Introduction to Monoclonal Antibody

e21072 Background: Penpulimab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against human programmed cell death-1 (PD-1).

We investigated the efficacy and safety of combined lenvatinib and toripalimab (recombinant, humanized programmed cell death receptor-1 monoclonal antibody) plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) as a first-line treatment in this patient population.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Erenumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the receptor of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), is the first disease-specific and mechanism-based treatment approved for the prevention of migraine.

Results from the open-label extension of the phase 3b CONQUER trial are presented to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of galcanezumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide, for up to 6 months in patients with multiple prior migraine preventive treatment failures.

8006Background: Elranatamab (PF-06863135) is a humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody (IgG2a) that targets BCMA, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily expressed in MM, and CD.

ABSTRACT Golimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor (TNF) approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and not for Crohn disease (CD).

This scenario has recently been revolutionized by the emergence and FDA approval of a multiplicity of novel anti-HER2 agents, including the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan [1], the tyrosine-kinase inhibitors tucatinib [2] and neratinib [3], and the FC-engineered monoclonal antibody margetuximab [4].

Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate of trastuzumab [a monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)] and DM1 (an inhibitor of tubulin polymerisation).

Over 15 years of investigation led to the identification of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a main pathogenic factor in diabetic retinopathy and to the introduction of highly effective anti-VEGF-based therapies, such as the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab or its fragment ranibizumab, which helped to prevent diabetes-related blindness in millions of patients.

BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that has been used as a systemic chemotherapy treatment of various malignancies in adults since 2000.

Background: The approved doses of the single agent nivolumab – an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody – for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are 3 mg/kg and a 240-mg flat dose, despite efficacy shown at lower doses in earlier CheckMate trials.

Zimberelimab (誉妥®) is an anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody being developed by Gloria Biosciences, Arcus Biosciences and Taiho Pharmaceutical Co.

Herein, we demonstrate noninvasive SWIR fluorescence imaging of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive breast tumors using π-conjugation extended ICG and monoclonal antibody conjugates.

The interaction of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) and heregulin (HRG) is involved in resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted cancer treatment, such as therapies using anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody.

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have dramatically impacted oncology this past decade.

We review the current clinical development from the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody to CAR-T cells, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies with off-tumor effects on the brain microenvironment.

Tocilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the interleukin-6 receptor that has been proposed as a therapy for patients with severe coronavirus-19 pneumonia.

Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor with established benefits in TA (2).

Pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed death-1 specific monoclonal antibody is a second-line treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Here, we outline ongoing trials and review the rationale and evidence for the combination of avelumab, an anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody (mAb), with cetuximab, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) IgG1 mAb.

Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between the monoclonal antibody infusion, bamlanivimab, and a reduction in 30-day hospitalization and mortality rates in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a rural community setting with various comorbidities.

Current therapies used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include monoclonal antibody cocktail, convalescent plasma, antivirals, immunomodulators, and anticoagulants.

The 1212C2 fully human monoclonal antibody was derived from an IgM memory B cell of a COVID-19 patient, has high affinity for the Spike protein Receptor Binding Domain, neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and exhibits in vivo prophylactic and therapeutic activity in hamsters when delivered intraperitoneally, reducing upper and lower respiratory viral burden and lung pathology.

351 variant carrying the escape mutation E484K in the receptor binding domain (RBD) is of particular concern, with widespread escape from monoclonal antibody neutralization and a limited protection of patients having received the first dose of the BNT162b vaccine.

This study looked at whether epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition by the monoclonal antibody panitumumab could increase the efficacy of standard chemotherapy in advanced urothelial cancer.

Amivantamab (amivantamab-vmjw; Rybrevant™), a bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (MET), is being developed by Janssen Biotech for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

TQB2450 is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody against programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).

Introduction IMC-001 is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to human PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1).

Background Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Ocrelizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets CD20+ B-cells, profoundly suppresses acute inflammatory disease activity, representing a highly effective therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

