Introduction to Korean Adults

What is/are Korean Adults?

Korean Adults - We examined the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults. ^[1] Background: This study was conducted to assess the association of pulse pressure (PP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) by gender in Korean adults. ^[2] Simple Summary From the representative data in Korea, we developed individual lung cancer risk prediction model of Korean adults. ^[3] Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of FH of CVD on dyslipidemia prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and healthy behaviors in Korean adults. ^[4] The aim of this study was to re-validate the changes in natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and cytokines related to T cells after Sil-Q1 (SQ; silk peptide) supplementation in a larger pool of Korean adults with minimized daily dose of SQ and controlling seasonal influence compared to the previous study. ^[5] Therefore, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal effect of METS-IR on incident IHD risk in a large cohort of Korean adults without diabetes. ^[6] This study reports the serum concentrations of twenty-four POPs and their influencing factors for Korean adults (n = 1295) who participated in the KoNEHS Cycle 3 (2015-2017). ^[7] We investigated the association of low and high daily protein intakes on skeletal muscle mass status in Korean adults aged 60 years and older. ^[8] This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the incidence of diabetes in Korean adults. ^[9] ABSTRACT We examined intergenerational differences in the prevalence of age-friendly environments (AFE), social support, depressive symptoms, and chronic diseases, and the complex associations among those variables in Korean adults. ^[10] This study aimed to investigate the association between domain-specific physical activity (PA) and diabetes in Korean adults. ^[11] [Purpose] This preliminary study aimed to develop a regression model to estimate the non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) of Korean adults using various easy-to-measure dependent variables. ^[12] METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data from Korean adults whose hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and serum total homocysteine values were within reference limits. ^[13] Discussion/Conclusion: Long sleep duration is associated with poor HRQOL in Korean adults with CKD. ^[14] We aimed to prospectively examine the association between preference for spicy foods and incident central obesity in Korean adults aged 40 and over. ^[15] Objectives: This study examined whether or not nutritional adequacy modulates the relationship between depression and lifestyle risk factors in Korean adults aged 18-65 years (n = 7446). ^[16] 6% of Korean adults treated for hypertension failed to meet BP goal according to the KSH guideline; the underachievement extended to 61. ^[17] The objective of this study was to investigate the association between CLOCK rs1801260 and the incidence of metabolic syndrome modulated by dietary monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake in Korean adults. ^[18] Objectives To identify the stepping cadence patterns in Korean adults using objectively measured accelerometer data, accumulated time at each cadence category by gender and age were analyzed. ^[19] Specifically, we tested how accurate face-based judgments are, whether the accuracy of and confidence in face-based judgments are associated, and what mechanisms potentially link facial appearance to behaviors (N = 1,386 American and Korean adults). ^[20] This study explores the mediating effect of life satisfaction on the relation between perceived physical attractiveness and lifestyle of health, making an effort to reach an optimal state in physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual domains in Korean adults. ^[21] This study evaluated the arsenic exposure level, contributing factors, and health effects in Korean adults. ^[22] This study was aimed to evaluate the association between urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels and risk of obesity in Korean adults. ^[23] The aim of this study is to examine the association between the TG/HDL-C ratio and CKD in Korean adults. ^[24] METHODS We conducted path analyses using data from a two-wave opt-in panel survey of Korean adults who knew about health apps. ^[25] Our study provides evidence that Korean adults who do not engage in recommended MVPA levels increase the