals, hospitals that received negative publicly reported feedback improved a statistically significant 8.

Design, Setting, and Participants In this single-arm, single-center, phase 2 nonrandomized controlled trial, responses were evaluated at every cycle during KRd treatment and every 3 cycles subsequently.

We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled trials (non-RCTs) to compare TMX with other regimens for endometrium preparation in women with thin endometrium undergoing FET.

Methods This was a prospective nonrandomized controlled study.

DESIGN: Pragmatic, pre-post, nonrandomized controlled trial with patients electing enrollment into one of the two recovery pathways.

Key Points Question Is the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–guided biopsy comparable with reference-standard surgical resection for diagnosing pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer? Findings In this pilot nonrandomized controlled trial of 20 patients with evaluable data, the accuracy of MRI-guided biopsy for diagnosing pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 95% and the negative predictive value was 92.

Inclusion criteria were 1) studies with at least 1 pediatric patient (age < 19 years) who underwent DBS and/or RNS for DRE; and 2) retrospective, prospective, randomized, or nonrandomized controlled studies, case series, and case reports.