A absorbance ACES 2-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino] ethanesulfonic acid ACN acetonitrile amu atomic mass unit ANOVA analysis of variance APCI atmospheric pressure chemical ionization API atmospheric pressure ionization AUC area under curve BCIP 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate Bis N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide bp base pairs BSA bovine serum albumin %C cross-linking agent (g/100mL)/%T CAPS 3-(cyclohexylamino)-1propanesulfonic acid CBB Coomassie Brilliant Blue CCD charge-coupled device CE capillary electrophoresis CEC capillary electrochromatography CFE continuous flow electrophoresis CHAPS 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylamonio]-1propanesulfonate CHCA α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid CHES 2-(N-cyclohexylamino)ethane sulfonic acid CID collision-induced dissociation CIEF capillary isoelectric focusing CMC critical micelle concentration Con A Concanavalin A CNS central nervous system cpm counts per minute CTAB cetyltrimethylammonium bromide CTL cytotoxic T lymphocyte CV coefficient of variation CZE capillary zone electrophoresis 1D one-dimensional 2D two-dimensional Da dalton (molecular mass) DAPI 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole 2DE two-dimensional gel electrophoresis DIGE fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis DGGE denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis DHB dihydroxybenzoic acid DMEM Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium DMF N,N-dimethylformamide DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide DTT dithiothreitol ECD electron capture dissociation ECL enhanced chemiluminescence EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EEO electroendosmosis EGTA ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethylether)N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid EKC electrokinetic chromatography ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EOF electroosmotic flow ER endoplasmic reticulum ESI electrospray ionization EST expressed sequence tag eV electron volt FAB fast atomic bombardment FACS fluorescence-activated cell sorting FBS fetal bovine serum FCS fetal calf serum FDR false discovery rate FIGE field inversion gel electrophoresis FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer FT-ICR Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance GC gas chromatography GIF graphic interchange format GO GeneOntology GRAVY grand average of hydrophobicity GSH glutathione GST glutathione-S-transferase H&E hematoxylin and eosin HEPES N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-2’-(2ethanesulfonic acid) HPCE high-performance capillary electrophoresis HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography HRP horseradish peroxidase HSA human serum albumin HSP heat shock protein HTML hypertext mark-up language HUPO Human ProteomeOrganisation ICAT isotope-coded affinity tag ICP inductively coupled plasma ICR ion cyclotron resonance id inside diameter IEF isoelectric focusing Ig immunoglobulin IMAC immobilizedmetal affinity chromatography IP immunoprecipitation IPG immobilized pH gradient IPI international protein index IPTG isopropyl-b-Dthiogalactopyranoside IRB institutional review board ITMS ion trapmass spectrometry iTRAQ isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation kbp kilobase pairs kDa kilodalton (molecular mass) LC liquid chromatography LED light-emitting diode LOD limit of detection LOQ limit of quantitation mAb monoclonal antibody MACS magnetic-activated cell separation MALDI-MS matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry Mbp megabase pairs MES 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid MHC major histocompatibility complex MOPS 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid Mr relative molecular mass (dimensionless) MRM multiple-reactionmonitoring MS mass spectrometry MS/MS tandemmass spectrometry MudPIT multidimensional protein identification technology m/z mass-to-charge ratio NBT nitroblue tetrazolium ncRNA noncoding RNA NEPHGE nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis NIH National Institutes of Health NMR nuclear magnetic resonance NP-40 Nonidet P-40 od outside diameter OD optical density ORF open reading frame PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis PBMC peripheral bloodmononuclear cell PBS phosphate-buffered saline PCA principal components analysis PCR polymerase chain reaction PEG polyethylene glycol PFU plaque-forming units pI isoelectric point PMF peptidemass fingerprinting PMSF phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride PMT photomultiplier tube PRIDE PRoteomics IDEntifications database PRM parallel reactionmonitoring PSD post-source decay PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene PTM post-translational modification PVA polyvinyl alcohol PVDF polyvinylidene difluoride PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone RIA radioimmunoassay RNA-Seq next generation RNA sequencing Q-TOF quadrupole time-of-flight ROC receiver operating characteristic ROS reactive oxygen species RP reversed phase rpm revolutions per minute RT-PCR reverse transcriptase-PCR SCX strong cation exchange SD standard deviation SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate SEC size-exclusion chromatography SELDI surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization SEM standard error of themean SILAC stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture SIM selected ionmonitoring S/N signal-to-noise ratio SPE solid-phase extraction SPR surface plasmon resonance SSCP single-strand conformation polymorphism ssDNA single-stranded DNA SRM selected-reactionmonitoring %T total gel concentration (acrylamide plus cross-linking agent; g/100mL) TBS Tris-buffered saline TEMED N,N,N’,N’tetramethylethylenediamine TFA trifluoroacetic acid THF tetrahydrofuran TIC total ion current TLC thin-layer chromatography TOF time of flight Tris tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane URL uniform resource locator.

