Introduction to Ionic Liquid Interface

What is/are Liquid Interface?

Liquid Interface - A depth-averaged model in the frame of reference of the advancing air–liquid interface is used to investigate the steady and unsteady interface propagation modes via numerical simulation. ^[1] The complex collector and frother assembly are co-adsorbed at the gas–liquid interface, which significantly reduced the solution surface tension, forming a stable foam layer. ^[2] The human lung A549 cells cultured on both stiff and soft PU SDC membranes were found to be viable, capable of supporting the air-liquid interface (ALI) cell culture, and maintained barrier integrity. ^[3] The volume of fluid (VOF) method is applied for the air–liquid interface tracking. ^[4] Analogous to water freezing in pores, the model assumes that hydrate formation is controlled by the sediment pore size distribution and the balance of capillary forces at the hydrate–liquid interface. ^[5] cholerae together form dual-species biofilm structures at the air-liquid interface, with previously uncharacterized novel features. ^[6] Re-entrant geometries can effectively trap air pockets, increase air/liquid interface fraction, prevent the penetration of low surface tension organic liquids, and achieve super-oleophobic performance. ^[7] The findings highlight the important roles of surface structure of iron (hydr)oxides in the Fe(II)-catalyzed recrystallization, and provide fundamental data to iron atom exchange, suggesting that the surface structure sensitivity should be considered to estimate the reactivity at the mineral-liquid interface. ^[8] The gas-liquid interface interacts directly with constituents in blood, including cells and proteins, and with the endothelial cells lining blood vessels to provoke a variety of undesired biological reactions. ^[9] Both CnEm and SDS solutions inhibit spreading on hydrophilic surfaces, which is attributed to Marangoni contraction as a result of a surface tension gradient across the gas-liquid interface. ^[10] These findings were explored in terms of the CAP's adsorption isotherm at solid-liquid interface. ^[11] 28 mm diameter stable micro-gas column in situ underwater and laser pulses were focused on the gas-liquid interface of the column to improve LIBS spectral signal of metal elements in water sample. ^[12] The inability of this film to accommodate thermally and/or mechanically induced stresses experience during cooling results in grain boundary microfissuring through decohesion along one of the solid-liquid interfaces on the grain boundary and, thus, it is sometimes referred to as liquation cracking, hot cracking or hot tearing. ^[13] Biopharmaceutical formulations may be compromised by freezing, which has been attributed to protein conformational changes at a low temperature, and adsorption to ice-liquid interfaces. ^[14] Herein, we present electrohydraulic streamer discharge plasma (ESDP), which combines streamer discharge plasma (SDP) and PAW generated at a gas-liquid interface, to sterilize Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. ^[15] We exposed monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to the secretome supernatants (SN) from the apical and basolateral chamber of SAEC culture in an air-liquid interface (ALI) setting and analyzed expression of macrophage surface markers. ^[16] Hydrochromic visualization of a liquid interface shows vital potential applications in liquid displays, reversible writing, and acidic environmental detection, which offers a platform for detection and forewarning due to its intuitive and visual characteristics. ^[17] The predicted gas–liquid interface profiles, as well as the unstable shedding process agreed well with the experimental data. ^[18] Second, we connect these concepts to recent investigations of the effects of solvents on catalysis to show how interactions between solvent and reactant molecules at solid-liquid interfaces influence catalytic reactions. ^[19] However, the knowledge of interfacial structures that significantly affect ion transport through liquid-liquid interfaces is still lacking due to the difficulty of observing nanoscale interfaces. ^[20] The soft candy electrode-liquid interface circuit model was also developed for the first time. ^[21] I will present an alternate route facilitating interfacial self-assembly and jamming of superparamagnetic nanoparticles at curved liquid-liquid interfaces to create macrospin systems. ^[22] Component density profiles at vapour–liquid interfaces of mixtures can exhibit a non-monotonic behaviour with a maximum that can be many times larger than the densities in the bulk phases. ^[23] Due to the convex shape of the solid-liquid interface, the core grain growth preferentially, and a large-size single crystal is formed in