Introduction to Laser Ablation

Among them, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is increasingly being used to track the spatial distribution of metal-based chemotherapeutics in different tissue samples.

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) is a technique that has the potential to overcome the above issues.

In this study, with the laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), we analysed trace elements in three kinds of hard structures (statolith, beak and eye lens), determined the differences in the concentrations of trace elements among different hard structures and identified U.

Here, we report results for petrology, laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry zircon U Pb dating, whole-rock geochemistry, and zircon Hf and whole-rock Sr Nd isotopes of mafic rocks in the Sumdo area.

The synthesis methodologies of these allotropes including arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques are discussed in this chapter to produce 0-D, 1-D, and 2-D carbon allotropes.

Some of the methods commonly used to grow CNTs are chemical vapor deposition, laser ablation, and arc discharge.

The Pb distribution pattern in wheat grain detected by laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was characterized by accumulation mostly in the pericarp and seed coat rather than in the crease, embryo and endosperm.

We report the first accurate U-Pb dating of fossilized soft tissue from a Pliocene phosphatized bivalve mold using laser ablation–inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS).

This paper presents an integrated study on the crystal characteristics, elemental composition and distribution of pyrite (the main gold-bearing minerals), on the basis of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and nano-secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS).

Two different strands of hair taken from Beethoven’s head after his death were examined for heavy metals using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser ablation-ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy).

We present an in situ nanosecond laser ablation multi-collector inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) technique to measure simultaneously mass-dependent Mg isotopic fractionations and radiogenic 26Mg in chondritic components, thus allowing us to investigate within a chronological framework the thermal processes redistributing Mg in chondrules and their precursors.

We used laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for sequential sampling of the otoliths for strontium isotope analysis.

OBJECTIVE To compare the safety, need for additional foam sclerotherapy, and 1-year venous clinical severity score (VCSS) improvement in limbs of chronic venous disease patients with great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux treated with endovenous laser ablation (EVLA; 1470 nm diode laser) and concurrent foam sclerotherapy (1% polidocanol) through the access sheath [transluminal injection of foam sclerotherapy (TLFS)] to those treated with EVLA and concurrent direct-puncture ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS).

OBJECTIVE The long-term results of saphenofemoral ligation and stripping (SFL/S) were compared with 980-nm bare fiber endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for the treatment of great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence.

The mixed compound zinc sulfide (ZnS/rGO) nanoparticles were synthesized by the physical method laser ablation From there, the crystal structure and crystallite size of X-ray diffraction (XRD) particles were determined (D =8.

CeO2 prepared by laser ablation and commercial iron and zinc nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive x–ray (EXD).

We present a detailed map of the lithologies and structure of the Kuna Crest lobe, associated sheeted complex and satellite plutons, and their host rocks, using chemical abrasion−isotope dilution−thermal ionization mass spectrometry and laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry U-Pb zircon geochronology, element and isotope geochemistry, and Al-in-hornblende thermobarometry to conclude the following: (a) The 94.

Laser ablation ionization mass spectrometry studies on polished surface structures of hard, high melting point multicomponent interconnect structures using our femtosecond-laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer have previously been proven capable of providing spatially resolved chemical depth profile data at the micro- and nanometer level.

Laser Ablation or Pulsed Laser deposition (PLD) technique is the one of most promising techniques for the fabrication of thin films among all other physical vapor deposition.

They used different laser techniques to produce nanoparticles such as Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD), Pulse Laser Ablation (PLA), and Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL).

This study reports novel approaches for the detection of gunshot residues (GSR) from the hands of individuals using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS).

This book chapter focuses on laser ablation employed in elemental analysis and discusses the fundamentals and instrumentation of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques.

Monoclinic Gd2O3:Dy3+ nanoparticles (NPs) with dual-color fluorescence imaging (FI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been successfully synthesized by employing laser ablation in liquid (LAL) technique.

