Introduction to Logic Locking

It is observed that the proposed technique incurs small overheads in area, power, and delay that are comparable to the hardware complexity of prominent logic locking methods.

Logic Locking is a relatively new obfuscation technique that is at the forefront of preventing IP theft, piracy, overproduction, and counterfeiting of chips made in contracted foundries.

Logic locking has been studied as a promising technique to provide robust protection against these attacks.

Logic locking is a new technique to prevent an integrated circuit from hardware Trojan, piracy, overbuilding, etc.

Logic locking has emerged as a promising defense strategy against these threats.

Logic locking has received significant traction as a one-stop solution to thwart attacks at an untrusted foundry, test facility, and end-user.

Logic locking techniques have been widely investigated to thwart intellectual property (IP) piracy and reverse engineering attacks on integrated circuits.

Logic locking is necessary for protecting intellectual property.

Logic locking is a hardware security technique aimed at protecting intellectual property against security threats in the IC supply chain, especially those posed by untrusted fabrication facilities.

Logic locking aims to protect the intellectual property (IP) of integrated circuit (IC) designs throughout the globalized supply chain.

Logic locking is a holistic design-for-trust technique that aims to protect the design intellectual property (IP) from untrustworthy entities throughout the supply chain.

In this work we propose "AAFLE" (Automated Application for FPGA Logic Encryption), an automated application for IP developers to protect their design with an automated flow to lock the design using state of the art logic locking schemes.

Logic locking has been widely evaluated as a proactive countermeasure against the hardware security threats within the IC supply chain.

To combat these issues, pre-silicon hardware obfuscation or logic locking has emerged as a promising solution and has been an active research topic over the past decade.

Logic locking has demonstrated its potential to protect the intellectual property of integrated circuits (ICs).

Current out-of-cone logic locking methodologies provide resilience against the satisfiability (SAT) attack with minimal corruption of the outputs when comparing an activated and locked integrated circuit (IC).

Consequently, logic locking emerged as one of the prominent design for trust techniques.

A sizable body of work has identified the importance of architecture and application level security when using logic locking, a family of module level supply chain security techniques, to secure processor ICs.

Logic locking is used to protect integrated circuits (ICs) from piracy and counterfeiting.

To enable trust in the IC supply chain, logic locking as an IP protection technique received significant attention in recent years.

One of the main approach to address this has been through logic locking.

Partitioned finite state machine (FSM) based sequential logic locking techniques are much more resilient to oracle guided attacks due to the differences in the state space between the oracle and the IC under attack.

In order to enhance the security of logic obfuscation schemes, delay locking has been proposed in combination with traditional functional logic locking approaches.

Many of the existing logic locking and obfuscation techniques have shown to be vulnerable to attack once the attacker has access to the design netlist either through reverse engineering or through an untrusted fabrication facility.

Obfuscation or Logic locking (LL) is a technique for protecting hardware intellectual property (IP) blocks against diverse threats, including IP theft, reverse engineering, and malicious modifications.

Logic locking is a prominent solution to protect against design intellectual property theft.

Logic locking has emerged as a prominent keydriven technique to protect the integrity of integrated circuits.

Logic locking has emerged as a promising defense strategy against the afore-mentioned threats.

Logic locking is widely used in modern CMOS circuits to enhance security by masking the functionality of the circuit using a secret key.

This paper administers Defense in Depth approach at system level on AES cryptographic core using an effective logic locking technique.

Logic locking is a prominent technique to protect the integrity of hardware designs throughout the integrated circuit design and fabrication flow.

Logic locking is a circuit obfuscation technique that inserts additional key gates to the original circuit in order to prevent potential threats such as circuit overproduction, piracy, and counterfeiting.

A promising countermeasure is logic locking that adds programmable elements to a design, obfuscating the true functionality during manufacturing.

While logic locking is a promising defense to protect hardware designs, many attacks have been shown to undermine its security by retrieving the secret key.

To protect against an untrusted foundry, logic locking must 1) inject sufficient error to ensure critical application failures for any wrong key (error severity) and 2) resist any attack against it (attack resilient).

A promising solution to protect a hardware IP against such attacks is to perform logic locking, where additional logic controlled by a secret key is inserted in strategic locations of an IP to lock the functionality when the correct key is not available.

A physically unclonable and reconfigurable computing system is introduced which provides both logic locking and authentication of devices.

Logic locking has emerged as a Design-for-Trust countermeasure to address these issues.

Many of the existing logic locking and obfuscation techniques have shown to be vulnerable to attack once the attacker has access to the design netlist either through reverse engineering or through an untrusted fabrication facility.

Logic locking is a well-explored defense mechanism against various types of hardware security attacks.

