Introduction to Locomotor Circuits

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Locomotor Circuits sentence examples within Dependent Locomotor Circuits

Dependent Locomotor Circuits

In zebrafish, in vivo preparations have revealed that sequential neurogenesis waves of interneurons and motor neurons form speed-dependent locomotor circuits throughout the spinal cord and brainstem.

The Temporal Mechanisms Guiding Interneuron Differentiation in the Spinal Cord

Dependent Locomotor Circuits

Here, we consolidate recent work aimed at identifying rhythm generating neurons, summarize the evidence for the involvement of two neuronal populations in rhythm generation, describe the challenges in identifying a marker for rhythm generating neurons, and discuss potential directions to take in integrating spinal rhythm generating neurons into recently identified speed-dependent locomotor circuits.

The rhythm section: An update on spinal interneurons setting the beat for mammalian locomotion.

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Spinal Locomotor Circuits

The connectivity patterns of neurons sustaining the functionality of spinal locomotor circuits rely on the specification of hundreds of motor neuron and interneuron subtypes precisely arrayed within the embryonic spinal cord.

In vitro models of spinal motor circuit’s development in mammals: achievements and challenges

Spinal Locomotor Circuits

However, the interactions of these brainstem centers with each other and with the spinal locomotor circuits are poorly understood.

Computational modeling of brainstem circuits controlling locomotor frequency and gait

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10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1576-20.2021

Information regarding cell type-specific plasticity within locomotor circuits is limited.

Spinal Cord Injury Alters Spinal Shox2 Interneurons by Enhancing Excitatory Synaptic Input and Serotonergic Modulation While Maintaining Intrinsic Properties in Mouse

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10.3390/brainsci11010108

Dysfunctional microcircuits progressively and irreversibly interfere with postural control, with motor command and locomotor circuits, deplete the neuroenergetic system, and ultimately interfere with life-sustaining central pattern generators in ALS.

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): The Repeated Bout Effect and Chemotherapy-Induced Axonopathy May Help Explain the Dying-Back Mechanism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases

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10.1007/s11571-021-09710-0

The rhythm in the CPG locomotor circuits comes from the activity in the ipsilateral excitatory neurons whose output is controlled by inter-neuron inhibitory connections.

A new biological central pattern generator model and its relationship with the motor units

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10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104188

This gene encodes GTPase-activating protein and is involved in the assembly of neuronal locomotor circuits.

CHN1 and Duane retraction syndrome: expanding the phenotype to cranial nerves development disease.

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10.1016/j.conb.2020.12.002

The connectivity patterns of neurons sustaining the functionality of spinal locomotor circuits rely on the specification of hundreds of motor neuron and interneuron subtypes precisely arrayed within the embryonic spinal cord.

In vitro models of spinal motor circuit’s development in mammals: achievements and challenges

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10.1101/2021.09.29.462444

Thus, the architecture and physiology of locomotor circuits can both execute precise individual movements in one species and simultaneously support rapid evolutionary changes in the temporal ordering of these modular elements across clades.

The evolutionary trajectory of drosophilid walking

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10.3390/ijms22158025

In zebrafish, in vivo preparations have revealed that sequential neurogenesis waves of interneurons and motor neurons form speed-dependent locomotor circuits throughout the spinal cord and brainstem.

The Temporal Mechanisms Guiding Interneuron Differentiation in the Spinal Cord

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10.1186/s12984-021-00824-4

These results could indicate the activation of innate locomotor circuits during stimulation of the pectoral area according to the Vojta therapy.

Cortical activity during sensorial tactile stimulation in healthy adults through Vojta therapy. A randomized pilot controlled trial

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10.1016/j.cophys.2018.12.009

Motoneurons are known to be an essential component of central pattern generators in invertebrates, but it is only recently that they have been shown to play a similar role in vertebrate locomotor circuits.

Feedback regulation of locomotion by motoneurons in the vertebrate spinal cord

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10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0326-18.2018

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this work, we provide evidence for a role of the Dmrt3 interneurons in spinal cord locomotor circuits as well as molecular and functional insights on the cellular and microcircuit level of the Dmrt3-expressing neurons in the spinal cord.

Characterization of Dmrt3-Derived Neurons Suggest a Role within Locomotor Circuits

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10.1101/679654

Commissural interneurons (CINs) mediate interactions between rhythm-generating locomotor circuits located on each side of the spinal cord and are necessary for left-right limb coordination during locomotion.

Spinal V3 interneurons and left-right coordination in mammalian locomotion

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10.1007/978-3-030-24741-6_32

These genetic resources will enable us to analyze the anatomy and function of insect locomotor circuits at the cellular level.

Cellular Level Analysis of the Locomotor Neural Circuits in Drosophila melanogaster

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10.1002/ana.25386

Neurotrophin‐3 (NT3) plays a key role in the development and function of locomotor circuits including descending serotonergic and corticospinal tract axons and afferents from muscle and skin.