A absorbance ACES 2-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino] ethanesulfonic acid ACN acetonitrile amu atomic mass unit ANOVA analysis of variance APCI atmospheric pressure chemical ionization API atmospheric pressure ionization AUC area under curve BCIP 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate Bis N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide bp base pairs BSA bovine serum albumin %C cross-linking agent (g/100mL)/%T CAPS 3-(cyclohexylamino)-1propanesulfonic acid CBB Coomassie Brilliant Blue CCD charge-coupled device CE capillary electrophoresis CEC capillary electrochromatography CFE continuous flow electrophoresis CHAPS 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylamonio]-1propanesulfonate CHCA α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid CHES 2-(N-cyclohexylamino)ethane sulfonic acid CID collision-induced dissociation CIEF capillary isoelectric focusing CMC critical micelle concentration Con A Concanavalin A CNS central nervous system cpm counts per minute CTAB cetyltrimethylammonium bromide CTL cytotoxic T lymphocyte CV coefficient of variation CZE capillary zone electrophoresis 1D one-dimensional 2D two-dimensional Da dalton (molecular mass) DAPI 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole 2DE two-dimensional gel electrophoresis DIGE fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis DGGE denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis DHB dihydroxybenzoic acid DMEM Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium DMF N,N-dimethylformamide DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide DTT dithiothreitol ECD electron capture dissociation ECL enhanced chemiluminescence EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EEO electroendosmosis EGTA ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethylether)N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid EKC electrokinetic chromatography ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EOF electroosmotic flow ER endoplasmic reticulum ESI electrospray ionization EST expressed sequence tag eV electron volt FAB fast atomic bombardment FACS fluorescence-activated cell sorting FBS fetal bovine serum FCS fetal calf serum FDR false discovery rate FIGE field inversion gel electrophoresis FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer FT-ICR Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance GC gas chromatography GIF graphic interchange format GO GeneOntology GRAVY grand average of hydrophobicity GSH glutathione GST glutathione-S-transferase H&E hematoxylin and eosin HEPES N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-2’-(2ethanesulfonic acid) HPCE high-performance capillary electrophoresis HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography HRP horseradish peroxidase HSA human serum albumin HSP heat shock protein HTML hypertext mark-up language HUPO Human ProteomeOrganisation ICAT isotope-coded affinity tag ICP inductively coupled plasma ICR ion cyclotron resonance id inside diameter IEF isoelectric focusing Ig immunoglobulin IMAC immobilizedmetal affinity chromatography IP immunoprecipitation IPG immobilized pH gradient IPI international protein index IPTG isopropyl-b-Dthiogalactopyranoside IRB institutional review board ITMS ion trapmass spectrometry iTRAQ isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation kbp kilobase pairs kDa kilodalton (molecular mass) LC liquid chromatography LED light-emitting diode LOD limit of detection LOQ limit of quantitation mAb monoclonal antibody MACS magnetic-activated cell separation MALDI-MS matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry Mbp megabase pairs MES 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid MHC major histocompatibility complex MOPS 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid Mr relative molecular mass (dimensionless) MRM multiple-reactionmonitoring MS mass spectrometry MS/MS tandemmass spectrometry MudPIT multidimensional protein identification technology m/z mass-to-charge ratio NBT nitroblue tetrazolium ncRNA noncoding RNA NEPHGE nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis NIH National Institutes of Health NMR nuclear magnetic resonance NP-40 Nonidet P-40 od outside diameter OD optical density ORF open reading frame PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis PBMC peripheral bloodmononuclear cell PBS phosphate-buffered saline PCA principal components analysis PCR polymerase chain reaction PEG polyethylene glycol PFU plaque-forming units pI isoelectric point PMF peptidemass fingerprinting PMSF phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride PMT photomultiplier tube PRIDE PRoteomics IDEntifications database PRM parallel reactionmonitoring PSD post-source decay PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene PTM post-translational modification PVA polyvinyl alcohol PVDF polyvinylidene difluoride PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone RIA radioimmunoassay RNA-Seq next generation RNA sequencing Q-TOF quadrupole time-of-flight ROC receiver operating characteristic ROS reactive oxygen species RP reversed phase rpm revolutions per minute RT-PCR reverse transcriptase-PCR SCX strong cation exchange SD standard deviation SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate SEC size-exclusion chromatography SELDI surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization SEM standard error of themean SILAC stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture SIM selected ionmonitoring S/N signal-to-noise ratio SPE solid-phase extraction SPR surface plasmon resonance SSCP single-strand conformation polymorphism ssDNA single-stranded DNA SRM selected-reactionmonitoring %T total gel concentration (acrylamide plus cross-linking agent; g/100mL) TBS Tris-buffered saline TEMED N,N,N’,N’tetramethylethylenediamine TFA trifluoroacetic acid THF tetrahydrofuran TIC total ion current TLC thin-layer chromatography TOF time of flight Tris tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane URL uniform resource locator.

Dostarlimab (Jemperli™; GlaxoSmithKline) is a humanized monoclonal antibody programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor antagonist being developed for the treatment of various cancers.