odds ratio for each of the MetS risk factors when compared to those who meet the recommendations. ^[26] To investigate the obesity transition and inequalities by socio-demographic factors in Korea, we examined the nationwide overall and abdominal obesity trends and its association with socio-demographic factors in Korean adults (aged 19–79 years) in 1998–2018. ^[27] OBJECTIVE To assess the associations among the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), and all-cause and CVD mortality rate and to compare the performances of eGFRMDRD, eGFRCKD-EPI, and eGFRcys using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in Korean adults aged ≥ 50 years. ^[28] Therefore, using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) data, the present study examined the associa‐ tion between sleep duration and the probability of obesity in Korean adults and investigated age‐ and sex‐specific differ‐ ences. ^[29] OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore trends in the prevalence and management of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in Korean adults from 1998 to 2018 using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). ^[30] Conclusion The combination of ezetimibe in addition to statin treatment was not associated with a significantly different risk of T2D and CVDs compared with statin monotherapy in Korean adults with IFG. ^[31] These results suggested that diverse diets comprised of five food categories might potentially reduce the risk of prediabetes in Korean adults. ^[32] (1) Background: the purpose of the present study was to analyze the associations between arthritis and fall histories in Korean adults. ^[33] OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the factorial validity of the ICD-11 CPTSD and its distinctive symptom classes in Korean adults with ACE from a representative community sample and examine the risk factors and clinical symptoms that distinguish the CPTSD symptom classes. ^[34] Purpose: This study aimed to examine the association between depression and eating behavior factors in Korean adults. ^[35] Here we investigated the associations between handgrip strength and multimorbidity in Korean adults aged ≥ 19 years. ^[36] The study subjects included Asian American adults from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (n = 211), Chinese adults in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (n = 13,649), and Korean adults in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 7,486). ^[37] Long-term exposure to PM10 was associated with newly diagnosed osteoporosis in Korean adults aged ≥40 years. ^[38] CONCLUSIONS The measurement of static balance by the OLST predicted the risk of fracture in Korean adults independent of BMD and fall history. ^[39] Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of hand-to-environmental contact (HEC) and to identify the factors influencing HEC behavior in Korean adults’ indoor daily life. ^[40] Purpose: This study investigated the food consumption behaviors in Korean adults, according to the agrifood consumer competency index (ACCI). ^[41] The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors related to prehypertension in Korean adults. ^[42] Objective We assessed the prevalence of, and factors associated with, heated tobacco product (HTP) use and analysed the association between HTP use and quitting combustible cigarettes (CCs) in Korean adults. ^[43] Thus, we aimed to investigate the association of handgrip strength levels, medical use, and hospitalization in Korean adults. ^[44] METHODS Using the 2018 Age Integration and Generation Integration Survey, a cross-sectional national survey of Korean adults, we analyzed data from 266 adults aged 60 and older. ^[45] Objective To examine the relationship between urinary cotinine and serum vitamin A levels in Korean adults. ^[46] The current study used data from a nationwide sample of Korean adults aged 70–84 collected from 10 cities, each of which represents a different region of South Korea (n = 1521). ^[47] Background: This study examined whether the fitness of Korean adults can be analyzed by the cause-effect relation using the linearity or Gaussianity in the lump mean scheme (LMS). ^[48] This study aimed to examine the factors related to depressive symptoms in Korean adults with diabetes, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 2014, 2016, and 2018. ^[49] We aimed to evaluate the association between low vitamin D levels and sensitization to 59 aeroallergens in Korean adults. ^[50]

