Introduction to Lower Lake

The lakes size, particularly the Lower Lake, is in continuous reduction, and the vegetation productivity pattern is changing as result of deteriorating water and soil quality, domestic and industrial activities.

Diatom assemblages during the late Glacial are representative of shallow water or marsh-type environments, indicating lower lake levels in the lake margin.

The two shallower lakes closer to the ocean were oxygen deficient, whereas the two deeper, more distant lakes were more oxygenated.

Depositional stage III (U11-U8, ~114-97 ka) represents the development of a relatively flat lake floor under a significantly lower lake level, with evidence for strong sediment focusing implying accelerated sediment accumulation in central bottom areas.

The spatial distribution of pollutants indicated that higher concentrations occur in the upper lake area compared to the middle and lower lake areas because of Jiang Dam.

Our assessment of the PCB decline rates required to comply with TDI thresholds over the next twenty years suggest that a small degree of reduction is needed for Walleye (Sander vitreus) across all sampled sites, whereas much faster decay rates are needed for Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush), especially in lower Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.

pagei and the rocks it is preserved in indicate shallower lake conditions, while shifts to H.

It is divided into the upper lake and the lower lake by a dam.

And the concentration of the Weishan Lake in the lower Lake area is higher than that of the other lake areas.

The Lower Lakes and Coorong system lies at the terminus of the River Murray and are an icon of the Australian landscape.

Surface heatwaves are longer-lasting but less intense in deeper lakes (up to 60 metres deep) than in shallower lakes during both historic and future periods.

Here, we use historic (1911) and contemporary (2017) data on the presence–absence of 42 plant species in 14 seemingly intact Molinia meadows around Lower Lake Constance to quantify changes in occurrence frequency.

Lower lake levels in a relatively humid climate background indicated by higher aquatic pollen (Typha and Sparganium) after c.

13 in the lower lake) and July (Fmax=1.

Analysis of phototrophic communities from fossil pigments and diatom valves suggested relatively eutrophic conditions with lower lake-levels during this interval.

For total phosphorus and total nitrogen, parameters related to the benthic-pelagic coupling and phytoplankton, were particularly important for the shallower lakes, whereas the most important parameters for total nitrogen were related mainly to the benthic-pelagic coupling in the deepest lake.

Results allow us to interpret the environmental and evolutionary dynamics of Lake Visovac in the following way: lake level more than 20 m higher than today in mid-Pleistocene with significantly larger lake volume in Lake Visovac, with active Kalički kuk and Skradinski buk waterfalls; lower lake-level at the beginning of the Holocene when several small lakes existed in isolated basins in the area of Lake Visovac.

This study investigates the sensitivity of stable Sr isotope tracer (δ88/86Sr) with respect to carbonate saturation and salinity of local waters in the Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth (CLLMM) estuary in South Australia.

In shallower lakes, diatom assemblages transitioned gradually over time into their current novel composition.

Since 2008, water level differences between Upper and Lower Lake Constance have increased after they decreased significantly in the 20th century.

Further, sapropelic units derived from the accumulation of freshwater algae (including the described Coorongite1) that underly siliciclastic mud deposits in the Lower Lakes region were likely deposited in freshwater lakes not connected to the primary fluvio-estuarine system during the mid-Holocene7 and therefore cannot be used to assert freshwater conditions in the estuary1.

8500 to 5000 cal yr BP) a large estuary occupied the lower River Murray and its terminal lakes (Lakes Alexandrina and Albert: herein the Lower Lakes) in South Australia.

A set of lipid biomarker indices, namely β-carotane/n-C36, gammacerane index, terrigenous/aquatic ratio and long-chain saturated ketone content, altogether indicate substantial lake level fluctuations, with lower lake level at the intervals of ~18–17 Ma, 13.

Mass-balance could be achieved up to 94% for conservative elements (Cl, Na), while our dynamic models reveal significantly different source/sink behavior across the upper and lower lakes for more reactive elements.

Lake-level rises result in lower dOdiatom values, whereas lower lake levels cause higher dOdiatom values.

4 cal ka BP), while the crenarchaeol'/crenarchaeol ratio suggests relatively lower lake-level between 15.

Despite past evidence of hazardous events, (1) the intensive well pumping from the Albano aquifer might lower lake level, and hence decrease the CO 2 saturation pressure threshold, and (2) the absence of cold winters, hence avoiding yearly lake roll-over favoring CO 2 accumulation at bottom layers, are modern factors that rise the need to revise hazard assessment and future monitoring strategies.

Results demonstrate that, in 2009 and in 2011-2015, the upper lake of Nansi Lake exhibited moderate eutrophication while the lower lake exhibited mild eutrophication.

ABSTRACT In 2015, the Ngarrindjeri Nation in concert with the South Australian government won the Australian Riverprize for best practice in water management, after leading the development of a co-management approach to the Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth (CLLMM) region during the Australian Millennium drought crisis.

The instrumentalisation of forests as an operational and defensive stronghold by the insurgents in the lower Lake Chad Basin has been enabled by the existence of large expanses of dispersed, uninhabited and un-policed forested spheres in the area.

To assess the impacts of a realistic thermal use, we model the temperature effects in two lakes: Upper Lake Constance, a large lake with relatively low population density, and Lower Lake Zurich, a smaller lake with high regional demand.

, June Lake has experienced stronger water column stratification and an expansion of the available benthic diatom habitat, indicating significantly warmer winters and lower lake levels.

The onset of a drier, more variable hydroclimate from the mid-to late Holocene drove lower lake levels and a shift to the dominant planktonic diatom species, Discostella stelligera, the result of the unusual bathymetry of Lake Vera where planktonic diatoms increase with lower lake levels.

barbatus produces more numerous gyrogonites compared to shallower lake areas.

The lowest δ18O values of the Holocene occur in sediment from ∼5000 yr BP, indicating high lake levels at this time, after which a secular trend toward higher δ18O values and lower lake levels occurred.

Mean bottom temperatures were projected to increase in all lakes, with steeper trends in winter and in shallower lakes.

This technology involves the use of wind energy for oxygen saturation in the lower lake area.

Stratified surface communities differed between the colder, less productive upper lakes (Superior, Michigan, Huron) and warmer, more productive lower lakes (Erie, Ontario), in part due to an Actinobacteria oligotype (acI‐C2) that averaged 7.

Alternatively, better connectivity at lower lake levels may be achieved by engineered modification of landscape patterns.

Results highlighted that high-relief rockfall events were intensively located at K50 to K55 (Guanmenzi to Ganheba) and K70 to K72 (Jiudaoguai to Shangsizhai Village) road mileages along S301 highway and KZ18 to KZ22 (Five Flower Lake to Arrow Bamboo Lake) road mileages, KZ30 (Swan Lake to Virgin Forests), and KY10.

Form IAB autotrophic abundance in waters gradually decreased, while the form IC exhibited a substantial increase in the upper lake waters, and ID exhibited a substantial increase in the lower lake waters.

Lakes Michigan and Ontario were more susceptible to experience an incomplete overturning than the other Laurentian Great Lakes, seemingly due to a combination of comparatively milder winter air temperatures and lower lake dynamic ratio (steepness of bottom slope).

The prolonged "Millennium" drought affecting Australia in the 2000s had important consequences on surface-water bodies, including the Lower Lakes (Lake Alexandrina and Lake Albert) located at the terminal end of the River Murray system.