OBJECTIVE Determine the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) appearance of the prostate following focal laser ablation (FLA) for PCa and to identify imaging characteristics associated with recurrent disease.

Laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) trace element concentrations were determined on 20–25 µm wide, 300 µm long rastor trails in ∼60 native gold grains.

Here we present laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb zircon ages, coupled with petrography and geochemistry from the Izvorovo Pluton within the Sakar Unit (Strandja Zone).

The improvement of adhesively bonded joints of aluminum alloy and carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTP) was achieved by nanosecond laser ablation.

A heterogeneous simulation model considering carbon fiber and resin phase about laser ablation of carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRP) was established by ANSYS firstly.

Laser ablation with quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify and compare species present in the plasma originating from the interaction of a laser pulse with solid-state Sn50–xAsxSe50 materials in both forms, i.

The last decade witnessed considerable progress in the development of laser ablation/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LI-TOFMS).

We present a novel probe design for ambient laser-based mass spectrometry imaging combining electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in a single probe, compatible with a commercial laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) instrument.

This paper presents an immuno-mass spectrometry imaging method using gadolinium (Gd)-labeled anti-dystrophin antibodies and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to simultaneously quantify and localize dystrophin in muscle sections.

With this approach we demonstrate a time-resolved series of absorption-based spectroscopic measurements of a laser-induced plasma using only a single laser ablation shot and identify 22 Nd lines not previously reported in the literature.

This paper presents a comparative study of direct laser ablation (DLA) and laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation (LIPAA) methods to fabricate single-channel microgrooves on the surface of glass substrate by picosecond laser irradiation.

In this study, zircon laser ablation split-stream (LA-SS)-ICP-MS U-Pb and TE depth-profiling and novel two-dimensional zircon mapping techniques are used in combination with oxygen isotope analyses (secondary ion mass spectrometry, SIMS) to reconstruct the timing and metamorphic conditions recorded by recrystallization and growth of zircon rims, which provide valuable insight into the petro-tectonic evolution of high-pressure/low-temperature (HP/LT) metamorphic rocks formed in subduction zones.

In-situ techniques, like laser ablation MC-ICPMS (LA-MC-ICPMS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), do not require purification.

Twenty-six studies used thermal ablation: high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), cryotherapy, focal laser ablation (FLA), or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

This paper reviews the indications, procedural concepts, common post-procedure imaging findings, and potential complications of prostatic artery embolization, prostatic urethral lift, irreversible electroporation, photodynamic therapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound, focal cryotherapy, and focal laser ablation.

Most aspects of care were largely unchanged, but the Eurofoetus trial had proven that endoscopic laser ablation of placental anastomoses was the treatment of choice for severe twinto-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of and risk factors for fetal and neonatal brain lesions following laser ablation for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

Laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry (LAMIS) was recently reported for isotope analysis of samples and for molecules formation mechanism investigation by analyzing the isotopologues in laser induced plasma.

The isotope analysis of iron was performed using laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry (LAMIS) for the detection of radioactive hotspots in nuclear power plant (NPPs).

Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by Nd:YAG laser ablation in water under effect of an external magnetic field.

Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were produced by pulsed Nd:YAG laser ablation in water under the effect of an external magnetic field.

Presurgical cognitive and psychiatric status can serve as predictors of surgical outcomes; however, there are no studies that assess the predictive nature of cognitive factors and psychiatric illness on seizure freedom following stereotactic laser ablation, a novel, minimally invasive surgical approach, of the hippocampus (SLAH).

To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of ultrasound-guided transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) as a new minimally invasive surgical therapy (MIST) for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), endovenous steam ablation (EVSA), ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS), cyanoacrylate glue, mechanochemical ablation (MOCA) and high ligation and stripping (HL/S) for the treatment of varicosities of the great saphenous vein (GSV).

High ligation and stripping (HL&S) was associated with higher anatomic closure rates at 30 days and five years when compared to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) (moderate to high certainty), while no significant difference was seen when compared to endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) at five years.

