Introduction to Isotropic Material

Thin-walled corrugated structures have been widely used in engineering applications for centuries, because corrugation enables engineers to tailor directional dependent properties despite the structures being made of isotropic materials.

For the description of yielding, an isotropic yield criterion which allows to differentiate between isotropic materials was used.

Conventional techniques, suitable for the typical design of the strips made from anisotropic material such as steel, are not useful for СFRP strips.

Almost all earlier mechanical analysis of implants presumed bone as an isotropic material while the bone is anisotropic.

We introduce an FFT-based method to compute the effective crack energy of heterogeneous, locally anisotropic materials.

However, 3DCP has many challenges such as competing rheological requirements, weak interlayer bonding, difficulty in integrating reinforcement, and anisotropic material behaviour.

1 Technical challenge: earing prediction for an anisotropic material Most sheet forming benchmarks include information such as: the hardening law parameters, based on limited experimental data (generally, r-values, yield stresses and ultimate strengths for 3 loading directions) extracted from uniaxial tension tests the coefficients for certain yield functions, available in the material libraries of most commercial software.

However, high f r are obtainable only along the easy axis direction of the magnetic anisotropic materials.

Consequently, the initial systems of governing equations for vibration analysis of sandwich structures made of isotropic materials are derived.

Its dual-responsiveness allows the independent control of different DoFs for complex shape-morphing behaviors with anisotropic material properties.

17 at 808 nm), superior to most 2D anisotropic materials.

Future composite aircraft wing designs will exploit anisotropic material properties by aeroelastic tailoring and include active control methods for manoeuvre and gust load alleviation.

This paper presents a 3D model of a terahertz photoconductive antenna (PCA) using black phosphorus, an emerging 2D anisotropic material, as the semiconductor layer.

Using the 3D microstructure of a real cathode, the stresses inside a free-standing electrode and model cells with a thin and a thick LLZO separator are calculated for the charging cycle considering isotropic and anisotropic material properties of LCO as well as non-textured and textured crystallographic alignment.

Once corrected stresses of homogenous layers satisfy von Mises criterion, Ramberg-Osgood curve is used to update elastic constants of isotropic materials.

By extending the conventional scattering canceling theory, we propose a new design method for thermal cloaks based on isotropic materials.

In addition, we demonstrate how the use of anisotropic materials enables us to set this optimum state at smaller wavelengths, even close to ultraviolet (UV), as compared to isotropic dielectrics, and we reveal the key role of the incident field's polarization in achieving optimized operation for both prolate and oblate configurations.

In this study, finite-element simulations of seven shear test geometries were evaluated for an isotropic material in a series of virtual experiments by varying the input hardening response.

This cubic model also enables us to compare the differences between system behaviour when using isotropic and anisotropic material models for the skeleton.

The isotropic and anisotropic materials with damping effects are also considered.

In this work, a technique of how to detect the presence of a crack-like defect and estimate its orientation in an anisotropic material by means of two orthogonal shear waves is presented.

All bones and external fixators were assigned with isotropic material properties while the cartilages were simulated with hyper-elastic.

In this work, the virtual crack closure-integral technique is implemented to a mixed finite element, in addition with the stiffness derivative procedure, to evaluate the energy release rate of crack extension in anisotropic materials.

The ductile fracture behavior of anisotropic materials was investigated and modeled by the uncoupled ductile fracture criterion for aluminum alloys 6016-AC200.

The stress state of hollow cylinders with oval cross-section made of orthotropic and isotropic materials is analyzed using spatial problem statement and analytical methods of separation of variables, approximation of functions by discrete Fourier series, and numerical discrete-orthogonalization method.

The main focus of this work is to predict the effective thermal conductivity of anisotropic materials based on the three-dimensional reconstruction of their fibrous structure, obtained from X-ray micro-tomography.

The stress field is also obtained from Hooke’s law for isotropic materials.

The proposed PIL method has the following advantages: (a) it can be applied to isotropic/anisotropic plate structures; (b) it doesn’t require any signal interpretation, making it attractive for active impact monitoring systems; (c) for anisotropic materials it doesn’t require the accurate knowledge of the wave velocity in all directions of propagation; (d) it doesn’t need a reference database; and (e) it remains effective even in the presence of noise.

A graphene layer, with isotropic surface conductivity of σ, has been sandwiched between two adjacent anisotropic materials.

They require only a low-to-moderate amount of training data and training time to learn without human guidance the constitutive behavior also of complex nonlinear and anisotropic materials.

All columns were made of two layers of isotropic materials characterised by various mechanical properties and were simple supported at the ends.

