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10.1186/s12879-021-06637-z

An IGRA should be strongly considered as the screening method for refugees arriving in low-incidence settings if resources are available.

Fewer losses in the cascade of care for latent tuberculosis with solo interferon-gamma release assay screening compared to sequential screening

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10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30732-5

BACKGROUND A high index of suspicion is needed to initiate appropriate testing for tuberculosis due to its protean symptoms, yet health-care providers in low-incidence settings are becoming less familiar with the disease as rates decline.

Measuring health-care delays among privately insured patients with tuberculosis in the USA: an observational cohort study.

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10.1183/13993003.03831-2020

Most tuberculosis (TB) cases in low-incidence settings are thought to be due to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) in high-risk populations [1–3].

Screening for tuberculosis among high-risk groups attending London emergency departments: a prospective observational study

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10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30928-2

INTERPRETATION In a clinically representative cohort in routine practice in a low-incidence setting, transcriptomic signatures did not have adequate accuracy for diagnosis of tuberculosis, including in patients with highly probable tuberculosis where the unmet need is greatest.

Transcriptomic signatures for diagnosing tuberculosis in clinical practice: a prospective, multicentre cohort study.

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10.1093/aje/kwab193

For all strategies, the impact on tuberculosis incidence among migrants was modest (<15%), suggesting enhanced migrant screening will not achieve tuberculosis elimination in low-incidence settings.

The Role of Tuberculosis Screening Among Migrants to Low-Incidence Settings in (Not) Achieving Elimination.

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10.1093/infdis/jiab311

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of paucibacillary tuberculosis (TB) including extrapulmonary TB is a significant challenge, particularly in high-income, low-incidence settings.

Defining the Role of Cellular Immune Signatures in Diagnostic Evaluation of Suspected Tuberculosis.

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10.1093/aje/kwab150

Many tuberculosis (TB) cases in low-incidence settings are attributed to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) acquired overseas.

Modelling the Cost-Effectiveness of Latent Tuberculosis Screening and Treatment Strategies in Recent Migrants to a Low Incidence Setting.

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10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.11.1900711

The native TB morbidity in under 5-year-olds did not increase after the BCG policy revision, suggesting that selective vaccinations can prevent TB in the most vulnerable age group in low-incidence settings.

Paediatric tuberculosis during universal and selective Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination policy: a nationwide population-based retrospective study, Finland, 1995–2015

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10.1055/a-0947-4180

BACKGROUND  Big cities in Europe have the highest incidence rates of TB in otherwise low incidence settings.

Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Tuberculosis in an Urban Setting in Germany.

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10.1016/j.ijid.2019.12.024

These findings support the use of a single 'pooled Xpert' as an effective rapid screening approach for ruling out PTB in low incidence settings.

Use of GeneXpert MTB/RIF® on a single pooled sputum specimen to exclude pulmonary tuberculosis among hospital inpatients placed in respiratory isolation.

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10.1186/s12889-019-7524-4

BackgroundTreatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in high-risk groups is an effective strategy for TB control and elimination in low incidence settings.

Timing of treatment interruption among latently infected tuberculosis cases treated with a nine-month course of daily isoniazid: findings from a time to event analysis

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10.1002/hpm.2670

Addressing these factors is critical if Canada is to meet the WHO's global call to eradicate TB in all low incidence settings.

Low prioritization of latent tuberculosis infection—A systemic barrier to tuberculosis control: A qualitative study in Ontario, Canada

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10.1371/journal.pone.0216271

Background Population-level TB surveillance programs and research studies in low incidence settings often report all persons born outside the country in which the study is conducted as “foreign-born”–a single label for a highly diverse population with variable TB risks.

The problem with defining foreign birth as a risk factor in tuberculosis epidemiology studies

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10.1038/s41598-019-49439-9

In a TB low incidence setting such as the Danish, it is important to maintain focus on preventing an unfavourable TB outcome.

Predictors for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome in Denmark 2009–2014

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Low Incidence Setting - An IGRA should be strongly considered as the screening method for refugees arriving in low-incidence settings if resources are available. [1] BACKGROUND A high index of suspicion is needed to initiate appropriate testing for tuberculosis due to its protean symptoms, yet health-care providers in low-incidence settings are becoming less familiar with the disease as rates decline. [2] Most tuberculosis (TB) cases in low-incidence settings are thought to be due to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) in high-risk populations [1–3]. [3] INTERPRETATION In a clinically representative cohort in routine practice in a low-incidence setting, transcriptomic signatures did not have adequate accuracy for diagnosis of tuberculosis, including in patients with highly probable tuberculosis where the unmet need is greatest. [4] For all strategies, the impact on tuberculosis incidence among migrants was modest (<15%), suggesting enhanced migrant screening will not achieve tuberculosis elimination in low-incidence settings. [5] BACKGROUND Diagnosis of paucibacillary tuberculosis (TB) including extrapulmonary TB is a significant challenge, particularly in high-income, low-incidence settings. [6] Many tuberculosis (TB) cases in low-incidence settings are attributed to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) acquired overseas. [7] The native TB morbidity in under 5-year-olds did not increase after the BCG policy revision, suggesting that selective vaccinations can prevent TB in the most vulnerable age group in low-incidence settings. [8] BACKGROUND  Big cities in Europe have the highest incidence rates of TB in otherwise low incidence settings. [9] These findings support the use of a single 'pooled Xpert' as an effective rapid screening approach for ruling out PTB in low incidence settings. [10] BackgroundTreatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in high-risk groups is an effective strategy for TB control and elimination in low incidence settings. [11] Addressing these factors is critical if Canada is to meet the WHO's global call to eradicate TB in all low incidence settings. [12] Background Population-level TB surveillance programs and research studies in low incidence settings often report all persons born outside the country in which the study is conducted as “foreign-born”–a single label for a highly diverse population with variable TB risks. [13] In a TB low incidence setting such as the Danish, it is important to maintain focus on preventing an unfavourable TB outcome. [14]