Introduction to Heterogeneous Group

Neurodegeneration is a heterogeneous group of disorders that is characterized by the activation of immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) (e.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by gradual progressive neuronal loss in the central nervous system.

BACKGROUND: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic stem cell disorders which is characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and risk of progression into acute myeloid leukemia.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represents a heterogeneous group of multipotent non-hematopoietic stem cells with self-renewal and differentiating into mesenchymal cell lineage.

e21188 Background: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) constitutes a heterogeneous group of poorly differentiated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes a highly heterogeneous group of patients with differences in the extent and localization of disease.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2-negative breast cancers with poor clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) include a heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by slowly progressive lower limbs spasticity and weakness.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs with a notable phenotypic variation and an autosomal recessive (AR), autosomal dominant (AD), and X-linked inheritance pattern.

Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a heterogeneous group of asymptomatic plasma cell disorder characterized by the presence of monoclonal protein ≥ 30 g/L and/or 10-60% of bone marrow plasma cells and no evidence of SLiM-CRAB criteria according to the 2014 International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) recommendations.

Plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the expansion of monoclonal bone marrow plasma cells that produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-component).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by a high degree of mucocutaneous fragility.

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by skin fragility due to intraepidermal separation.

Inherited cardiac disorders are clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders where sudden cardiac death is mostly the first clinical presentation.

Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) are a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases accountable for the majority of cases of heart failure (HF) and/or sudden cardiac death (SCD) worldwide.

INTRODUCTION Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic skin disorders characterized by fragility of the skin and mucous membranes.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of rare inherited blistering skin disorders characterized by skin fragility following minor trauma, usually present since birth.

OBJECTIVE Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) is a heterogeneous group of tumors with histological and biological diversity that cannot be defined as a benign leiomyoma or malignant leiomyosarcoma.

Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMPs) represent a heterogeneous group of tumors that cannot be histologically diagnosed as unequivocally benign or malignant.

Primary autosomal recessive microcephaly and Seckel syndrome spectrum disorders (MCPH-SCKS) include a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive inherited diseases characterized by primary (congenital) microcephaly, the absence of visceral abnormalities, and a variable degree of cognitive impairment, short stature and facial dysmorphism.

Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration and weakness of skeletal muscles, leading to disability and, often, premature death.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors that derive from the mucosal epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract and present high mortality rate.

Head and neck cancers are the seventh most frequent malignancy worldwide, consisting of a heterogeneous group of cancers that develop in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) being the most common pathology.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem-cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis leading to peripheral cytopenias and in a substantial proportion of cases to acute myeloid leukemia.

Simple Summary Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell malignancies characterized by ineffective differentiation of one or more bone marrow cell lineages.

Primary Systemic Vasculitides (PSV) constitute a heterogeneous group of rare and potentially life-threatening autoimmune diseases, characterized by a varying degree of inflammatory response, leading to local or generalized vascular disease.

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition that can be caused by a heterogeneous group of diseases, often affecting the brain and kidneys.

ABSTRACT Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases in the peripheral nervous system, is characterized by progressive and symmetrical distal weakness resulting in gait abnormality.

Inflammatory neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases of the peripheral nervous system that include acute and chronic diseases, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).

NSCLC is a heterogeneous group of diseases that differs in cytology and includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, and poorly differentiated carcinoma.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) comprises a heterogeneous group of upper aerodigestive tract malignant neoplasms, the most frequent of which is squamous cell carcinoma.

Chronic low back pain is a heterogeneous group of disorders with recurrent low back pain over 3 months.

General practitioners consider patients with low back pain to be a heterogeneous group with a variety of treatment needs and a patient group without any predetermined content or frequency of consultations; this can be a barrier for delegating these patients to clinical staff members.

BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20-ins) mutations are an uncommon and heterogeneous group of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), resistant to conventional EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

DDEB: dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa DEB: dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa EB: epidermolysis bullosa JEB: junctional epidermolysis bullosa PS: pyloric stenosis RDEB: recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa INTRODUCTION Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) encompasses a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited skin disorders.

Background Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI) are a genetically heterogeneous group of rare and chronic disorders characterized by generalized skin scaling and hyperkeratosis, erythroderma, and palmoplantar keratoderma.

Lipodystrophic syndromes (LS) constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by a loss of adipose tissue.

Muscular dystrophy is a well-known genetically heterogeneous group of rare muscle disorders.

Burns comprise a highly heterogeneous group of injuries resulting from a variety of mechanisms.

It is a highly heterogeneous group of hematological disorders that results from the acquisition of chromosomal aberrations and somatic mutations.

MEFV mutations and/or autoantibody status allowed four PL arthritis patients to be distinguished: Group I (MEFV+), with younger age of onset, short duration attacks (<3 days), mainly located in the knee, more frequent non-articular manifestations (fever, pericarditis or abdominal pain) and good response to colchicine; Group II (autoantibody+) is older than group I, with the same frequency of short attacks, but the most affected joints were the wrists and small joints of hands: 48% met RA classification criteria during follow-up and were taking DMARDs; Group III (MEFV- and autoantibody-) was the most frequent (48%) and clinically heterogeneous group; 51% had attacks lasting >3 days, and 15 patients developed criteria of immune-mediated inflammatory, autoinflammatory or infectious diseases.