Logic locking has emerged as a promising solution to protect integrated circuits against piracy and tampering.

This work presents IP protection measures from multiple perspectives-from system-level down to device-level security measures, from discussing various attack methods such as reverse engineering and hardware Trojan insertions to proposing new-age protection measures such as multi-valued logic locking and secure information flow tracking.

We introduce a systematic framework for logic locking of integrated circuits based on the analysis of the sources of information leakage from both the circuit and the locking scheme and their formalization into a notion of risk that can guide the design against existing and possible future attacks.

, logic locking) are widely applied to secure legacy IP from such attacks.

Among the ensemble of solutions proposed to address hardware-related trust issues, logic locking has gained significant interest from the research community.

This paper proposes Functional Analysis attacks on state of the art Logic Locking algorithms (Fall attacks).

Logic locking is a technique that is proposed to protect outsourced IC designs from piracy and counterfeiting by untrusted foundries.

Logic locking is a technique that has received significant attention.

To tackle Trojan insertion, IP piracy and overproduction, logic locking schemes and in particular stripped functionality logic locking is discussed and its resiliency against the state-of-the-art attacks is investigated.

Logic locking is one method to enable trust in this complex IC design and manufacturing processes, where a design is obfuscated by inserting a lock to modify the underlying functionality so that an adversary cannot make a chip to function properly.

One potential solution to protect IPs against these attacks is to perform a key-based logic locking process that disables the functionality and corrupts the output of the IP when the incorrect key value is applied.

Logic locking is a solution that mitigates hardware security threats, such as Trojan insertion, piracy and counterfeiting.

Concerning this approach, we propose a new logic locking method and algorithm.

The viability of logic locking techniques in precluding IP piracy has been tested by researchers who have identified extensive weaknesses when access to a functional IC is guaranteed.

Logic locking, and Integrated Circuit (IC) Camouflaging, are techniques that try to hide the design of an IC from a malicious foundry or end-user by introducing ambiguity into the netlist of the circuit.

Logic locking manages different logic gates insertion as key-gates along with the key-inputs after location calculation for IP protection.

As a result, various design-for-trust techniques have been developed including logic locking.

Logic locking is a technique used for intellectual property protection.

This paper presents a novel logic locking security assessment method based on linear regression, by means of modeling between the distribution probabilities of key-inputs and observable outputs.

The security of logic locking has been called into question by various attacks, especially a Boolean satisfiability (SAT) based attack, that exploits scan access in a working chip.

The security of logic locking has been extensively examined under the threat model that assumes the availability of an activated IC.

A method to increase the resiliency of in-cone logic locking against the SAT attack is described in this paper.

In this paper, we explore the possibility of securing reversible circuits against IP piracy and RE attacks using state-of-the-art logic locking techniques.

The SAT-based attacks are extremely successful in deobfuscating the traditional combinational logic locking and IC camouflaging schemes.

To mitigate these threats, various design-for-trust techniques have been developed, including sequential logic locking.

Logic locking is a protection technique for outsourced integrated circuit (IC) designs that thwarts IC piracy and IC counterfeiting by untrusted foundries.

Logic locking is a method, which locks the functionality of the circuits by using keys.

IC camouflaging and logic locking are two of the techniques under research that can thwart reverse engineering by end-users or foundries.

Logic locking inserts additional key gates to the original circuit for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of modern integrated circuits (ICs).

Logic locking is a protection technique for outsourced integrated circuit (IC) designs that thwarts IC piracy and IC counterfeiting by untrusted foundries.

Logic Locking is an area of hardware security that attempts to prevent reverse-engineering of integrated circuits based on a tamper-resistant memory.

In this paper, we review the landscape of IP protection techniques, which can be classified into logic locking, layout camouflaging, and split manufacturing.

A dominant form of obfuscation, referred to as logic locking, relies on the insertion of key gates (e.

Logic locking has emerged as a promising countermeasure against piracy and reverse engineering attacks on integrated circuits.

The security technique, called MixLock, is based on logic locking of the digital section of the mixed-signal circuit and can be used as a countermeasure for reverse engineering and counterfeiting.

An IP core can be secured against aforementioned hardware threats by employing logic locking based security mechanisms.

It has the characteristics of simple logic locking rules and convenient implementation.

In this paper, we survey logic locking approaches and discuss locking quality in hiding expected behavior and in resisting to attacks.

Logic locking and IC camouflaging are two promising techniques for thwarting an array of supply chain threats.

It relies on logic locking of the digital section of the mixed-signal IC, such that unless the correct key is provided, the mixed-signal performance will be pushed outside of the acceptable specification range.