body mass index

This study aimed to develop a multiple linear regression model to estimate the HRPF of Korean adults, using easy-to-measure dependent variables, such as gender, age, body mass index, and percent body fat. ^[1] Methods: In data of 15,206 Korean adults (6961 men and 8245 women) aged ≥30 years using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, HGS, body mass index (BMI), height, waist circumference, the components of Framingham CVDR, and covariates (sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, perceived stress, health, functional status, and nutritional status) were used. ^[2] In the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2018, we estimated the age-standardized prevalence of overall (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm men, ≥85 cm women) in each sociodemographic subgroup of Korean adults (aged 19–79 years). ^[3] This study examined the sex-specific association between body mass index (BMI) and falls in Korean adults using data from a large population-based survey. ^[4] Objective To investigate the association between relative grip strength and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) independently and in combination with body mass index (BMI) in Korean adults. ^[5] Objectives: This study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and trajectories of cognitive decline among older Korean adults. ^[6] Therefore, we conducted a preliminary study on the anti-obesity effect of PGE in 108 Korean adults (aged 20–60 years, 30 kg/m2 ≥ body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2). ^[7] Objective To investigate the effects of lifestyle-related factors on ischemic heart disease (IHD) according to body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels among Korean adults. ^[8]

cross sectional study

This cross-sectional study investigated whether diet quality modifies the association between sleep status and obesity in Korean adults. ^[1] Data of 11,131 Korean adults aged 19 years or older were recruited from the 2016–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and analyzed in this cross-sectional study. ^[2] Methods Our cross-sectional study included data from 14,093 Korean adults aged above 19 years old; data were sourced from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014, 2016, and 2018, when the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used. ^[3] This cross-sectional study, using data from the 2016–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, examines the association between sitting time and physical activity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Korean adults aged ≥ 65 years. ^[4] Therefore, this population-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the effect of behavioral transformations between sedentary behavior and level of physical activity on cardiometabolic health in Korean adults using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2014–2017. ^[5] For example, a cross-sectional study of young and middle-aged Korean adults free of coronary heart disease has shown that ultrasound-diagnosed nephrolithiasis was associated with the presence of coronary artery calcification [3]. ^[6] The current cross-sectional study aimed to examine the diet in food consumption and nutrient intake in Korean adults aged 20 to 40 with IBS. ^[7] PURPOSE To evaluate the association between low handgrip strength and type of dental prosthesis used in Korean adults in a cross-sectional study of nationally representative big data. ^[8]

nationally representative sample

We investigated the prevalence of psychological stress and its associations with cigarette smoking and drinking behaviors among a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults. ^[1] The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between occupational/environmental noise and periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of Korean adults. ^[2] This study examined the association of alcohol drinking patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults. ^[3] This study investigated the association between the different types of plant-based diets and dyslipidemia in Korean adults using data from the nationally representative sample. ^[4] ,An online survey was conducted on a nationally representative sample of Korean adults after the moderate earthquake in Pohang in 2017. ^[5] BackgroundIn a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults, we investigated the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical activity level, and whether this association varied by age group. ^[6]

health related quality

Objectives We examined the association of individual and regional-level perceived stress and depression with health related quality-of-life (HRQOL) of Korean adults. ^[1] Objectives: This study was performed to investigate whether vestibular dysfunction affects health-related quality of life in Korean adults. ^[2] The purpose of this secondary analysis study was to compare social networks, health-promoting behaviors, and health-related quality of life of South Korean adults, aged 65 years or older, with and without arthritis, and to identify factors that are related to health-related quality of life. ^[3]

