Introduction to Dependent Locomotor Circuits

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Dependent Locomotor Circuits sentence examples

10.3390/ijms22158025

In zebrafish, in vivo preparations have revealed that sequential neurogenesis waves of interneurons and motor neurons form speed-dependent locomotor circuits throughout the spinal cord and brainstem.

The Temporal Mechanisms Guiding Interneuron Differentiation in the Spinal Cord

10.1016/J.COPHYS.2019.01.004

Here, we consolidate recent work aimed at identifying rhythm generating neurons, summarize the evidence for the involvement of two neuronal populations in rhythm generation, describe the challenges in identifying a marker for rhythm generating neurons, and discuss potential directions to take in integrating spinal rhythm generating neurons into recently identified speed-dependent locomotor circuits.

The rhythm section: An update on spinal interneurons setting the beat for mammalian locomotion.

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An Overview of Dependent Locomotor Circuits

Dependent Locomotor Circuits
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What is/are Locomotor Circuits?

Locomotor Circuits - Information regarding cell type-specific plasticity within locomotor circuits is limited. [1] Dysfunctional microcircuits progressively and irreversibly interfere with postural control, with motor command and locomotor circuits, deplete the neuroenergetic system, and ultimately interfere with life-sustaining central pattern generators in ALS. [2] The rhythm in the CPG locomotor circuits comes from the activity in the ipsilateral excitatory neurons whose output is controlled by inter-neuron inhibitory connections. [3] This gene encodes GTPase-activating protein and is involved in the assembly of neuronal locomotor circuits. [4] The connectivity patterns of neurons sustaining the functionality of spinal locomotor circuits rely on the specification of hundreds of motor neuron and interneuron subtypes precisely arrayed within the embryonic spinal cord. [5] Thus, the architecture and physiology of locomotor circuits can both execute precise individual movements in one species and simultaneously support rapid evolutionary changes in the temporal ordering of these modular elements across clades. [6] In zebrafish, in vivo preparations have revealed that sequential neurogenesis waves of interneurons and motor neurons form speed-dependent locomotor circuits throughout the spinal cord and brainstem. [7] These results could indicate the activation of innate locomotor circuits during stimulation of the pectoral area according to the Vojta therapy. [8] Motoneurons are known to be an essential component of central pattern generators in invertebrates, but it is only recently that they have been shown to play a similar role in vertebrate locomotor circuits. [9] SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this work, we provide evidence for a role of the Dmrt3 interneurons in spinal cord locomotor circuits as well as molecular and functional insights on the cellular and microcircuit level of the Dmrt3-expressing neurons in the spinal cord. [10] Commissural interneurons (CINs) mediate interactions between rhythm-generating locomotor circuits located on each side of the spinal cord and are necessary for left-right limb coordination during locomotion. [11] These genetic resources will enable us to analyze the anatomy and function of insect locomotor circuits at the cellular level. [12] Neurotrophin‐3 (NT3) plays a key role in the development and function of locomotor circuits including descending serotonergic and corticospinal tract axons and afferents from muscle and skin. [13] Their role in coordinating locomotor circuits near and far may be invaluable to the recovery of locomotor function lost due to injury to the spinal cord where the flow of motor commands from the brain and brainstem to spinal motor circuits is disrupted. [14] Here, we consolidate recent work aimed at identifying rhythm generating neurons, summarize the evidence for the involvement of two neuronal populations in rhythm generation, describe the challenges in identifying a marker for rhythm generating neurons, and discuss potential directions to take in integrating spinal rhythm generating neurons into recently identified speed-dependent locomotor circuits. [15] Mean RMS errors were between 2 and 7% peak signal magnitude for all body segments during completion of the locomotor circuits. [16] However, the interactions of these brainstem centers with each other and with the spinal locomotor circuits are poorly understood. [17]

Dependent Locomotor Circuits

In zebrafish, in vivo preparations have revealed that sequential neurogenesis waves of interneurons and motor neurons form speed-dependent locomotor circuits throughout the spinal cord and brainstem. [1] Here, we consolidate recent work aimed at identifying rhythm generating neurons, summarize the evidence for the involvement of two neuronal populations in rhythm generation, describe the challenges in identifying a marker for rhythm generating neurons, and discuss potential directions to take in integrating spinal rhythm generating neurons into recently identified speed-dependent locomotor circuits. [2]

Spinal Locomotor Circuits

The connectivity patterns of neurons sustaining the functionality of spinal locomotor circuits rely on the specification of hundreds of motor neuron and interneuron subtypes precisely arrayed within the embryonic spinal cord. [1] However, the interactions of these brainstem centers with each other and with the spinal locomotor circuits are poorly understood. [2]