the steady-state region. ^[24] The reactions at a plasma–liquid interface often involve species such as the solvated electron or the hydroxyl radical, which initiate the reduction or oxidation of solution-phase reactants (so-called scavengers) or are consumed by their own second-order recombination. ^[25] Methods Samples from noninflammatory nasal mucosa and eos‐CRSwNP were collected to establish an in vitro air–liquid interface cultured model. ^[26] Distribution of lipophilic cation and hydrophilic anion with a large molecular volume of [BMIM][FeCl4] at the gas-liquid interface hinders the formation of cage structure of H2O molecules. ^[27] Ginsenoside Rb3 is effective in mitigating CSE effects in BC monolayers and in air–liquid interface (ALI). ^[28] The assembly of disc-shaped particles at curved liquid-liquid interfaces was studied by using confocal microscopy. ^[29] Understanding the reaction mechanism at the solid/liquid interface is necessary to improve the catalytic activity of electrode materials for water treatment. ^[30] Cell deformation caused by tension forces at an air-liquid interface (ALI) can induce an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and ATP release in some epithelial cells. ^[31] ABSTRACT In this work, two aza-BODIPY derivatives, 3,5-diphenyl-1,7-di(p-dodecyloxyphenyl)-aza-BODIPY (CJF) and 3,5-di(p-bromophenyl-1,7-di(p-dodecyloxyphenyl)-aza-BODIPY (2Br-CJF) acted as model molecules to form the self-assembly monolayers on the solid-liquid interface. ^[32] The non-monotonic variation occurred in the range of contact angle at 60-80° due to the mutual restriction between solid-liquid interface energy and solid-solid interface energy. ^[33] 88J mol-1) increases at the solid-liquid interface. ^[34] Here, we examined SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility to A549 cells after adaptation to air-liquid interface (ALI) culture. ^[35] The open-source multiphase flow solver, PARIS, is used for the simulations and the mass–momentum consistent volume-of-fluid method is used to capture the sharp gas–liquid interfaces. ^[36] Although the geometry of the cell is not of the thin-layer configuration, polarizable liquid–liquid interfaces also provide a spatial constraint for the reaction zone. ^[37] The adsorption of colloidal particles at liquid interfaces is of great importance scientifically and industrially, but the dynamics of the adsorption process is still poorly understood. ^[38] Here, we describe a platform to cultivate muAstV using air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures derived from mouse enteroids, which support apical infection and release. ^[39] First, the liquid-liquid interface self-extraction was conducted for the rapid separation of DON in samples. ^[40] The Eulerian framework is applied for capturing the gas-liquid interface by a coupled Level set and Volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF) method. ^[41] We discover that reaction and growth are separated at the vapor–liquid interface and the liquid–solid interface, respectively, due to the insolubility between S and the liquid precursor. ^[42] The transient behavior of immiscible two-liquid interfaces initiated by molten iron–slag trickle flow was investigated using a Lagrangian particle-based smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model to track the movements of both liquid phases directly. ^[43] By considering the concentration distribution of Ti, B and TiB2, the effects of chemical reaction rate and laser power on the evolution of the free solid–liquid interface and species transport are discussed. ^[44] Fundamental insights into the interplay and self-assembly of nanoparticles and surface-active agents at the liquid-liquid interface play a pivotal role in understanding the ubiquitous colloidal systems present in our natural surroundings, including foods and aquatic life, and in the industry for emulsion stabilization, drug delivery, or enhanced oil recovery. ^[45] Despite progress in solid-state battery engineering, our understanding of the chemo-mechanical phenomena that govern electrochemical behaviour and stability at solid–solid interfaces remains limited compared to at solid–liquid interfaces. ^[46] However, understanding reaction mechanisms initiated at the plasma-liquid interface is complicated by short timescales and spatial non-uniformities. ^[47] In that case, oriented attachment lowers the total free energy of the crystal suspension, predominantly by removal of the nanocrystal/liquid interface area. ^[48] Recent advances in instrumentation have also provided access to membrane dynamics at the solid-liquid interface with grazing incidence NSE (GINSES). ^[49] The dynamics of the liquid-liquid interface is described by a phase-field method (PFM). ^[50]