Blocking the immune checkpoints interaction between programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) via naturalizing PD-1 or PD-L1 monoclonal antibody is proved to be a effective therapeutic method for drive gene negative LUAD.

Cynomolgus monkeys received a single IVT injection of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv, brolucizumab), antigen-binding fragment (Fab, ranibizumab), fragment crystallizable-fusion protein (Fc-fusion, aflibercept), or immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibody (IgG, VA2 CrossMAb).

We designed an immunotoxin in which a single-chain variable region fragment of the EBOV glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibody 6D8 was fused to the effector domains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PE38).

Vedolizumab is a novel monoclonal antibody used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, often affecting women of child‐bearing age.

Vedolizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

This report describes the development of a sensitive and broadly specific indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) and a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip (GNP-ICS) assay for the detection of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), using an anti-B[a]P monoclonal antibody (mAb).

In this study, a broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) has been developed for rapidly screening of androgens in various animal tissues.

Recently, teprotumumab, a human monoclonal antibody inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), has been shown to reduce proptosis in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

Teprotumumab, sold under the brand name Tepezza (Horizon Therapeutics, Dublin, IRL), is a human monoclonal antibody and targeted inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1 R).

Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody against HER2 that prevents HER2-mediated signaling; it is administered mainly in HER2-positive cancers, such as breast, colorectal, biliary tract, and non-small-cell lung cancers.

Here, spray drying was used to manufacture a dry powder pulmonary formulation of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody approved to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by intravenous infusion.

Proof of concept is demonstrated with pertuzumab, a US-FDA-approved monoclonal antibody for combination therapies of HER2-positive breast cancer.

Introduction: Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the HER-2 receptor that has led, in an adjuvant setting, to higher disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in HER-2 positive breast cancer (BC) compared with chemotherapy alone.

2 is resistant against bamlanivimab, a monoclonal antibody with emergency use authorization for COVID-19 therapy.

Background Recombinant, monoclonal antibody therapies have been utilized under emergency use authorization (EUA) for the prevention of clinical decompensation in high-risk COVID-19 positive patients for up to 10 days from symptom onset.

CTCL: cutaneous T-cell lymphoma IL: interleukin INTRODUCTION Recent advances in the treatment of moderate-tosevere atopic dermatitis have led to increased use of dupilumab, which is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the interleukin (IL) 4-receptor-alpha subunit.

Dupilumab, a novel anti-IL-4 receptor alpha monoclonal antibody, the first biologic agent approved for atopic dermatitis, was the drug of choice in this case.

gov number, NCT02283775) evaluated safety and efficacy of a fixed-volume infusion of isatuximab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Pd) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients.

Background The anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab is approved as a single agent for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who received at least three prior lines of therapy, including proteasome inhibitor and immunomodulatory agent.

Objectives We aimed to compare the economic value of chemotherapy plus anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) against chemotherapy with bevacizumab (Bev, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor mAb) as first-line treatment in KRAS wild-type (WT), pan-RAS WT and pan-RAS WT left-sided metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients from the Hong Kong societal perspective.

KRAS G12A somatic point mutation in adenocarcinomas is categorized clinically as ineligibility criteria for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody therapies.

HR-NBL treatment includes induction chemotherapy, surgery, consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue, radiotherapy on the site of the primary tumour and a maintenance phase with 13-cisretinoic acid and immunotherapy with an anti-disialoganglioside-2 monoclonal antibody [1].

Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), monoclonal antibody drugs (MoAbs), and autologous grafts for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) can improve the immunological microenvironment.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ixekizumab (IXE), a high affinity humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets interleukin-17A, is approved in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) for pediatric patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.

Secukinumab (Cosentyx®) is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively targets interleukin (IL)-17A, a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Next, the recent clinical advances regarding the anti-VEGF medications, including humanized monoclonal antibody, immunosuppressant, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and a cytokine inhibitor, have been addressed in the setting of COVID-19 treatment in critically ill patients.

These therapies include Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, used as monotherapy, and the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax, typically combined with the CD20 monoclonal antibody.

The genuine 4-HNE-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (HNE-ELISA), based on monoclonal antibody specific for HNE-histidine (HNE-His) adducts, was used to determine plasma HNE-protein conjugates.

The aim of this study was to produce and characterize p54 monoclonal antibodies with an ultimate goal of developing a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for ASFV antibody detection.

Cemiplimab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor, demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with advanced malignancies and a safety profile comparable to other anti–PD-1 therapies.

Introduction: Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), is approved as a therapy for unresectable or metastatic melanoma.

Most regimens utilize rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, which may affect the clinical course of novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].