Stroke Recovery in Rats after 24‐Hour–Delayed Intramuscular Neurotrophin‐3 Infusion

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10.3389/fncel.2019.00512

Their role in coordinating locomotor circuits near and far may be invaluable to the recovery of locomotor function lost due to injury to the spinal cord where the flow of motor commands from the brain and brainstem to spinal motor circuits is disrupted.

Propriospinal Neurons: Essential Elements of Locomotor Control in the Intact and Possibly the Injured Spinal Cord

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10.1016/J.COPHYS.2019.01.004

Here, we consolidate recent work aimed at identifying rhythm generating neurons, summarize the evidence for the involvement of two neuronal populations in rhythm generation, describe the challenges in identifying a marker for rhythm generating neurons, and discuss potential directions to take in integrating spinal rhythm generating neurons into recently identified speed-dependent locomotor circuits.

The rhythm section: An update on spinal interneurons setting the beat for mammalian locomotion.

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10.1186/s12984-019-0550-8

Mean RMS errors were between 2 and 7% peak signal magnitude for all body segments during completion of the locomotor circuits.

Dynamic neural network approach to targeted balance assessment of individuals with and without neurological disease during non-steady-state locomotion

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10.7554/eLife.43587

However, the interactions of these brainstem centers with each other and with the spinal locomotor circuits are poorly understood.

Computational modeling of brainstem circuits controlling locomotor frequency and gait

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Locomotor Circuits
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What is/are Locomotor Circuits?

Locomotor Circuits - Information regarding cell type-specific plasticity within locomotor circuits is limited. [1] Dysfunctional microcircuits progressively and irreversibly interfere with postural control, with motor command and locomotor circuits, deplete the neuroenergetic system, and ultimately interfere with life-sustaining central pattern generators in ALS. [2] The rhythm in the CPG locomotor circuits comes from the activity in the ipsilateral excitatory neurons whose output is controlled by inter-neuron inhibitory connections. [3] This gene encodes GTPase-activating protein and is involved in the assembly of neuronal locomotor circuits. [4] The connectivity patterns of neurons sustaining the functionality of spinal locomotor circuits rely on the specification of hundreds of motor neuron and interneuron subtypes precisely arrayed within the embryonic spinal cord. [5] Thus, the architecture and physiology of locomotor circuits can both execute precise individual movements in one species and simultaneously support rapid evolutionary changes in the temporal ordering of these modular elements across clades. [6] In zebrafish, in vivo preparations have revealed that sequential neurogenesis waves of interneurons and motor neurons form speed-dependent locomotor circuits throughout the spinal cord and brainstem. [7] These results could indicate the activation of innate locomotor circuits during stimulation of the pectoral area according to the Vojta therapy. [8] Motoneurons are known to be an essential component of central pattern generators in invertebrates, but it is only recently that they have been shown to play a similar role in vertebrate locomotor circuits. [9] SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this work, we provide evidence for a role of the Dmrt3 interneurons in spinal cord locomotor circuits as well as molecular and functional insights on the cellular and microcircuit level of the Dmrt3-expressing neurons in the spinal cord. [10] Commissural interneurons (CINs) mediate interactions between rhythm-generating locomotor circuits located on each side of the spinal cord and are necessary for left-right limb coordination during locomotion. [11] These genetic resources will enable us to analyze the anatomy and function of insect locomotor circuits at the cellular level. [12] Neurotrophin‐3 (NT3) plays a key role in the development and function of locomotor circuits including descending serotonergic and corticospinal tract axons and afferents from muscle and skin. [13] Their role in coordinating locomotor circuits near and far may be invaluable to the recovery of locomotor function lost due to injury to the spinal cord where the flow of motor commands from the brain and brainstem to spinal motor circuits is disrupted. [14] Here, we consolidate recent work aimed at identifying rhythm generating neurons, summarize the evidence for the involvement of two neuronal populations in rhythm generation, describe the challenges in identifying a marker for rhythm generating neurons, and discuss potential directions to take in integrating spinal rhythm generating neurons into recently identified speed-dependent locomotor circuits. [15] Mean RMS errors were between 2 and 7% peak signal magnitude for all body segments during completion of the locomotor circuits. [16] However, the interactions of these brainstem centers with each other and with the spinal locomotor circuits are poorly understood. [17]

Dependent Locomotor Circuits

In zebrafish, in vivo preparations have revealed that sequential neurogenesis waves of interneurons and motor neurons form speed-dependent locomotor circuits throughout the spinal cord and brainstem. [1] Here, we consolidate recent work aimed at identifying rhythm generating neurons, summarize the evidence for the involvement of two neuronal populations in rhythm generation, describe the challenges in identifying a marker for rhythm generating neurons, and discuss potential directions to take in integrating spinal rhythm generating neurons into recently identified speed-dependent locomotor circuits. [2]

Spinal Locomotor Circuits

The connectivity patterns of neurons sustaining the functionality of spinal locomotor circuits rely on the specification of hundreds of motor neuron and interneuron subtypes precisely arrayed within the embryonic spinal cord. [1] However, the interactions of these brainstem centers with each other and with the spinal locomotor circuits are poorly understood. [2]