Introduction to Group Housing

Social behaviors, hierarchy indices, locomotion, and saliva cortisol concentrations were determined during basal group housing conditions and stressful social confrontations with unfamiliar individuals of the other groups.

These results demonstrate that target training can make voluntary movement from group housing to test cubicles easier and benefit future animal care and procedures.

Success rates for group husbandry are influenced by the individual character of the stallion, previous experience of the stallion, changes in the group, qualification and management of the farm, and organization of the group housing and husbandry system.

These data suggest that group housing may be a viable housing strategy for leopards, provided that the animals are given the opportunity to avoid each other should they choose to do so.

Conclusion Several risk factors for parasite infections, such as bedding material, group housing and solid floors, are mandatory requirements by national law.

This review presents evidence that the time a cow is moved to the calving area, the type of group housing and the provision of a secluded area to calve, can impact the behavioral responses of dairy cows at calving.

The findings of the research would have a wider application not only in high-rise group housing but other instances as well.

A central question is whether small-group care in institutional settings is the exception and provides good-enough care? SOS Children’s Villages use small group housing and try to mimic a family-like child-rearing environment to promote child development.

A novel metabolism cage for group housing of NHPs has been designed in a joint collaboration between Novo Nordisk A/S and Covance Inc.

In particular the EU has banned traditional cages for laying hens and requires group housing for pregnant sows.

Group housing of sows during gestation is a recommended practice from the perspective of animal welfare.

The adoption of automated milk feeders and group housing of preweaning dairy calves has become more common in Canada; however, disease detection in group-housed calves remains a challenge.

BACKGROUND Pre-weaning group housing for sows and their litters is expected to enhance animal welfare.

Horses living in open-air group housing on a paddock had less pronounced peaks in their feeding and movement activities over time compared to horses living in more restricted husbandry systems.

The Code included multiple new requirements, including the transition to group housing for gestating sows, use of analgesics at castration and tail docking, space allowances and the provision of enrichment.

Pairs in which partners had known prior familiarity in group housing were less likely to experience social incompatibility (p =.

Eleven calves reared in individual housing (FA) and nine calves in group housing (FB) were monitored during the first 7 weeks of life.

It is difficult to detect the subtle changes associated with sickness behaviors in individual pigs early enough to prevent disease outbreaks in group housing settings within large production facilities.

Calves were housed from birth until 6–14 days old in individual hutches, and then moved into group housing igloo pens.

Very low feed intakes, such as in sows competing for feed in group housing, can be detrimental to embryo survival and even the maintenance of pregnancy.

While such group housing is common, the effects of changes to that group are seldom directly investigated.

One of the main reasons is that farmers find individual housing of calves more practical than group housing.

During adolescence, at an age of 60, 90, and 120 days, each individual's saliva cortisol concentrations and hierarchy index (calculated by initiated and received agonistic behavior) were measured during basal group housing conditions and stressful social confrontations with unfamiliar individuals of the other groups.

Some "must-haves" of future animal care on dairy farms included increased use of technology, group housing of calves, and adequate facilities, including enrichment.

These results suggest that early life social contact before social grouping in the first weeks of life may not greatly affect activity within the pen or active social interactions following the transition to group housing.

In contrast, group housing and rubber mat use had negative associations with daily lying time.

The results showed that the management mode of singleton and parent rearing during cub development and mixed male and female group housing during the stage of subadult learning skills and experience could effectively improve the natural reproduction success rate of captive adult male giant pandas.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a cage with a cage divider, which avoids physical contact between mice while maintaining sensory contact, may be a potential refinement strategy for experiments in which group housing of mice is not possible.

However, on group housing at 8–10 weeks of age, there was a numerical increase in ADLG in the pair housed calves compared to the individually housed calves over the weaning period.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of transitioning horses from outdoor group housing to individual box stalls on hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) and determine the relationship between physiological and behavioral stress responses.

Current best practices recommend a variety of techniques for reducing stress such as enhanced human interactions including play or training, novel feeding strategies, increased exercise/group play, and, when possible, group housing.

Notably, these effects are partially mitigated by a return to group housing, suggesting that they are not necessarily permanent, and that a return to a social setting can quickly reverse any deficits or changes associated with social isolation.

In conclusion, regarding animal welfare, group housing is favorable, but regarding a site-specific environmentally friendly or even biodiversity-enhancing management, space allowance per horse is a crucial factor rather than the type of housing system.

The study investigated whether differences in need or opportunity for innovation were reflected in the numbers of different types of innovations and in the frequencies of repeating a once-innovative behaviour (i) with respect to the equids’ sex, age, and breed type, (ii) across behavioural categories, and whether (iii) they were affected by the equids’ management (single vs group housing, access to roughage feed, access to pasture, and social contact).

In this study, the differences between behavior and stress hormone levels were assessed when sows were housed in a group housing system compared to individual stalls; in addition, the disease resistance and resilience of their piglets were compared.

These results suggest that young sows experience greater stress in individual stall housing than in group housing and that cortisol increases with progressing gestation regardless of housing system.