Bamlanivimab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is available for ambulatory treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Results: The anti-MICA and MICB antibody MICAB1, a human IgG1 Fc-engineered monoclonal antibody (mAb), displayed potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of MICA/B-expressing tumor cells in vitro.

Background: Tafasitamab is a humanized, Fcmodified anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody that enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis.

Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, key drivers of type 2-mediated inflammation.

Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation.

Here, we report the results of the phase 1 study of KHK4083, a fully human antimonoclonal antibody specific for OX40.

Background We report a Phase 1 study of LY3076226, an antibody–drug conjugate composed of human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against the human FGFR3 attached with a cleavable linker to the maytansine derivative DM4 in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer.

ABSTRACT Fc galactosylation is a critical quality attribute for anti-tumor recombinant immunoglobulin G (IgG)-based monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics with complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) as the mechanism of action.

Excipient concentrations are critical quality attributes of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug products and affect their safety and efficacy.

Belimumab (BLM), a recombinant human monoclonal antibody directed against B-cell activating factor (BAFF), is the first approved biological agent for patients with active severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN).

Belimumab (BLM), a recombinant human IgG-1λ monoclonal antibody directed against B-cell activating factor (BAFF), is the first approved biological agent for patients with active severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN).

We report the monotherapy dose-escalation portion of a multicenter, phase I trial (NCT02315066) of ivuxolimab (PF-04518600), a fully human immunoglobulin G2 agonistic monoclonal antibody specific for human OX40.

BACKGROUND Tralokinumab, a fully human immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the interleukin-13 cytokine with high affinity, effectively reduces moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis when given every 2 weeks.

Denosumab is a fully monoclonal antibody against the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and prevents skeletal-related events by bone metastasis.

Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand).

Single and combination monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics have received emergency use authorization 1,2 , with more in the pipeline 3-6.

Background Neutralizing monoclonal antibody (NmAb) treatments have received emergency use authorization to treat patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 infection.

However, the relevant results showed that the combination of PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and EC regimen chemotherapy as first-line treatment of small cell lung cancer have a median PFS (progession-free survival) of about 5 months, which is comparable to that of simple chemotherapy.

Her2 status remains an essential biomarker for guiding the trastuzumab (Herceptin) therapy, a monoclonal antibody approved for the first-line treatment of late-stage Her2-positive GC.

Severe eosinophilic asthma poses a serious health and economic problem, so new therapy approaches have been developed to control it, including biological drugs such as benralizumab, which is a monoclonal antibody that binds to IL-5 receptor alpha subunit and depletes peripheral blood eosinophils rapidly.

Background: Monoclonal antibody therapy is currently an additional treatment option to reduce exacerbations and improve symptom control in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) that is uncontrolled despite treatment with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-2 agonists.

Adding trastuzumab (a monoclonal antibody-targeting HER2) to chemotherapy can greatly improve the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with HER2 cancers.

In the Phase III ICARIA-MM study (NCT02990338), the addition of the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody isatuximab to pomalidomide and dexamethasone led to increased progression-free survival and improved response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

Antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab (Bev), a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is a common treatment for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM), but its survival benefit is limited.

Thus, we decided to propose to the patient the use of bevacizumab (BEV), a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): the patient experienced 1-year stable disease, with early clinical improvement.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ixekizumab (IXE), a monoclonal antibody selectively targeting interleukin-17A, in patients with inadequate response to one or two TNF inhibitors (TNFi).

Ixekizumab, a monoclonal antibody selectively targeting interleukin-17A, has shown efficacy in treating the signs and symptoms of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.

Burosumab is the fully human monoclonal antibody against the phosphatonin fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23).

4010Background: Bema is a first-in-class humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody selective for fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (FGFR2b).

From a hybridoma library developed against cancer cells, we selected the mouse monoclonal antibody 33B7, which was able to bind to, and internalize, cancer cell lines.

METHODS The membrane fraction of the ERα+ noninvasive breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 was extracted and followed by co-immunoprecipitation of EpCAM using C-10, a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against amino acids 24-93 of the EpCAM molecule.

1 It is a bispecific humanized monoclonal antibody that bridges activated factor (F) IX and FX and improves haemostasis through replacing the missing function of activated FVIII.

BACKGROUND Emicizumab is a humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody that bridges activated factor IX (FIXa) and factor X (FX) to mimic the function of factor VIII (FVIII).

Tanezumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically blocks nerve growth factor, which plays a key role in the development of chronic pain.

Frunevetmab is a felinized monoclonal antibody that binds to nerve growth factor (NGF) and provides relief from pain by blocking the receptor-mediated signaling cascade induced by NGF.