molecular dynamics simulation

The generation of vacancies at a crystal-liquid interface propagating under conditions of undercooling below the equilibrium melting temperature is investigated in molecular dynamics simulations performed under well-controlled temperature and pressure conditions for two representative metals, bcc Cr and fcc Ni. ^[1] ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations elucidate the interactions of a MXene flake with the solvents and its stability at the liquid/liquid interface, the prerequisite for MXene flakes self-assembly at the interface. ^[2] Behaviors of body centered cubic (bcc) Fe(100)-liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) solid-liquid interface have been studied by classical molecular dynamics simulation (MD) with embedded-atom model potential under anaerobic conditions. ^[3] From molecular dynamics simulations and the capillary fluctuation method, the solid-liquid interfacial free energy ( γ 0 ) has been computed for the B2-liquid interface in the Cu-Zr system. ^[4] In this work we assess and extend strategies for calculating surface tension of complex liquids from molecular dynamics simulations: the mechanical route and the instantaneous liquid interface approach. ^[5] In this study, we performed a first-principles molecular dynamics simulation involving an Li metal | LiB F 4 -SL liquid interface. ^[6] A quasi-stationary molecular dynamics simulation method for studying mass transfer through vapour–liquid interfaces of mixtures driven by gradients of the chemical potential based on the dual control volume (DCV) method is described and tested. ^[7] As the vapor-liquid interface is necessary for the hydrophilicity of ILs, the vapor-liquid interface for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates([Bmim][BF4])-water system was also studied by molecular dynamics simulations. ^[8] This can be prominent for nanofluids due to the interaction between nanoparticles and solid/liquid interface, which is studied under different configurations (including confined, sessile, and freestanding forms) in the present work by calculating a typical thermophysical property (the specific heat capacity) using the molecular dynamics simulation method. ^[9] Aiming at the problem that carbonate and calcium ions are easy to crystallize and precipitate in the drain-pipes of limestone tunnels and then adsorb on PVC pipes in Western China, a "solid-liquid interface model" for the interaction between PVC materials and ions in aqueous solution is established by using the molecular dynamics simulation software materials studio and the microscopic mechanism of crystallization system in PVC drain-pipes at different temperatures is studied. ^[10] This article investigates the phase‐change of nanoscale liquid films on different wettability surfaces via molecular dynamics simulation, analyzes the thermal resistance between solid and liquid, investigates the thermal resistance at the solid‐liquid interface and studies the mismatch between the vibrational density of states of the solid and liquid for different wettability surfaces. ^[11]

human bronchial epithelial

Methods: Normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) and asthmatic diseased bronchial human epithelial cells (DHBE) were cultured at air liquid interface for 2 weeks and stimulated with increasing doses of IFN-α2 (0. ^[1] Methods Human bronchial epithelial brushing from patients with and without COPD were cultured into air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures and treated with or without olodaterol and RSV infection to examine the effect on markers of inflammation including interleukin-8 (IL-8) and mucus secretion. ^[2] DNMT3B expression was reduced in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells as well as in primary human and mouse bronchial epithelial cells grown in air liquid interface upon exposure to P. ^[3] Using experimental HRV infection studies in highly differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface (ALI), we examine the links between viral host defense, cellular metabolism, and epithelial barrier function. ^[4] Using RNA-seq we identify over 200 differentially expressed genes in air–liquid interface cultured primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) exposed to e-cig smoke solution from commercial e-cig cartridges. ^[5] This work describes the first in vitro model of human bronchial epithelial cells cultivated at the air–liquid interface (ALI) and infected with P. ^[6] Differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures recapitulates organotypic modeling of the in vivo environment. ^[7] Human bronchial epithelial cells were derived from basal cells isolated from cystic fibrosis patients or control donors and cultured in air-liquid interface for 2, 4 or 6 weeks. ^[8] Human bronchial epithelial cells (H292) were exposed to 1R6F smoke (5 puffs by HCI regime), ePen vapor (10 puffs by modified HCI regime), eStick vapor (25 puffs by CRM81 regime), IQOS vapor (7 puffs by HCI regime) and GLO vapor (8 puffs by HCI regime) at air-liquid interface. ^[9] To provide insight into viral replication, cell tropism, and host–viral interactions of SARS-CoV-2, we performed single-cell (sc) RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of experimentally infected human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures over a time course. ^[10]

