Introduction to Ligand Adsorption

What is/are Ligand Adsorption?

Ligand Adsorption - The X12G122– and MgX11G123– (X = Al, Ga, In and G = BO, CN) are rationally designed on theory by ligand adsorption on the Al13– etc. ^[1] The ligand adsorption was favored by acidic pH, while colloidal stability required neutral-alkaline pH; thus, the optimal pH for the preparation of nucleic acid-modified particles is between 7. ^[2] Gold/water nanofluids were prepared using citrate (CIT) reduction, then coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or bovine serum albumin (BSA) by physical/chemical ligand adsorption. ^[3] Considering the surface density of adsorbed ligands, we further discover crossover behaviors of ligand adsorption between different particle facets, leading to a strategy and its implementation in facet-controlled synthesis of colloidal metal nanoparticles by merely tuning the concentration of a single ligand. ^[4] A scheme was proposed to describe the surface charge formation, the surfactant and ligand adsorption on the dispersed phase of metal hydroxides, and their influence on the electroflotation process. ^[5] Our simulations uncover three main factors that govern the effective ligand-substrate interactions: (i) the ability of the head-group to penetrate into the binding pocket, (ii) the strength of head-group interactions with the polar solvent, and (iii) the higher barrier for ligand adsorption/desorption in the case of multiple alkyl chains. ^[6] In this paper, we report a general strategy for preparing amorphous PdM nanowires (a-PdM NWs, M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) at low temperatures by exploiting glassy non-noble metal (M) nuclei generated by special ligand adsorption as the amorphization dictator. ^[7] Our simulations uncover three main factors that govern the effective ligand–substrate interactions: (i) the ability of the head-group to penetrate into the binding pocket, (ii) the strength of head-group interactions with the polar solvent, and (iii) the higher barrier for ligand adsorption/desorption in the case of multiple alkyl chains. ^[8] Three mechanisms were involved in DOM-Se aging: (1) Reduction, ligand adsorption, and inner/outer-sphere complexation associated with the functional groups of straw-derived DOM, including hydroxyls, carboxyl, methyl, and aromatic phenolic compounds; (2) interconnection of EX-FA-Se between non-residual and residual Se pools; and (3) promotion by soil electrical conductivity (EC), clay, OM, and straw application. ^[9] Surface energy calculations and experimental studies indicate that this cubic π-phase is stabilized by specific ligand adsorption on the surface. ^[10] Despite widespread study over the years, the factors impacting the ligand shell structures, especially the effects of ligand adsorption kinetics in solution, are still not clear and even conflict with each other. ^[11] We ascertained that the nature of the ligand adsorption/desorption processes at the NC surface is dependent on its elemental composition, thus explaining the origin of the instability afflicting CsPbI3 NCs. ^[12] Biotite surface wettability was also altered as a result of changes in biotite surface functional groups and surface charges by ligand adsorption: sulfate, oxalate, phosphate, and phosphonate made biotite more hydrophilic, while acetate made it less hydrophilic. ^[13]