Adult-onset ataxias are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of movement disorders.

Sarcomas are a rare heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin which represent approximately 13% of all cancers in pediatric patients.

It is a rare heterogeneous group of inherited cornification disorders characterized by two distinct types of skin lesions: fixed hyperkeratotic plaques and sharply marginated, pruritic, migratory erythematous lesions.

The TRP channel superfamily consists of large heterogeneous groups of channels that play numerous physiological roles such as thermosensation, chemosensation, osmosensation and mechanosensation.

Skeletal muscle ion channelopathies (SMICs) are a large heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding ion channel subunits in the skeletal muscle mainly characterized by myotonia or periodic paralysis, potentially resulting in long-term disabilities.

Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of skin disorders, including harlequin ichthyosis (HI), lamellar ichthyosis, and bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group.

Pediatric sarcomas are an extremely heterogeneous group of genetically distinct diseases.

In children, seizures represent an extremely heterogeneous group of medical conditions ranging from benign cases, such as a simple febrile seizure, to life-threatening situations, such as status epilepticus.

Amyloidosis refers to an etiologically heterogeneous group of protein misfolding diseases, pathologically characterized by extracellular amyloid fibrils producing congophillic amorphous deposits in organs and tissues, which may lead to severe organ dysfunction and mortality.

LIMITATIONS Rare diseases are an etiologically heterogeneous group.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a histologically heterogeneous group of tumors that arise from the primitive germ cell of the embryonic gonad.

Purpose/Objectives(s) Salivary gland tumors are a rare, histologically heterogeneous group of tumors.

Standardizing response criteria for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a clinically and biologically heterogeneous group of disorders, has been historically challenging.

Biliary tract cancers are a biologically heterogeneous group of malignancies, which perhaps explains the failure of targeted therapies in unselected patient populations to demonstrate benefit in advanced disease, although there are promises in selected populations (e.

It is based on the creation of small heterogeneous groups, with different degrees of academic and professional experience.

Students learning in small heterogeneous groups get the opportunity to work with peers from different backgrounds.

Results Three heterogeneous groups of professionals generated 17 clusters (135 unique statements), with a mean importance rating ranging from 2.

Moreover, the study indicates the possibility to determine three heterogeneous groups in the company and to show characteristics in those groups which are potential factors that cause absenteeism to a greater or lower extent.

B-cell lymphomas are one of the most biologically and molecularly heterogeneous group of malignancies.

Aggressive large B‐cell lymphomas (LBCLs) represent a frequent but clinically and molecularly heterogeneous group of tumors.

We examine the trading behavior of two heterogeneous groups of Algorithmic Traders (ATs), namely High-Frequency Traders (HFTs) and Buy-side Algorithmic Traders (BATs).

Our findings capture how two heterogeneous groups, Libyan locals and Libyan diaspora, interact to negotiate and re-negotiate the boundaries of collective identity.

The marine littoral rove beetle genus Cafius Stephens and related genera have been known to be an extraordinarily heterogeneous group and are taxonomically dispersed among several lineages of coastal Staphylininae.

Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia (ToF-PA) is a rare diagnosis that includes an extraordinarily heterogeneous group of complex anatomical findings with significant implications for physiology and prognosis.

Bipolar depression is a broad clinical construct including experiences ranging from traditional melancholic and psychotic episodes ascribed to "manic-depressive insanity," to another heterogeneous group of depressive episodes originally described in the context of binary models of unipolar depression (e.

People with disabilities are another heterogeneous group that encounters barriers in healthcare services in Brazil.

Analyzing the context of liquid modernity, it is possible to observe that the school has been receiving an increasingly heterogeneous group of students, characterized by social, cultural, economic, political, ethnic and gender diversity.

Women undergoing IVF are an increasingly heterogeneous group with a wide range of causative subfertility factors.

Salivary gland neoplasms are an uncommon and widely heterogeneous group of tumors.

X-linked intellectual deficiency (XLID) is a widely heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that involves more than 100 genes.

Peptides with antileishmanial effects encountered to date are a structurally heterogeneous group, which can be found in different natural sources—amphibians, reptiles, insects, bacteria, marine organisms, mammals, plants, and others—or inspired by natural toxins or proteins.

These toxins are a structurally heterogeneous group of compounds, sharing an ergoline backbone.

Older patients are a heterogeneous group ranging from fit to frail with various comorbidities.

They represent a heterogeneous group ranging from mild clinical manifestations-going unnoticed or being discovered at clinical examination-to a causal factor of life quality impairment, especially when associated with musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, or respiratory system malformations.

People with DS were perceived as a heterogeneous group whose treatment needed to be individualized, using the PTPs' full 'toolkit' of modalities and techniques, with a focus on improving quality of life, rather than reducing seizures.

They form a very heterogeneous group whose treatment takes place mainly in specialized centers.