primary human bronchial

Highly efficient genome editing in primary human bronchial epithelial cells differentiated at air-liquid interface. ^[1] Highly efficient genome editing in primary human bronchial epithelial cells differentiated at air-liquid interface. ^[2] A scalable immunofluorescent high-content imaging technique, with automated quantification of junctional complex proteins zonula occludens-1 and occludin, was established in 3D pseudostratified primary human bronchial epithelial cells cultured at an air–liquid interface. ^[3] Methods We investigated the ability of DNA-MPP to mediate reporter and/or therapeutic transgene expression in lung airways of a transgenic mouse model of muco-obstructive lung diseases (ie, Scnn1b-Tg) and in air–liquid interface cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells harvested from an individual with cystic fibrosis. ^[4] To better understand the host response of the aged airway epithelium to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we performed an in vitro study using primary human bronchial epithelial cells from donors >67 years of age differentiated on an air–liquid interface culture. ^[5] Given the major differences in cellular composition in the upper respiratory epithelium between humans and mice, we have set out to develop a human in vitro model for the analysis of lung injury and regeneration using primary human bronchial epithelial cells (phBECs) cultured at the air-liquid interface. ^[6] 426–440) describe their use of primary human bronchial epithelial cells grown at an air–liquid interface (ALI) to investigate the molecular response of the differentiated mucociliary epithelium to cigarette smoke (10). ^[7] Here, we show that levels of CD47, which is known to mediate immune escape in cancer and virus-infected cells, are elevated in SARS-CoV-2-infected Caco-2 cells, Calu-3 cells, and air-liquid interface cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. ^[8] Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from nonsmokers and COPD smokers were differentiated in vitro on air-liquid interface and exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 7 days. ^[9] Additionally, primary human bronchial epithelial (hBE) cells from three donors were differentiated at an air-liquid interface and exposed apically to 25 μL of undiluted MCA or vehicle control to assess contrast agent-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation. ^[10]

airway epithelial cell

Here, we integrate human primary airway epithelial cells into a custom-engineered 96-device platform (PREDICT96-ALI) in which tissues are cultured in an array of microchannel-based culture chambers at an air–liquid interface, in a configuration compatible with high resolution in-situ imaging and real-time sensing. ^[1] Using immunostaining studies on tissue sections and air-liquid interface airway epithelial cell cultures, in situ hybridisation, transcriptomic and cytokines detection, we analysed rs16969968 contribution to respiratory airway epithelial remodelling and modulation of inflammation. ^[2] Three airway epithelial cell models were used: the BEAS-2B cell line, human primary bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) grown in submersion culture, and HBEC that were highly differentiated at an air-liquid interface. ^[3] Using human pseudostratified airway epithelial cell layers cultured at air–liquid interface (ALI), we show that purified CyaA and PT toxins (100 ng/mL) can trigger production of the major airway mucins Muc5AC and Muc5B. ^[4] Here, we describe the establishment of an in vitro system based on well-differentiated caprine airway epithelial cell (AEC) cultures grown under air liquid interface conditions as an experimental platform to study caprine respiratory pathogens. ^[5] To aid in the search for antivirals against this virus, we explored the use of human tracheal airway epithelial cells (HtAEC) and human small airway epithelial cells (HsAEC) grown at the air/liquid interface (ALI). ^[6] Methods: To investigate, we developed a co-culture model of neutrophilic airways to study SARS-CoV-2 infection, combining primary human neutrophils and airway epithelial cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface. ^[7] To aid in the search for antivirals against this virus, we explored the use of human tracheal airway epithelial cells (HtAEC) and human small airway epithelial cells (HsAEC) grown at the air/liquid interface (ALI). ^[8]