Among Korean Adults

Background This study aimed to investigate the recent prevalence, management, and comorbidities of diabetes among Korean adults aged ≥30 years by analyzing nationally representative data. ^[1] Therefore, this study aimed to examine the abovementioned association among Korean adults, stratified by developmental stages. ^[2] ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate intergenerational differences in the associations of social capital attributes (family network, friend network, community cohesion) and perceived family support (instrumental, informational, emotional) with loneliness among Korean adults. ^[3] Objective This study explored how material, behavioral, psychological, and social-relational factors contribute to income-related disparities in cardiovascular risk among Korean adults 65 years and older. ^[4] The present study investigates indirect effects of communication about suicide in interpersonal relationships and patient-provider relationships on suicidal intention via attitude, descriptive norm, injunctive norm, and self-efficacy in committing suicide among Korean adults, using longitudinal survey data. ^[5] Therefore, this study verified the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model to predict medication adherence among Korean adults and examined the role of optimistic or present bias in that model. ^[6] Thus, we aimed to examine the association between the type and number of chronic diseases and suicidal thoughts among Korean adults. ^[7] Thus, we aimed to examine the association between anemia and BMI among Korean adults aged ≥19 years. ^[8] Objectives: This study was performed to identify and find the clustering of healthy behaviors and the factors related to the clustering among Korean adults aged 19-64. ^[9] Aim This study determined the effect of exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infodemic on infection‐preventive intentions among Korean adults. ^[10] The aim of this study was to investigate the association between income levels and prevalence of heat- and cold-related illnesses among Korean adults. ^[11] Relationship Between Handgrip Strength and the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Among Korean Adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014-2018 Sung-hyun Hong MS, Ji-yong Byeon MS, Ji-hee Min PhD, Dong-hyuk Park MS, Won-hee Cho MS, Justin Y. ^[12] The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between HRV and metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. ^[13] Thus, this study aimed to compare dietary behaviors and determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as well as explore factors associated with MetS according to household type among Korean adults. ^[14] Therefore, we aimed to examine the cross-sectional differences in sleep characteristics among Korean adults during a 9-year period of 2009-2018. ^[15] Prior episodes of severe hypoglycemia were associated with an increased risk of ESRD among Korean adults with type 2 diabetes. ^[16] Therefore, this study was aimed to examine the above association among Korean adults, stratified by developmental stages. ^[17] This study examined the age-dependence of the association between diabetes and obesity among Korean adults. ^[18] Background: Recently, the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes rises among Korean adults. ^[19] Thus, this study aims to characterize the changes in drinking behavior among Korean adults and to reveal differences in their demographics, depression, and suicidal thoughts. ^[20] We aimed this study to check the reliability of commonly used pain scales in a postoperative setting among Korean adults. ^[21] This study aimed to investigate the association between PVD and cold-induced injuries in the winter among Korean adults. ^[22] In this study, the Yonsei-Cambridge Mindreading Face Battery (Y-CAM) was developed based on the Cambridge Mindreading Face Battery to assess complex emotion recognition among Korean adults (age range = 20-27 years). ^[23] This study aimed to examine the association of living with a patient with dementia and family caregivers’ depressive symptoms, among Korean adults. ^[24] This study aimed to describe the characteristics of HFC behaviors among Korean adults during indoor activities. ^[25] Objective This study aimed to identify the perceptions of orthodontic treatment among Korean adults and determine the factors that drive them to seek orthodontic treatment. ^[26] This cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey II (2012–2014) among Korean adults (n = 5800). ^[27] Therefore, we investigated the association between periodontal health and stroke among Korean adults. ^[28] This study sheds light on gender differences in psychological reactions to cancer among Korean adults. ^[29] This study classified the changes in alcohol use behavior among Korean adults and explored the related factors. ^[30] Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Korean adults (N = 248). ^[31] This study aimed to evaluate the association of periodontitis with the organoleptic score (OLS)-defined oral malodor after validating OLS with odoriferous sulfur compounds in mouth air among Korean adults. ^[32] This study examined the association between self‐reported height loss and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) among Korean adults older than 50 years. ^[33] This study aimed to determine the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity among Korean adults. ^[34] This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on food consumption pattern as well as eating behavior among Korean adults residing in Seoul and the Gyeonggi areas. ^[35] The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is rapidly increasing in Korean populations and is estimated to reach 39% among Korean adults. ^[36] This study investigated the association between smoking behavior and metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. ^[37] Conclusions The prevalence of NAFLD and ALD increase among Korean adults. ^[38] Background: This study was designed to investigate the influence of family history of hypertension (FH) on hypertension prevalence, management, and healthy behaviors among Korean adults. ^[39] We examined association of dietary fat and carbohydrate intake with incidence of T2D among Korean adults. ^[40] Objective To investigate trends in total fat and fatty acid intakes and chronic health conditions among Korean adults over nine years between 2007 and 2015. ^[41] This study aimed to assess socioeconomic inequalities in obesity among Korean adults. ^[42] The prevalence of diabetes among Korean adults aged 30 years and older was 13. ^[43] Our study aimed to examine associations between hand-washing education and self-reported hand-washing behaviors among Korean adults during the year of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak. ^[44] The aim of this study was the relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and vitamin D level among Korean adults using data from the '6th(2013-2014) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey'. ^[45] Objective To investigate the effects of lifestyle-related factors on ischemic heart disease (IHD) according to body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels among Korean adults. ^[46]