Here, we apply a recently developed in-situ Rb-Sr dating method, using laser ablation tandem quadrupole inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS/MS), to determine the ages of celadonites in upper ocean crust lavas.

In this study we used an excimer (193 nm) laser ablation system interfaced to a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer to quantify key metals and metalloids that are considered by many to be indicative of magmatic contributions to hydrothermal ore deposits.

the nanocomposites structure was prepared in just one step by infrared pulsed laser ablation (Nd:YAG laser, 1064 nm) of tungsten plate immersed in liquid media of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

Herein, we report a facile and green technique using pulsed laser ablation for preparing Ni-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ni-MWCNTs) as OER catalysts.

Total or partial penectomy with 5mm resection margins is the standard of care for primary disease, although penilepreserving procedures—such as circumcision for preputial lesions, laser ablation, wide local excision, glans resurfacing, glansectomy, and Mohs micrographic surgery—are initially indicated for tumors of lower grade, favorable histology, and favorable location.

Management options include wide local excision (WLE) or Mohs surgery; radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser ablation, topical therapies, and systemic chemotherapy.

Isotopic ratio measurements for 235U/238U and 234U/238U ratios were made for a series of solid materials using laser ablation multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS).

This study presents a highly precise and accurate Ca isotope analysis method using laser ablation multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) in calcium carbonates and calcium phosphates.

The ability to use high spatial resolution sampling via laser ablation (LA-) ICP-MS, makes it the most attractive technique, as varying P/D ratios can be sampled within single age domains, whether these be crystals, growth bands, or other textural domains.

Although laser ablation (LA) achieves high spatial resolution in MSI, the ion yield can be very low.

It includes direct laser ablation, mechanical processing, EDM and ECM in material reduction processing, laser cladding, deposition method, and electroforming in additive processing and laser shock processing in deformation processing.

We have developed a one-dimensional simulation code for laser shock processing with an atomic model code, an equation of state code, and a laser ablation peening code, in order to calculate laser-plume interactions during laser shock processing.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-TOF MSI) was used to determine the phospholipid distribution, while laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry imaging (LA-ICP MSI) was used to measure Foxp3, Ki-67 and pCREB levels in the brain.

Highthroughput Illumina sequencing, surface-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry on a silver nanoparticle enhanced target (109Ag SALDI), and laser ablation-remote-electrospray ionisation-selected reaction monitoring-ambient mass spectrometry imaging (LARESI MSI) were employed.

MATERIAL A 63 year old male with refractory lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after two focal laser ablations (FLA), one Rezum treatment, and medications (silodosin 8 mg and tadalfil 5 mg) presented to our clinic with obstructive lateral lobe BPH.

Background Transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) of the prostate is a novel, mini-invasive option for men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

We characterized the pattern of adoption for laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), also known as stereotactic laser ablation (SLA), in neuro-oncology using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database.

Here, we report outcomes for patients with BMRS treated with stereotactic laser ablation (SLA, also known as laser interstitial thermal therapy, LITT)followed by consolidation radiosurgery (cSRS).

A single megacryst of Neoproterozoic monazite (“TS-Mnz”) was investigated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), Raman microspectroscopy, U-Pb dating by isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS), and U-Th-Pb dating and trace element analysis by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS).

Here we report in situ electron probe microanalyses (EPMA) of coffinite, isotope-dilution thermal-ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) U Pb data for mineralized whole rock samples, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) U Pb isotope data for apatite in both unmineralized and U-mineralized host rocks.

Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) analyses show that the highest Co and Ni contents in Py1 and high but variable Co in Py2b favors the involvement of deep high-temperature magmatic waters at stage 1 and middle stage 2.

Fl og generation sampled and analyzed by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) on four different crystals provides identical U–Pb ages within the limits of analytical uncertainty.