Another key element of this question is that initially, isotropic material can lose this property due to a cold pre-straining process and the existence of the Bauschinger effect.

In addition, this work proposes a novel anisotropic material interpolation scheme, which integrates both matrix and fiber design variables (both with material nonlinearity) into the stored-energy function.

The relationship between the mechanical properties of anisotropic materials and their thermophysical characteristics was experimentally revealed using the example of Scots pine ( Pınus sylvéstri s L) wood.

Besides, a multi-material interpolation scheme based on the Porous Anisotropic Material with Penalization (PAMP) is used for topology optimization.

The results show that the structures of these perovskite derivatives are stable and they are all anisotropic materials.

The method enables the determination of gas flow (in each flow direction) in microchannels forming an orthogonal network, characteristic of isotropic materials.

In the study of wave propagation through plates and laminates, there are no complete three-dimensional solutions especially if the plate or plies are made of an anisotropic material.

Our results also show that anisotropic material properties of either a tissue or an embedded nodule render the embedded tumor nodule undetectable using indentation.

Unlike all the other codes that are presently available, the software presented here is capable of simulating both isotropic and anisotropic materials comprised of single or multiple domains.

Rock is generally regarded as a heterogeneous and anisotropic material containing massive initial defects, such as cracks, joints, and porosities.

Tensile tests for different sheet orientations are conducted both experimentally and numerically to adjust the anisotropic material parameters by inverse parameter identification for aluminium EN AW-6014 and steel HCT590X.

Refined calculation formulas for determining the one - and two-axis stress state of an anisotropic material, taking into account the anisotropy of the thermoacoustic coefficients of transverse waves, are proposed.

It is assumed that the object is made of isotropic materials with equal values of permittivity and permeability and consists of a spherical volume of material with a positive spatially uniform refractive index and an adjacent spherical layer of material with a negative inhomogeneous refractive index (i.

The objective is to determine both the forces and paths of cracks propagating in elastoplastic and anisotropic materials.

This suggests that the incorporation of collagen is an efficient way to supplement the lack of confinement while reinforcing mechanical stability to the highly anisotropic materials.

The isotropic material 4-node bilinear plane strain elements (CPE4R) were used to mesh the solid cylinder cross-section.

This paper deals with the possible field of application of ultrasonic Surface Reflection Method (SRM) to achieve the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials.

Transition metal ions doped PbI2 is strongly anisotropic material having high molecular weight, high polarizability and strong spin-orbit coupling.

Indeed, recurrent anisotropic material properties and fracture strength still remains as the key challenges to be tackled in FFF, so as to get close to mechanical performances obtained by injection molding.

This work is devoted to the study changes in temperature and moisture content in anisotropic materials using cellular automata.

When machining anisotropic material with a thin milling cutter, there is a high probability of tool breakage.

In this study, Embedded Direct Ink Writing is used to fabricate a muscle mimicking anisotropic phantom that may serve as a standard for imaging studies of anisotropic materials.

The parameters of Poly6 yield criterion are expressed with the r-values and yield stresses without any optimization method, which has been successfully applied for highly anisotropic materials.

The anisotropy of the directional Young’s modulus and acoustic velocities predict that these alloys are all anisotropic materials.

The details of polycrystalline microstructure often influence the early stages of yielding and strain localization under monotonic and cyclic loading, particularly in elastically anisotropic materials.

This method can measure both the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity in a short time for isotropic materials.

Refined calculation formulas are proposed for determining the uniaxial and biaxial stress state of an anisotropic material, taking into account the anisotropy of the thermoacoustic coefficients of transverse waves.

Therefore, for the generic class of hyperelastic and isotropic materials, explicit formulae for the displacement field, the stretches and stresses in every point of the beam, following both Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions, are derived.

The method uses Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) for building the plates instead of isotropic material.

The subsequent mechanical behaviour has been assessed through hardness, tensile and creep stress rupture testing, and results have corroborated the microstructural findings to confirm a more isotropic material was successfully achieved.

This article designs a multichip power module with low thermal resistance using a high thermal conductive and anisotropic material graphite.

For a homogeneous, continuous, and isotropic material whose constitutive relationships meets with the Ramberg-Osgood law (R-O law), the energy in the elastoplastic indentation with a ball indenter was theoretically analyzed, and the proportional superposition of energy in pure elasticity and pure plasticity during indentation was considered based on the equivalence of energy density.

The unit cell of the proposed metasurface is composed of a arrangement of concentric square metallic loops on a grounded dielectric substrate, in which a diagonal split is made, providing properties of an anisotropic material.