South Korean Adults

This research investigated variations in alcohol consumption by socioeconomic factors and hypertensive status in South Korean adults, aged ≥ 19 years. ^[1] We investigated the association between milk consumption and BMD in South Korean adults (≥20 years). ^[2] The present study examines the associations between multiple measures of social trust and two outcomes of psychological wellbeing (happiness and depression) among South Korean adults (n = 1549) living in residential communities, that is, administrative districts (n = 77) in and around the capital city of Seoul. ^[3] We investigated the prevalence of psychological stress and its associations with cigarette smoking and drinking behaviors among a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults. ^[4] METHODS A cohort of 583,034 South Korean adults who underwent annual or biennial health examinations were followed-up for infection-related deaths using national records. ^[5] Conclusions We obtained novel data on the changes in the lifestyle, mental health, and quality of life of South Korean adults before and after the onset of the pandemic. ^[6] This study aimed to determine the size of the maxillary sinus using a 3D program after categorizing South Korean adults according to their FI classification. ^[7] Objectives This study aimed to determine the association between community deprivation and poor health behaviours among South Korean adults. ^[8] A survey of 627 South Korean adults was conducted in March 2020, when the country experienced an early but rapidly accelerating pandemic stage. ^[9] This study aims to examine the association between stroke quality assessments and mortality within 30 days among South Korean adults who underwent hemorrhagic stroke surgeries to provide evidence of the importance of such assessments. ^[10] An original survey of 1,988 South Korean adults shows empirically supported correlates of South Korean public opinion on nuclear proliferation. ^[11] Objectives: The study aimed to investigate sex differences associated with sleep duration and the prevalence of thyroid disease among South Korean adults. ^[12] This study examined the association of alcohol drinking patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults. ^[13] The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to unmet healthcare needs among South Korean adults. ^[14] Methods An online survey was conducted with a panel sample of South Korean adults (n=797) who were precarious workers aged between 25–34 years. ^[15] We investigated the association between alcohol drinking status and depressive symptoms in a representative sample of South Korean adults using data from the 2017 Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS), which included 216,771 participants (99,845 men and 116,926 women). ^[16] SCOPE To identify the cross-sectional and prospective association between coffee consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among South Korean adults. ^[17] This study aims to examine the association between the severity of new-onset depression and unmet healthcare needs among South Korean adults. ^[18] METHODS We analyzed data from 8,403 South Korean adults who had been randomly assigned to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2013. ^[19] The purpose of this secondary analysis study was to compare social networks, health-promoting behaviors, and health-related quality of life of South Korean adults, aged 65 years or older, with and without arthritis, and to identify factors that are related to health-related quality of life. ^[20] Method Diagnostic codes and prescription data for South Korean adults were extracted from the HIRA. ^[21] BackgroundIn a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults, we investigated the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical activity level, and whether this association varied by age group. ^[22] OBJECTIVE This study explored the association between grain intake by subtype or various combinations of grain intake and the risk of developing MetS in South Korean adults using data from a community-based prospective cohort study. ^[23]

Older Korean Adults

This study was conducted to identify factors influencing the development of suicidal ideation and the transition from suicidal ideation to attempts by focusing on experiences of age discrimination and neglect among older Korean adults. ^[1] Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation among older Korean adults and the predictors of suicidal ideation. ^[2] This study determined the effects of physical functioning on depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among older Korean adults. ^[3] Therefore, this study examined the association between dietary patterns and frailty in older Korean adults using the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). ^[4] We aimed to validate the KABS by detecting the associations between high anticholinergic burden, measured with the KABS, and emergency department (ED) visits compared to the pre-existing validated scales in older Korean adults. ^[5] Purpose We aimed to investigate the association between daily sunlight exposure duration and fractures in older Korean adults with osteoporosis. ^[6] The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between types of leisure activities and happiness, life satisfaction, and health perception of older Korean adults during the COVID-19 era. ^[7] Objectives: This study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and trajectories of cognitive decline among older Korean adults. ^[8] The aim of this study is to examine formal and informal care use among community-dwelling older Korean adults. ^[9]

Aged Korean Adults

METHODS From 6799 middle-aged Korean adults, we assessed the social network density and proportion of closed triads, using the name generator module. ^[1] In conclusion, masticatory discomfort was a risk factor for increased mortality in middle-aged Korean adults who exercised regularly, at least once a week. ^[2] The current findings suggest that both low SES and low HGS were independently and synergistically associated with an increased risk of NAFLD in middle-aged Korean adults. ^[3] This study aims to determine the influence of the constructs of the health belief model and fear of dementia on the behavioral intention to prevent middle-aged Korean adults' dementia. ^[4] For example, a cross-sectional study of young and middle-aged Korean adults free of coronary heart disease has shown that ultrasound-diagnosed nephrolithiasis was associated with the presence of coronary artery calcification [3]. ^[5] Therefore, we investigated the association of dyslipidemia with DES in middle-aged Korean adults. ^[6] We investigated the relationship between the presence of MS, its elements, and tooth loss in middle-aged Korean adults. ^[7]