The extracted igneous zircons constrain the emplacement of the pluton to 302 ± 2 Ma and 301 ± 3 Ma, by means of U–Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses, respectively.

1% with C0-1) who underwent cyanoacrylate ablation (CA) with ultrasonography-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) or endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) with UGFS were included in this study.

Objective: To investigate the optimal duration of compression therapy after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) using a 1470-nm diode dual-ring radial laser fiber for great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency.

The purpose of this study is to prepare nanoencapsulation synthesized with a new formulation of Fe@Au-CS-CU-FA nanoparticle (NPs) by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) method as drug delivery to treat breast cancer (T-47D) and (MCF12A) as a normal cell line.

First, we present and discuss pulsed laser ablation in liquid, exploited today for synthetizing ultraclean “bare” nanoparticles attractive for medicine and tissue engineering applications.

Nanofibers were prepared by a newly developed protocol based on the electrospinning of PCL solutions together with TiN NPs synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation in acetone.

In this work, a robust hierarchical porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film with coral-like micro/nanostructures is generated by a facile and efficient femtosecond laser ablation technique.

ETA included endovenous laser ablation (ELVA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the selected studies.

Current endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) practice favours 1470 nm, as water is a major chromophore for this wavelength.

The surface texture of Ti6Al4V-T sample was regular, but the PN + PECVD-T sample texture was wide and shallow irregular after nanosecond laser ablation.

Also, we plan to fabricate the designed antenna with the help of our original technological approach based on the magnetron sputtering and nanosecond laser ablation.

The area and depth of the per-pulse laser ablation paint layer were measured.

In this present work, AgNPs were synthesized in various mediums of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and chitosan using the pulse laser ablation synthesis method.

Biotite and white mica from this intrusion as well as from the mylonitic shear zone yield ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of 17-18 Ma independent of the used techniques (in-situ laser ablation, single-grain total fusion, single-grain step heating, and multi-grain step heating).

We present the minor-trace element contents in sphalerite and pyrite from drill core samples of four deposits (Banskhapa, Jangaldehri, Biskhan, and Bhuyari), analyzed by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and in-situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) for determining ore-forming temperature, ore genesis and exploration prospectivity.

Herein, a continuous-flow driven microfluidic device has been designed and fabricated using the CO2 laser ablation method for polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Aims: This study aims to compare the efficacy of ultrapulse CO2 laser ablation with 30% TCA in the treatment of XP.

OBJECTIVE Determine the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) appearance of the prostate following focal laser ablation (FLA) for PCa and to identify imaging characteristics associated with recurrent disease.

This is the case of a man, aged 56 years, who presented with urinary intermittency, frequency, urgency, and dysuria 5 months after undergoing focal laser ablation (FLA) of Gleason 3+4=7 prostate cancer (PC).

Cystoscopic- and fluoroscopic-guided laser ablation of the ectopic ureter were performed with a Hol:YAG laser.

PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous MRI-guided laser ablation and cryoablation for the treatment of symptomatic soft tissue vascular anomalies (VA) of the trunk and extremities.

Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by Nd:YAG laser ablation in water under effect of an external magnetic field.

Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were produced by pulsed Nd:YAG laser ablation in water under the effect of an external magnetic field.

Methods: Eighteen plaque samples obtained from carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were randomly allocated to the excimer laser ablation (45 mJ/mm2, 25 Hz) alone group (group 1), balloon angioplasty (8 atm) alone group (group 2), and excimer laser ablation combined with balloon angioplasty group (group 3).

Our results showed that NL-TuJ1 was significantly reduced by 84% after excimer laser ablation, by 54% after CXL and by 96% after decellularization.

Direct laser ablation allows high-quality processing, precision, and cutting of complex shapes.

This paper presents a comparative study of direct laser ablation (DLA) and laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation (LIPAA) methods to fabricate single-channel microgrooves on the surface of glass substrate by picosecond laser irradiation.