Focus groups were conducted to assess the lived perspectives of twelve individuals with SMI living independently in the community or utilizing group housing about their dietary and exercise habits.

However, there are numerous challenges in these environments such as lack of appropriate enrichment for group housing, budget for equipment/training, study controls, time and space to make improvements.

Simple Summary The group housing of animals supports species-specific behavior and avoids stress induction.

While the intent of this new housing requirement may allow for a greater freedom of movement, animal welfare concerns are still prominent for group housing.

Conclusions Single housing is more sensitive than group housing for detecting thermal physiology phenotypes.

Starting on postnatal day 50, the animals of each group were either left undisturbed in the standard group housing (Con) or underwent CSDS for 3 weeks.

000) and group housing pens (-0.

After weaning, we transferred offspring from the breeding cage to group housing and monitored social behavior and integration into the colony by measuring aggressive and affiliative behaviors.

The present work shows that the group housing of lactating sows and their litters improves pig welfare after regrouping events in terms of skin lesions.

In this study, we investigated the effect of social environment on circadian patterns in activity by group housing either six male or six female mice together in a cage, under regular light–dark cycles.

Group housing of gestating sows benefits their welfare by allowing them freedom of movement and the opportunity for social interaction.

Group housing promotes courtship in mature (7-day) but not immature (2-day) males; this behavioral plasticity requires the Or47b pheromone receptor.

Both group housing and single-housing as a consequence of aggression was perceived as problematic and stressful for the animals.

National expenditure according to CPI is divided into four sub-groups, namely the first general sub-group, the second sub-group of foodstuffs the third sub-group of processed foods, beverages, cigarettes and tobacco and fourth sub-group housing, water, electricity, gas and fuel development CPI 2018, every month from January to December tends to increase.

ABSTRACT Group housing provides horses with social contact, a lack of which is associated with health and behavior problems.

This study assessed the impact of individual versus group housing on average daily gain (ADG), preweaning disease, and representative fecal microbiomes based on Bifidobacterium which are believed to have a positive association with calf health.

After 14 days of social isolation and group housing, behavioral experiments were performed.

To diminish within-farm spread of infection, vaccination, age dependent group housing with separation of newborns from adults, as well as rearing on artificial or treated colostrum and milk replacers are implemented.

While group housing (GH) is mandatory in the European Union for the greater part of pregnancy, single housing in farrowing crates (FCs) during lactation that restrict sows in most of their natural behaviour patterns is still practised on a large scale.

However, the behavioral phenotypes of the BTBR mice in a long-term group housing setting are largely unknown because conventional behavioral tests for ASD model mice are designed for use under simplified artificial conditions over a short observation period.

A small body size and requirements for group housing necessitate special handling, sedation, and clinical practices.

Simple Summary The housing of gestating sows is currently moving from individual stalls to group housing in most Western countries.

This indicates that keeping horses unshod would decrease the injury risk of neighbouring horses when considering group housing systems.

West Bengal Housing Board initiated two group housing models for catering to the increased demand of affordable housing amongst low-income and middle-income groups.

In this stage, collection is not very efficient even though large numbers of private sweepers are engaged in waste collection from door to door at a nominal charge, particularly in big apartments and group housing societies.

Pigs (n = 677, 50% docked, 50% undocked) from three farrowing systems, as follows: (1) Conventional farrowing crate (FC), (2) free farrowing (FF), and (3) a group housing lactating sows (GH), were divided into two rearing systems as follows: (1) A conventional system (CONV) and (2) a wean-to-finish (W-F) system.

Suprelorin contraceptive implants are now routinely used in the Save the Tasmanian Devil Program insurance metapopulation to meet the aims of maintaining genetic and behavioural integrity by controlling individual reproductive contributions in group housing situations.

New models of rabbit breeding are proposed, such as group housing of rabbit does in a semi-group system or environmental enrichment of individual housing.

While the model at T90 was not significant, post-stimulatory cortisol after 60 minutes appears most informative in line with a previous study and was significantly affected by the breed and by three management factors: “number of riders”, “hours spent outside” and “group housing” (adjusted r2 = 15%, p<0.

MethodsFrom a total of 149 sows placed in three housing systems (farrowing crate – FC, loose housing – LH, group housing – GH), 18 sows and their respective litters, formed the basis for a two-factorial study design (farrowing system and body weight (BW) of neonates).

The lion recovered well without any complication and was gradually introduced back into the group housing three weeks later following successful alimentation process.

Environmental enrichment (EE) is defined as the addition of social, physical and somatosensory stimulation into an animal's environment via larger group housing, extra objects and, often, running wheels.

Results showed that pair versus individual housing had no effects on body weight, starter intake or average daily gain during the milk-feeding period, while pair housing increased the growth performance of calves during weaning and postweaning periods, and the beneficial effects of pair housing on growth faded after calves were mixed and moved to group housing.

In this study, 15 calves were used and kept in group housing systems of five calves each.

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a mechanical grooming brush on behavior and health of recently weaned calves, after transferring from individual to group housing.