Asymptomatic Korean Adults

METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed data from 60,938 asymptomatic Korean adults. ^[1] We included 2019 asymptomatic Korean adults who underwent testing for a coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and Lp (a) at the Gangnam Severance Hospital Health Checkup Center in Korea from January 2017 to August 2019. ^[2] 177,111 samples were analysed from two contemporary population-based cohorts comprising asymptomatic Korean adults who underwent medical examinations. ^[3] Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs), which can help establish guidelines of treatment for asymptomatic Korean adults using 3T magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). ^[4] We included 10,839 asymptomatic Korean adults (23. ^[5] Overall, 10 839 asymptomatic Korean adults (23. ^[6]

Healthy Korean Adults

200 healthy Korean adults, including 102 males and 98 females, were randomly selected (age, range 20–86 years). ^[1] This study aimed to identify the specific reference range in the healthy Korean adults. ^[2] METHODS Anti-Gal and anti-Neu5Gc Abs serum titers were measured in 380 healthy Korean adults using the in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. ^[3] We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and various metabolic indicators in healthy Korean adults by using nationally representative data. ^[4] For ANN-based VO2max estimation, 118 healthy Korean adults (59 men and 59 women) in their twenties and fifties (38. ^[5]

Dwelling Korean Adults

This study aimed to investigate predictors of longitudinal changes in cognitive function in community-dwelling Korean adults aged 65 years and older. ^[1] Among participants enrolled between 2013 to 2014 in cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) study (n=807), a cohort of community-dwelling Korean adults to study cardiovascular risk factors, a total of 500 individuals were recruited for 5-year follow-up. ^[2] METHODS We used data of 3160 community-dwelling Korean adults aged ≥65 years from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2016). ^[3] Association between Morningness–Eveningness and Defense Mechanisms in Community-Dwelling Korean Adults. ^[4]

Young Korean Adults

This study was aimed at determining the food involvement level of young Korean adults and at analyzing their healthy dietary and eating-out behavior according to their food involvement levels. ^[1] Conclusions Persistently elevated LDL‐C and triglyceride levels were associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases risk in young Korean adults without severe hypercholesterolemia. ^[2] However, there are limited data on the characteristics and management of young Korean adults with diabetes. ^[3] We defined low HGS as 2 standard deviation values for healthy young Korean adults from a previous study. ^[4]

620 Korean Adults

Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire survey of 620 Korean adults. ^[1] Methods 510,620 Korean adults aged 40–80 years without known chronic kidney disease (CKD) underwent health examinations during 2002–2003 and were followed-up until 2013. ^[2]

Diabetic Korean Adults

We aimed to prospectively study the association between AIP and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk in a large cohort of non-diabetic Korean adults. ^[1] Background and objective: The present study assesses the relationship between hyperuricemia and pulse pressure (PP) in non-diabetic Korean adults. ^[2]

Representative Korean Adults

We aimed to assess the association between toothbrushing frequency and the prevalent NAFLD in nationally representative Korean adults. ^[1] This study aimed to prove the association between the use of proximal cleaning devices, such as dental floss and interdental brushes, and periodontal health among nationally representative Korean adults. ^[2]