self assembly method

Herein, a modified self-assembly method at an air–liquid interface was introduced to prepare a large-scale homogeneous array of polystyrene (PS) spheres on Ag supporting photonic–plasmonic resonances in the visible range. ^[1] The SERS-immune substrate was fabricated by a novel oil/water/oil (O/W/O) three-phase liquid-liquid interfaces self-assembly method, forming two layers of dense and uniform gold nanoparticle films to ensure the reproducibility and sensitivity of SERS immunoassay. ^[2] Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) with uniform particle size were synthesized by a chemical reduction method, and the nano-Ag/Au@Au film composite SERS substrate was successfully prepared via a consecutive layer-on-layer deposition using an optimized liquid–liquid interface self-assembly method. ^[3] A new metallo-supramolecular film was prepared by a liquid–liquid interface self-assembly method based on the metal ion Fe(II) in water solution and a star-shaped ligand of triphenylamine-substituted alkyl terpyridine in organic solvents. ^[4] Herein, a close-packed Ru@SiO2 NP nanomembrane that serves as an enhanced substrate and luminophore enricher simultaneously was constructed by the liquid-liquid interface self-assembly method and applied for ECL-enhanced bioassay. ^[5] A uniform single layer of silver nanoparticles on a gold film was prepared as the SERS substrate using a liquid-liquid interface self-assembly method. ^[6]

human nasal epithelial

Subsequently, adsorbed hSAFs support human nasal epithelial cell attachment and proliferation and induce differentiation at an air-liquid interface. ^[1] Air- liquid interface (ALI) cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) derived from control subjects were treated with TMA, followed by measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and immunofluorescence of tight junction proteins claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). ^[2] Air-liquid interface (ALI) cell culture of human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) was performed to evaluate the induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by BMPs. ^[3] We further used an IL-13 remodeling condition to investigate YAP’s role in differentiation in an in vitro air-liquid interface (ALI) human nasal epithelial cell (hNECs) model. ^[4] Methods: Air–liquid interface (ALI) cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) derived from control subjects (non-AR) (n = 9) and HDM-AR patients (n = 9) were treated with Der P 1 and Der P 2, followed by testing the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextrans and immunofluorescence of claudin-1 and ZO-1. ^[5]

mass transfer rate

This efficiency may be due to the synergistic effect of ultrasound and MnFe2O4/BC, which simultaneously induced the generation of reactive radicals and increased the mass transfer rate at the solid–liquid interface. ^[1] However, low mass transfer rate in the gas-liquid interface is the major obstacle which renders widespread adoption and industrial applications of the process limited. ^[2] The Taylor bubble perturbs the surrounding fluids activating many transport mechanisms in the proximity of the gas-liquid interface; therefore, the bubble motion significantly influences the heat and mass transfer rates. ^[3] In this model, the total mass transfer rate is influenced both by liquid film renewal rate between fluid bulk region and liquid film at the gas–liquid interface, and by oxygen diffusion rate in the twice interface renewal process. ^[4]

primary human nasal

Consistently, ethacridine is effective in various cell types, including primary human nasal epithelial cells that are cultured in an air-liquid interface. ^[1] Primary human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells cultured on filter membranes with air-liquid interface methods were infected with RV-C03, and the levels of RV-C03 RNA collected from the airway surface liquid (ASL) of HNE cells were measured with a SYBR Green assay. ^[2] The GSCS was applied to primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) grown in an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture. ^[3] We assessed infection of primary human nasal epithelial cells that were cultured on an air-liquid interface and found that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced and repressed expression of specific sets of cytokines and chemokines. ^[4]

