Introduction to Ice Covered Lake

UWO241 evolved in a permanently ice-covered lake whose aquatic environment is characterized not only by constant low temperature and high salt but also by low light during the austral summer coupled with 6 months of complete darkness during the austral winter.

For equatorial temperatures as low as 240K-255K, the ice thickness ranges from 3-10 m, a value comparable to the range of those for the perennially ice-covered lakes in Antarctica (3-6 m).

More recently, next-generation sequencing has been widely used to study Antarctic fungal communities in diverse sample types, including arid and maritime soil, wood structures and soils at historic sites, rocks and stones, lichens, permafrost and active layer in permafrost, accretion ice from lakes, water from ice-covered lakes, hypersaline brines, and snow.

Here, we show that inorganic carbon fixation in the dark, driven by organisms that gain energy from chemical reactions rather than sunlight (chemolithoautotrophs), provides a significant influx of fixed carbon to two permanently ice-covered lakes (Fryxell and East Bonney).

In ice-covered lakes, where the temperature of water is below the temperature of maximum density, radiatively driven heating in the upper water column induces unstable density distributions leading to gravitational convection.

Biogeochemical processes are active year-round in ice-covered lakes, such that processes in one season can affect limnological conditions in subsequent seasons.

Despite the model errors found in the course of verification, the model quite realistically describes the hydrodynamic processes in a shallow ice-covered lake, and can therefore be regarded as a useful tool for further research after the diagnosed defects are removed from the computer code.

Numerical solutions of the system are compared to data from a number of field campaigns on ice-covered lakes, and good agreement between the deflectometer records and the numerical simulations is observed in most cases.

Lake Untersee is one of the largest perennially ice-covered lakes in Dronning Maud Land.

Benthic microbial mats from ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica provide an opportunity to investigate the sources, physiological roles, and preservation of BHPs in high-latitude environments.

Lake Fryxell is a perennially ice-covered lake with a sharp oxycline in a density-stabilized water column.

UWO241 (UWO241) was isolated from the deep photic zone of a permanently Antarctic ice-covered lake.

The Anuchin Glacier may be considered as a vector in a biological sense for the bacterial colonization of the perennially ice-covered Lake Untersee.

(2015) found that warming lakes are geographically distributed by using worldwide synthesis of in situ and satellite-derived lake data, revealing that the warming rate of seasonally ice-covered lakes is 0.

0), many lakes are projected to have reduced ice cover; about one-quarter of seasonally ice-covered lakes are projected to be permanently ice-free by 2080–2100.

We derive the mechanical energy budget for shallow, ice-covered lakes energized by penetrative solar radiation.