korean adults aged

Background This study aimed to investigate the recent prevalence, management, and comorbidities of diabetes among Korean adults aged ≥30 years by analyzing nationally representative data. ^[1] This study included 222,998 Korean adults aged 40–79 years, naïve to lipid-lowering therapy, had no history of cardiovascular disease. ^[2] We investigated the association of low and high daily protein intakes on skeletal muscle mass status in Korean adults aged 60 years and older. ^[3] We aimed to prospectively examine the association between preference for spicy foods and incident central obesity in Korean adults aged 40 and over. ^[4] Objectives: This study examined whether or not nutritional adequacy modulates the relationship between depression and lifestyle risk factors in Korean adults aged 18-65 years (n = 7446). ^[5] Thus, we aimed to examine the association between anemia and BMI among Korean adults aged ≥19 years. ^[6] Conclusion The study assessed the reliability and validity of the IGLS and suggested a cut-off for low, average, and high Internet game literacy degree with 300 Korean adults aged 21–49 years. ^[7] This study aimed to investigate predictors of longitudinal changes in cognitive function in community-dwelling Korean adults aged 65 years and older. ^[8] Objectives: This study was performed to identify and find the clustering of healthy behaviors and the factors related to the clustering among Korean adults aged 19-64. ^[9] OBJECTIVE To assess the associations among the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), and all-cause and CVD mortality rate and to compare the performances of eGFRMDRD, eGFRCKD-EPI, and eGFRcys using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in Korean adults aged ≥ 50 years. ^[10] Data of 11,131 Korean adults aged 19 years or older were recruited from the 2016–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and analyzed in this cross-sectional study. ^[11] Participants included 4507 Korean adults aged ≥40 years without dyslipidemia and related chronic diseases at baseline (2001–2002). ^[12] Here we investigated the associations between handgrip strength and multimorbidity in Korean adults aged ≥ 19 years. ^[13] Long-term exposure to PM10 was associated with newly diagnosed osteoporosis in Korean adults aged ≥40 years. ^[14] The current study used data from a nationwide sample of Korean adults aged 70–84 collected from 10 cities, each of which represents a different region of South Korea (n = 1521). ^[15] METHODS:This study used the data from the 2008–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey involving 8,252 Korean adults aged ≥50 years (56. ^[16] Methods Our cross-sectional study included data from 14,093 Korean adults aged above 19 years old; data were sourced from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014, 2016, and 2018, when the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used. ^[17] This cross-sectional study, using data from the 2016–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, examines the association between sitting time and physical activity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Korean adults aged ≥ 65 years. ^[18] We examined whether regular exercise is related to depressive symptoms in 5379 Korean adults aged ≥55 years using data from a 2016 survey administered in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. ^[19] The aim of this study was to determine the prospective associations between serum homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12, and incidence of MetS in a community-based cohort of Korean adults aged ≥ 40 years. ^[20] This study aimed to identify factors affecting the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Korean adults aged 19 years and older. ^[21] The subjects were 33 Korean adults aged 23 to 71 years. ^[22] Methods The Fact Sheets were based on the analyses of Korean adults aged 20 years or older of the 2007–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the 2002–2018 National Health Insurance Big Data (NHI-BD). ^[23] We determined polygenetic risk scores (PRS) for 3GO risk and the interactions between PRS and lifestyle habits on 3GO risk in Korean adults aged 40 to 77 y recruited from the urban hospital cohort of the Korean Genomic and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), conducted from 2004 to 2013. ^[24] Summary In Korean adults aged 50 years and older, the overall risk of fractures increased with greater BMI variability among both men and women, specifically, spinal fractures for men and both spinal and hip fractures for women. ^[25] A total of 685,327 Korean adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the household and individual surveys of the Korea Community Health Survey 2015–2017 are included in the analysis. ^[26] Methods The Fact Sheets were based on the analyses of Korean adults aged 20 years or older of the 2007–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the 2002–2018 National Health Insurance Big Data (NHI-BD). ^[27] METHODS We used data of 3160 community-dwelling Korean adults aged ≥65 years from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2016). ^[28] The current cross-sectional study aimed to examine the diet in food consumption and nutrient intake in Korean adults aged 20 to 40 with IBS. ^[29] Methods 510,620 Korean adults aged 40–80 years without known chronic kidney disease (CKD) underwent health examinations during 2002–2003 and were followed-up until 2013. ^[30] The prevalence of diabetes among Korean adults aged 30 years and older was 13. ^[31] Methods: We analyzed data from a nation-wide cross-sectional survey of Korean adults aged 19 ~ 69 years conducted from November 2011 to J