100 welding configuration

It is indicated that for (001) and [100] welding configuration, solidification cracking susceptibility along the solid/liquid interface is symmetrically distributed about the weld pool centerline. ^[1] The variation of supersaturation of liquid aluminum and minimum dendrite tip undercooling with location of solid/liquid interface is symmetrically consistent in (001)/[100] welding configuration. ^[2] It is indicated that the primary γ gamma phase microstructure development and solidification cracking susceptibility along the solid/liquid interface are symmetrically distributed throughout the weld pool in (001) and [100] welding configuration. ^[3] For beneficial (001) and [100] welding configuration, the microstructure development along the solid/liquid interface is symmetrically distributed about the weld pool centerline throughout the weld pool. ^[4]

weld pool centerline

The bimodal distribution of solid aluminum concentration along the solid/liquid interface is crystallographically symmetrical about the weld pool centerline for (001) and [100] welding configuration, while the distribution of solid aluminum concentration along the solid/liquid interface is crystallographically asymmetrical throughout the weld pool for (001) and [110] welding configuration. ^[1] The stray grain formation and dendrite morphology ahead of solid/liquid interface are symmetrically distributed about the weld pool centerline in the (001)/[100] welding configuration. ^[2] The bimodal distribution of liquid aluminum supersaturation along the solid/liquid interface is crystallographically symmetrical about the weld pool centerline in (001) and [100] welding configuration. ^[3] The dendrite trunk spacing and solidification temperature range along the solid/liquid interface are symmetrically distributed about the weld pool centerline in (001) and [100] welding configuration, while they are asymmetrically distributed in (001) and [110] welding configuration. ^[4]

atomic force microscopy

, electroosmotic flow measurements by capillary electrophoresis, chromatographic retention of a neutral probe and atomic force microscopy) suggested the formation of DDAB patchy admicelle, complete admicelle, or larger aggregates at the solid surface - liquid interface inside the capillary, depending on the concentration of DDAB used in coating the capillary. ^[1] EXPERIMENTS We employ a combination of high-resolution amplitude-modulated atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the lateral nanostructure of a DES at the solid-liquid interface. ^[2] Atomic force microscopy offers the potential to characterize solid–liquid interfaces in high-resolution, with several experimental and theoretical studies offering molecular scale resolution by linking measurements directly to water density on the surface. ^[3] Adsorption of five different hyperbranched arabinogalactan-protein (AGP) fractions from Acacia senegal gum was thoroughly studied at the solid-liquid interface using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). ^[4]

hydrophobic ionic liquid

Au nanofiber/carbon nanotube (CNT) 1D/1D composites and Janus-type Au/CNT composites have been prepared by utilizing the liquid/liquid interface between water (W) and a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) as a redox reaction site. ^[1] The structure at the electrochemical liquid/liquid interface between water (W) and trioctylmethylammonium bis (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide, a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in which the interfacial potential difference was controlled. ^[2] The structure at the electrochemical liquid/liquid interface between water (W) and trioctylmethylammonium bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide, a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in which the interfacial potential difference was controlled. ^[3]

vibrational sum frequency

The buried solid/liquid interface between hydrophilic fused silica and binary solvent mixtures of acetonitrile (MeCN) and methanol (MeOH) was studied with vibrational sum-frequency generation (vSFG) spectroscopy. ^[1] Here we use a combination of intensity vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy, heterodyne-detected VSFG (HD-VSFG), and core-level photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) to investigate the molecular properties of water-ethanol mixtures at the air-liquid interface. ^[2] The first vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectra of chondroitin sulfate (CS) interacting with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) at air–liquid interface are reported here, collected at a laser repetition rate of 100 kHz. ^[3]

reconstituted primary human

After that, a sub-chronic toxicity assessment (90 days) of these NPs was carried out on a realistic and well-established reconstituted primary human airway epithelial model (MucilAir™), cultured at the Air–Liquid Interface (ALI), to study the long-term effects of these particles. ^[1] In addition, we demonstrated that the antiviral activity of diABZI was dependent on the interferon pathway in HCoV-229E infected normal human fibroblast lung cells (MRC-5) and reconstituted primary human airway air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. ^[2] After that, a sub-chronic toxicity assessment (90 days) of these NPs was carried out on a realistic and well-established reconstituted primary human airway epithelial model (MucilAir™), cultured at the Air–Liquid Interface (ALI), to study the long-term effects of these particles. ^[3]

primary human airway

Primary human airway epithelial cells, cultured at air–liquid interface (ALI), were obtained by clinical airway brushings or from explanted lungs. ^[1] In the present study, we studied the viral transcriptome in SARS-CoV-2 infected primary human airway epithelia (HAE) cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI) with an emphasis on the viral genome stability at the S1/S2 boundary using RNA-seq. ^[2] We exposed differentiated air-liquid interface cultures derived from primary human airway stem cells to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and infected them with SARS-CoV-2. ^[3]

lower surface tension

In type II pneumocytes, LAMP3 is localized in lamellar bodies, secretory organelles releasing pulmonary surfactant into the extracellular space to lower surface tension at the air/liquid interface. ^[1] In type II pneumocytes, LAMP3 is localized in lamellar bodies, secretory organelles releasing pulmonary surfactant into the extracellular space to lower surface tension at the air/liquid interface. ^[2] The importance of pulmonary surfactant in alveoli is to lower surface tension at air/liquid interface in the lung. ^[3]

differentiated primary human

We therefore used differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells maintained at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to test the impact of targeting TMPRSS2 on the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ^[1] Here, we used well-differentiated primary human tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells (PTEC/PBEC) cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to study the infection kinetics and subsequent epithelial response. ^[2] Here, we assessed the impact of airway epithelial cellular composition on infection in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of differentiated primary human tracheal (PTEC) and bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC). ^[3]

differentiated ex vivo

) were differentiated ex vivo at an air-liquid interface to generate organotypic cultures. ^[1] ) were differentiated ex vivo at an air-liquid interface to generate organotypic cultures. ^[2] ) were differentiated ex vivo at an air-liquid interface to generate organotypic cultures. ^[3]

human primary bronchial

Second, as the upper respiratory tract represents the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 replication, we also assessed antiviral activity in air–liquid interface (ALI) cultured human primary bronchial epithelial cells, isolated from healthy volunteers. ^[1] Normal and chronic bronchitis like bronchial mucosa models developed at the air–liquid interface using human primary bronchial epithelial cells (3 donors, and three replicates per donor) were exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC; 0. ^[2]

human small airway

In this study, we characterized the barrier and mucociliary functions of differentiated human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs), cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI). ^[1] Primary human small airway epithelial cells in air liquid interface and primary bronchial smooth muscle cells were stimulated with recombinant human IL-17 and/or IL-22 and pro-inflammatory cytokines measured. ^[2]

human airway epithelial

pH sensitivity, in a wide and narrow range, and stability of these sensors were tested in common standard buffer solutions as well as in culture media of human airway epithelial cells grown at the air–liquid interface in a 24 well cell culture plate. ^[1] With the development and improvement of air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of human airway epithelial cells, such cultures have been considered superior to immortalized cell lines and primary cell monolayers as such cultures effectively recapitulate in vivo epithelial architecture and cell types. ^[2]

epithelial cells grown

Methods: We leveraged organ-on-a-chip technology to develop a microfluidic device lined by primary human CF bronchial epithelial cells grown under an air-liquid interface and interfaced with pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (CF Airway Chip) exposed to fluid flow. ^[1] To create these conditions, the microfluidic device was utilized to expose nasal epithelial cells grown and differentiated at the air–liquid interface. ^[2]

cigarette smoke extract

In vitro testing showed that HMW-HA significantly improved mucociliary transport in air–liquid interface cultures of primary bronchial cells from COPD patients and healthy primary cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract. ^[1] In vitro testing showed that HMW-HA significantly improved mucociliary transport in air-liquid interface cultures of primary bronchial cells from COPD patients and healthy primary cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract. ^[2]

epithelial cells cultured

Using primary sinonasal epithelial cells cultured at air–liquid interface (ALI), we demonstrate that NPY reduces CBF through NPY2R activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and attenuates responses to T2R14 agonist apigenin. ^[1] As a first step, this study aimed to induce stratification of human conjunctival epithelial cells cultured on electrospun scaffolds composed from poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and decellularised tissue matrix (small intestinal submucosa (SIS) or urinary bladder matrix (UBM)) and held at the air/liquid interface. ^[2]